Analysis of the decayed apples (van. Starking delicious), collected from the local
market, for patulin mycotoxin, using column chromotography and TLC Plates showed
that the presence of the amount of patulin mycotoxin in the mouldy tissues (1.3 , 2.5 ,
3.4 , 4.2, 5.5, and 6.4 ) cm in diameters were (5.1, 5.8, 6.3, 10.5, 12.3, and 14 ) μg
patulin/g moldy tissues respectively. According to this research also, Patulin
mycotoxin could diffused to the surrounding mouldy tissues. It is found that (0.5and
0.2), (1.0 and 0.5), and (1.5 and 0.5) μg patulin/g tissues in the first and second
centimeters after mouldy tissues 4.2, 5.5 and 6.4 cm respectively, this phenomenon
due to the presence of intracellular spaces in the

The increasing rate of resistance development for commonly used antibiotics have led to search for newer, more effective, affordable and easily available medicine. Medicinal plants have revived as a consequence of current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Aqueous extracts of nine plants (pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint) were qualitatively and quantitatively examined against twenty microbial isolates, mostly food borne including pathogens. (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans) antimicrobial screening was done by agar diffusion (well diffusion) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Among the screened plants, cloves were the most inhibitor against isolat

Little information is available on the pathophysiological changes caused by Fasciola gigantica. The present study aimed at the ellucidation of these changes in Awasi lambs infected with various doses (100, 300 and 600) of metacercariae.

The radio-isotop (Fe5%) was used to reveal the ferrokinetic pathway in the blood stream of sheep as a result of infection.

All lambs exposed to 100 metacercariae showed the chronic phase of the disease. Of the group exposed to 300 metacercariae, two lambs suffered the subacute phase and the remaining three had the chronic phase. Out of the five lambs given 600 metacercariae, four showed acute syndrom, while the fifth showed the subacute phase of the disease.

Blood picture in the ac

Calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were estimated in 150 sheep in Baghdad classified according to body condition toemaciated, weamediu and fat sheep. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride in emaciated sheep were 1.88, 0.896, 1.5, 9.11, 9.04, 4.60 and 86.28 mmol/L , in weak sheep were 1.88,.876,1.34,124.11,4.89,and 95.95 mmol/L ,in medium sheep were 2.09,.986,2.10,150.57,5.25,and 105.21 ,and in fat sheep were 2.14 , 9.21, 1.93, 150.33, 4.83 and 100.63 with significant difference (P<0.05) between mineral concentrations of emaciated, weak, medium and fat sheep.

The study was performed to investigate the protective effect of different methanolic and oily extracts of leave and dry date of Phoenix dactylifera against oxidative stress induced by CCl4 on 49 Sprague-Dawley male rats weighed 175-200 g and aged 6-8 months. The animals were equally divided into 7 groups and assigned as follows: G1, administered 0.1 mL distilled water orally and considered control negative group (C-ve); G2, administered 0.1 mL/100 g BW corn oil (CrO); and G3 administered 100 mg/kg BW CCl4 orally for induction oxidative stress and considered control positive group (C+ve). The other four groups were initially administered 100 mg/kg BW CCl4 for oxidative stress induction and treated for two mont

Mosquitoes are vectors of various life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever etc. Their close proximity to human habitations allows ease for disease transmission. They have been identified by key morphological tools like their wings, legs, bristles etc. but closely related species are difficult to identify based on morphology. Molecular tools have, therefore, been employed to help with the more accurate identification. This study was aimed at identifying and characterizing different mosquito species in five different states in North-Central Nigeria using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial 16S rDNA regions. Mosquito larvae were collected from stagnant water in breeding places at each collection

This study was aimed to understand the hematological changes in the level of Hb and Met-Hb

This study was planned to isolated and identify some psychrotrophic aerobic sporeforming bacteria from

اللقاحات الحية تختلف اللقاحات الحية ضد مرض کمبورو في ضراوتها وتركيبها المستضدي وطرق استعمالها

Powder of pomegranate barks (Punica granatum L) was prepared. Different concentration of watery

 Comparative studies about the characteristics of the acute toxicity of streptomycin and gentamicin and

The biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was done under alkaline conditions (pH 12) and temperature ≥ 80 ^◦C. Mixing 10% of aqueous pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with 0.1 molar of zinc nitrate [Zn (NO₃)₂.6H₂O], mixture was stirred at 70-80 ^◦C for 15 minute and then left at room temperature overnight. The result was separated and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. This process was repeated three times then the precipitate was collected and dried for using. ZnONPs were characterized by visual observation of color changes, estimate duration of synthesis compared to weight of  ZnONPs was the result, UV-visible analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),&nbs

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract for leaves and stems of Nerium oleander on Trichophyton mentogrophytes and Cryptococcus neoformens in vitro. The effect of alcoholic extract for Nerium oleander leaves and stems on the tested fungi was showed inhibitory effect specialy on Trichophyton mentogrophytes compared with aqueous extract of leaves and stems of plant which showed less or no inhibition against the tested fungiA high inhibition rate of alcoholic extract of leaves and stems of plant aginst Trichophyton mentogrophytes were 83.3% and 67% respectively in concentration 20mg/ml. But the inhibition rate of aqueous extract of leaves and stems of plant on the same fungus were 30% a

 Blood samples were obtained from clinically normal Fawbro chicks in order to study age – related <

     This study was carried out to investigate the hepatotoxicity of chronic adminstration of an immunosuppressant Tacrolimus in male albino rats. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, the first one (T1) recieved therapeutic dose (70µg/kg.BW) of Tacrolimus. The second group (T2) recieved double dose (140 µg/kg.BW) of Tacrolimus, while the third group recieved distilled water for the same period and considered as control (C). Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferases, Alkaline Phosphatase, serum potassium and serum calcium showed significant increase in both treated groups T1 and T2 as compared  with control, proportional to the dose of Tacrolimus. There were histopatholo

Burn is one of the most important conditions in veterinary and human medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the enhancing therapeutic effect of 790 nm diode laser on the burn healing.

Twenty-five rabbits (mean weight was 2.3 ± 0.03 kg) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, F, H and control group), each group consists of 5 animals. All groups were inflected with burn (scalds) by 99 degree of Celsius hot water applied for 30 seconds, on skin of the femoral region. Four groups were treated by laser and one group was without laser irradiation as a control group. The animals were treated by diode laser five times a week at different power density. The power density (PD) of 58.9 mW/cm² with exposure time 120 seconds was used

Canine dirofilariasis in Iraq was thought not present. This is the first report of dog
heartworms in our country. Hearts of 22 dogs from various sites in Kerbala province were
examined for Dirofilaria immitis infection. Peripheral blood from dogs with worms in the
heart was examined for microfilaria. Adult worms were found in 16 (73%) hearts.
Microfilaria in blood not tackled in the present work. From these finding we hypothesis that
heartworm disease is usually present in / or imported from those areas that are endemic for
canine dirofilariasis

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteria
spp ., Watery and Oily Liqurice extracts prepared to study the inhibition effect on ( Listeria monocytogenus ,
Brucella abortus , Brucella meletensis , Escherichia. coli , Pseudomonus aeruginosa , Bacillus anthracis
Sterne strain , Salmonella typhimurium , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus ) serial plates
powered with cultural media Nutrient Agar were inoculated with one of each bacteria studied then filter papers
filled with each type of Liqurice extracts were added and after incubation period then the inhibition Zone were
measured . the results revealed that inhibition effect of mixed and Oily Liq

The aim of this study was to determine the important role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in secondary infection of hospitalized patients, and test the sensitivity of this bacteria to some antibiotics were used in treatment of its infection .
90 samples were collected from different cases in Diwanya teaching hospital ,maternity & children hospital .The results show isolation of 29 isolates 0f Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.2%) .
Microscopic examination,cultural characteristic on selective and differential media and biochemical testing were used in the diagnosis of this bacteria.
The sensitivity test of this bacteria to some antibiotics was done by using disc diffusion method .All
isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%),while i

To identify the bacterial isolation from dogs have cancer diseases, the samples were (throat swab and urine) have
been taken from (64) dogs suffering from different cancer diseases includes (38) females and (26) males.
The result of throat swab as were follows: E.coli (50%), Actenomyces pyogenes (40.6 %) , Beta Heamolytic
Streptococcus group D (21.8 %) , Staphylococcus aureus (21.8 %), Klebsiella spp also Actenomyces viscosus
(18.7%), S.epidermidis(12.5%), Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus groupG (9.3 %) , Proteus mirabilis (9.3 %) ,
Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group B (6.2 %) , Bacillus subtilis (6.2 %), Micrococcus (6.2%) ,
Pseudomonas aerugenosa also Proteus vulgaris (3.1%).
While the urine samples of infected doges

It is well known that monotherapy does not provide therapeutic response in all hypertensive. Some
patients show an excellent response, while in others there is a poor response. Combination
antihypertensive therapy is administered when blood pressure is inadequately controlled by
monotherapy to achieve a balanced and additive antihypertensive effect with minimum adverse effects.
Both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and dihydropyridine type of calcium antagonists
are well established and widely used in monotherapy. An understanding of differences in the
mechanism of action of these agents allows a logical approach for the use of these agents as a
combination therapy. This study was designed to evaluate t

Gossypol is a substance found in the cottonseed. Recently in Iraq and in other countries the cottonseed
was used as a concentrate for fish and other animals without awareness of the risk. The present study is
designed to shed the light on the deleterious effect of gossypol on some hematological parameters and
enzymes of male common carp Cyprinus carpio l.. Oral administration of gossypol 20 mg./kg. b.w. for
ten days was found to be a strong lyses for red blood cell, reduced packed cell volume and increased
erythrocyte sedimentation rate and decreased total white blood cell. Furthermore alkaline
phosphotase, alinine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased which reflect
liver and kidneys damage c

To investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among neonatal lambs and sheep in different areas
of Baghdad include (Alshaab, Alshoala ,Albayaa, Alalawy, Madenat alsader, Aldorah, Alhosaenea,
Algazalea, Alrashdea) ,also the study investigated effect of sex ,age, season on the infected rate from
December 2007 till August 2008.
The laboratory methods were used to identified the oocysts :Modifide Ziehl Neelsen stain and flotation
with Shether’s solution .
A total of 500 fecal samples were collected from animals at one day -two years old lambs and sheep,
males and females
All fecal samples obtained from three groups of animals state: diarrhea , pasty and normal.
The study recorded total rate of cryptosporidio

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus & used
as immunostimulator to improve the humeral &cellular immune response in lambs vaccinated with the Rev-1 vaccine.
Lactobacillus isolated from intestinal contents of sheep after culturing on specific media &study the morphological &
biochemical characteristic Lactobacillus acidophilus was selected as probiotic after definitive diagnosis and depending
on their higher adherence ability to epithelial cells of the intestine and have high tolerance to low pH and bile salts .then
sensitivity test of the strain against antibiotics was done The experimental study included 15 lambs (age 5-8 months)
were eq