In the present study , 32 white mice Balb /C (two months age ) were used ,there
were divided into four equal groups . Three groups were injected with fungal
suspention of candida albicans in doses of 1x106 ,1x108 and 3x108 cell/ml
,whereas the fourth group was regarded as control and injected with 0.5 ml
normal saline solution . All were dissected after 6 days of injection to study the
physiological effect of the yeast on blood , which include RBCand WBC count ,
Hb concentration and PCV ratio . And on biochemical content which
include the determination of protein , glycogen and cholestrol in liver ,kidney
and muscles .
The results showed that the number of RBC were decreased ,while WBC
were increased in the

To study the prevalence of brucellosis among buffalo in Baghdad, 144
serum samples were collected and tested serologically using Rose Bengal Plate
Test (RBPT) and Tube Agglutination Test (TAT), also 44 milk samples tested
by Milk Ring Test (MRT). For isolation and identification of Brucella species
and behavior, 15 buffalo aborted fetuses were used. And for evaluation of the
health hazzard caused by the consumption of the locally manufactured cream
from the milk of buffalo, 76 cream samples were used for cultivation.
The results of the RBPT, TAT and MRT revealed the prevalence of the
disease in the percentages (38.19%, 29.86% and 20.45%) respectively.
It was found that Brucella abortus was the main cause of abo

     The study was conducted on 150 healthy and 102 diagnosed iron deficient anemic camels to determine serum iron, total iron binding capacity, unbound iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, copper and cobalt concentrations. The normal (81 males and 69 females) and anemic (48 males and 54 females) groups both aged between 1-15 years in Najaf governorate- Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins into plain tubes during the period November 2014 until May 2015, and the separated sera were used for the measurement of studied parameters. Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE in normal and anemic camels were as follows; Serum iron concentration was 7.37-19.48 μmol/L and 12±0.22 μmol/L,

     The present study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin on pancreatic and adrenal dysfunction induced by alloxan in adult female rabbits. Twenty four adult female rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups treated for 42 days as follows: control group received 2 ml of distal water intraperitoneally, animals of the second group received single dose of 150 mg /kg of alloxan (group T1), while the third group received single dose of 150 mg/kg of alloxan and after 7 days received 10mg/kg I/P of melatonin for 42 days of experiment (T2 group). The fourth group received 10 mg/kg I/P of melatonin for 42 days .After the 7 days of alloxan injection the blood is collec

     This study was conducted on 30 birds (15 birds for each type) divided as 10 birds for each part of study. Anatomical part revealed that the small intestine in both birds kestrel (Falco tinniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) formed from 3 segments; duodenum, jejunum and ileum with no clear demarcation line between them. In kestrel the Meckel's diverticulum appeared as small projection to separate between jejunum and ileum. Both ratio of intestinal length to body length and of intestinal weight to body weight was higher in bulbul than those in kestrel.  Histological study showed that the wall of all three parts of small intestine was composed of the same histological layers;

The epidemiology of ringworm in two cattle herds in Baghdad area was studied during the period from
September 2001 to August 2002.Two hundred skin scraping were collected from the infected area. The
prevalence of infection was 68%. In males it was lower (37.5%) than females (62.5%) and higher in less than
one year old animals. The prevalence was highest in January (16.5%). Eleven species of fungi were diagnosed,
these include; Trichophyton verrucosum, T. rubrum,T.metagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus , A. flavus , A.
Niger , A.terru , Mucor spp. , Altenaria alternata , Rhizopus and Fusarium spp. , one species of yeast Candida
albicans.

This study was performed to define the best nutritional level expressed according to Morrison feeding standard 80%, 100% and 120% of these standards were given to three groups of awassi lumbs. Results indicated the superiority of the 120% level in reaching the slaagter weight (45 Kg).The experiment also reflected that digestibility in goats is better than that in sheep.

A total of 190 bacterial strains were isolated from both apparently healthy cows and those suffering from

Chick embryo dermis (CED) cell cultures were prepared from skinpeeled off from 12 day old specific pathogen free (SPF) embryo. The

The indigenous geese have symmetrical pair of ultimobranchial gland, pink in color, lenticular or globular in shape. These glands are located in thoracic inlet, posterior to the parathyroid gland, dorsal to the bifurcation of brachiocephalic trunk. In young birds the left gland usually adheres to the caudal pole of parathyroid gland and usually cranio lateral to the origin of common carotid artery, while the right gland is also related to common carotid artery, but it’s separated from caudal pole of parathyroid gland. The gland is supplied by collateral branch from common carotid artery and innervated by branch from the thoracic vegal trunk and directed from the recurrent nerve. The gland is not surrounded by capsule but it’s covered

     The study was conducted on 65 local adult chickens (Gallus domesticus) to investigate  macro - and microscopically presence of external and internal parasites and their prevalence in Sulaimani region-Kurdistan/Iraq from May to July 2012. Results showed that 90.77 % out of total examined chickens were infested with ecto-parasites, out of that 81.36 % (48/59) were infested with lice such as (Menacanthus  stramineus, Goniocotes  gallinae, Menopon  gallinae, Goniodes  gigas, Cuclotogaster  heterographus ) and 62.72 (37/59) of it with larval stage of soft tick such as (Argas  persicus).  Mixed infestations with more than two ecto-paras

Two hundred and four Broiler chicks was used, divided into six equal groups, each group was vaccinated with one vaccine as fellows: BUR-706 group1 (G1), IBD-L (G2), TAD (G3), CH/80 (G4), D78 (G5) and Control (G6). ELISA test was used to estimate ND and Gumboro disease antibodies. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanin amino transferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total protein and albumin and globuline concentrations in blood serum were estimated. Newcastle disease antibodies titers were high in G1 but low in G5 significantly. Gumboro disease titers were nonsignificant increase(p>0.05) in G1, G2 and G3 but nonsignificant low(p>0.05) in G4 and G5. Normal total protein, albumin and globuline concentrations and no

Twenty two ( 11 from lung and 11 from liver of lung-liver cross infection ) hydatid cysts fluid collected from sheep slaughter in Duhok abattoir and there biochemical analysis done for several parameters (total protein , Glucose, Cholesterol , triglyceride, creatinine , Urea , Uric acid , Calcium and Magnesium ions ) by colorimetric assay kits for the first time in this area . The biochemical parameters varies in there measures as for protein increased significantly ( P<0.01) in lung cysts fluid ,while in liver some increased significantly like cholesterol ( P<0.01) ,triglyceride ( P<0.05 ) , creatinine (P<0.01) , calcium (P <0.01) and magnesium ( P<0.05). In compare with previous studies the results reflected some diff

Study was conducted to isolate and diagnosis of bacterial which sensitive
and resistance for components of Hg and Pb, and the ability of these isolate
for resistance to remove high concentrations of Pb and Hg from components
derived soil extract. Personalize Enterobacter cloacae 2w isolated filename
as isolated from soil extract wetthass to a concentration of 5 mg Pb/L and
0.25 mg Hg/l. It also found that isolation resistance and treatable with
ordinary two Pseudomonas putida1N resisted concentration was 150 mg Pb/L
and 3.5 mg Hg/l. And isolation resistance added massively vaccine Center
6.2 Log cfu/ml of growth density 6.5 Log cfu/ml with a shot in the Center to
focus 90 mg Pb/L and remove 60% of It also has t

This study was designed to evaluate the anticancer, effects of the ethanolic (EE), cold aqueous (CAE), and hot aqueous (HAE) extracts of Sonchus oleraceus on cancer cell lines (in vitro). In vitro study was performed on three cancer cell lines (murine mammary adenocarcinoma AMN-3 cell line, laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line) and rat embryogenic fibroblast (REF) as normal cell line. Periods of exposure of cell lines were measured at 24, 48, and 72-hr in a microtitration plate under complete sterile conditions. Different concentrations starting from (78.125 to 10000) μg/ml of two fold dilution for each extract were prepared and tested on each cell line, with three replicates for each concentration. The three extracts showed concentratio

In the present study the biological activities of Nigella sativa on limitation and ameliorative detoxification of aluminum were investigated through evaluation of some hematological, biochemical parameters and histopathology. Eighteen mature rabbits were divided equally into three groups. Group 1 was served as a control group; group 2 was administrated orally with distill water both of AlCl3 ( sub lethal dose 200 mg / kg body weight ) and NS in dose of 10 g / liter; group 3 administrated NS only in same dose. The results are revealed significant elevation ( P<0.05 ) in RBCs count, Hb and PCV values in group 3 in comparison with groups 1 & 2; while the WBCs count decreased significantly in group 2 and increased significantly in gro

The aim of this study to detect Cryptospordiosis among children (1 day –10 years) in some Wadi Al-Shati areas (Brack ,Akar,Al-Qurda and

Wanzreek). A total of 280 faecal samples were examined by flotation with sheather s’ sugar solution and acid fast staining techniques to detect Cryptospordium oocysts .The results of study demonstrated that 29 samples (10 .3 % ) were positive with highest infection rates in young children between ( days and 1-2

years, which reached 34.2 % and 23 % respectively.

This study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine ,University of Baghdad to prepare synbiotic of  Sacch. cerevisiae  and used as 0.1 and 0 .2 % of feed (T2,T3) for reducing the experimental infection of Salmonella typhimurium  to  broiler  chicks  ( 1-15 days)  by  using 40 birds

divided into four treatments , T1 was negative control with 0.1 % synbiotics and T4 was positive control with experimental infection only , production and blood parameters were studed , and the results showed the following: A synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae was prepared at the first time locally which have 10 ⁷ cfu of  Sacch. cerevisiae and 10 mg Manna

     Yersiniosis is a zoonotic disease which infects many animal species. A preliminary study was done to detect the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in sheep. One thousand and two hundred fecal samples were collected randomly from sheep in four governorates in the southern region of Iraq: Thi-Qar, Al-Muthana, Messan and Basrah, in the period from July 2016 to June-2017. Enrichment Yersinia broth at 4°C for 48 hours was used for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica. Selective Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin and non selective media were used for bacterial culture. The identification of Yersinia enterocolitica was based on colony morphology and biochemical characters, API 20E and V

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (-
196ºC) on sperm quality (concentration, motility, morphology) and in vitro fertilization rate (IVF),
24 hours post insemination in mice. The sperms were obtained from caudal epididymis of 20 mature
male mice and prepared by Direct Activation Technique after cryopreservation followed by
insemination the oocyte of 20 female mice using in vitro fertilization procedure. Results showed
that there were significant (P > 0.05) decrease in sperms concentration, motility and morphology post
cryopreservation. In addition, the results demonstrated that cryopreservation significantly decreased
(P > 0.05) fertilization rate in tr

In order to demonstrated the pathologic changes and immune response of Brucella aboruls strain 19. Vaccinated guinea pigs were experimentally infected With Nocardia asteroides, 24 guinea pigs of both six were divided into four equal groups. The first group was inoculated sub-cutaneously with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. The second group was inoculated inuapulmonary with 1 X 103 C.F.U of viable Nocardia asteroides. Thirty days post-inoculation the first, second and third groups were challenged intrapulmonary with 2.5 K 109 C.F.U. of Nocardia asteroides, the last group served as control. The results showed that mortality was 100 % in non~ vaccinated -animals, 33.4 % in immunized animals with Nocardia asteroides and zero in Brucella

     This research aims to prepare ZnO NPs by using chemical bath deposition way from ZnSO₄ and NaOH as starting materials. It was examined by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Zeta potential and Fourier Transformation Infrared. Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed various morphological changes of ZnO nanoparticles obtained by the above method and the different magnification Scanning Electron Microscopy images of the nanoparticle and confirms that the Nano flowers are grown with well-defined morphology and diameters varying between 60-110 nm. The effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacteria staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Pseudomous aeruginosa showed

The aim of this study was concerned on the prevalence of Listeria spp.in the ice cream samples collected from the different pastry shops and downtown stores of Baghdad province during December 2009 till April 2010. A total of 50 ice cream samples (25 locally produced samples from raw and imported powdered milk and 25 imported samples from different origins) were analyzed and processed according to the standard protocols of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with some modifications. Growth of Listeria spp. was determined in 7 (14%) of total samples as 4 (16%) isolates from locally produced ice creams , from which one isolate was confirmed as Listeria monocytogenes, and 3 (12%) isola

    Bacteriological , cytological, and biochemical testing were performed on synovial fluid of 160 sheep’s and goats at Basrah slaughter house , 115 sheep (74 females, 41 males ) , 45 goats (34 females , 11 males). The incidence of bacterial isolation from infected sheeps was 40.05 %. in females , 48.78 % . in males ,while in goats it was  54.54%. in males 14.7%. in females. Bacterial isolates were staphalococcus aureus, pseudomonas  spp, and Hemophilus  spp.   Staph –aureus was senstive to impeneam and amikacin  Hemophilus spp. was sensitive to cephalexin and Ampicillin , all Pseudomonas spp. isolates were sensitive to penicil

This study was carried out to study the toxic effect of smut wheat on male reproductive system of mice. The experimental study was performed in the laboratory using 20 mice, which divided into two groups, one group feed on normal diet, the other fed on a mixture of 50% normal diet with 50% smut wheat. A histopathological study was done on the testes of Mice fed on smut wheat for 30 days. The histopathological study revealed thickness of basement membrane of semiriferous tubule of mice, and desquamation of the sertoli cells and spermatogonium from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubule and has adversely effect on male fertility.

A total of 16678 records of age at first calving and ages at next calving ,
in addition to 14058 records of calving interval belonged to Holstein cows were
analysed over period from 1992 to 2003 , at the Nasr Dairy Cattle Station,
United Company for Animal Resources Ltd., Al-Soueira ( 50 Km South of
Baghdad ). Data was analaysed using General Linear Model within the SAS
program to study the effects of some fixed factors on the studied traits .
Components of variance for the random effects was estimated by the
Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbised Estimation Procedure ( MIVQUE ) , also
phenotypic trend was estimated for all traits .
The overall means for age at first calving till the age at sixth calving were
48

An interaction toxicity study was performed to evaluate and compare the effect of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor (captopril) and inducer (spironolactone) on their common substrate (lovastatin) that were done by comparing LD50 of the acute study with their chronic form then with those combined therapeutic doses administered for 90 days. Therefore, isobolographic analysis and chronicity index were used as the parameters for this study. Forty rats were allocated into five groups according to the used treatment into: captopril, spironolactone, lovastatin, captopril + lovastatin and spironolactone + lovastatin using up and down method to determine their acute exposure LD50 while ninety rats were used to perform t

The present study was performed on 30 lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity diagnosed by rectal palpation during 60-90 days postpartum, aged between 3-6 years at Al-Thahab Al-Abiad village / Abu-Graib / Baghdad province during the period from February- June 2020 . The animals divided into three equal groups (10 buffaloes for each one). 1st group treated with melatonin implants (90mg/animals/SC) for 30 days but 2nd group treated with melatonin implants conjugated with CIDR (1.38 gm) in day 20 for 10 days, 3rd group without treatment (control group). The results in this study were recorded animal response 90%, 100% and 50% in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with superior significantly (P<0.01) for treated group

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser in accelerating the healing process of ‎injured tendons and to determine the best ‎irradiation doses for impulse and continuous laser ‎irradiation. The semimembranosus muscle tendon of forty mature local breed rabbits ‎‎(Oryctolagus cuniculus) of both sexes was partially injured under ‎general anesthesia. The rabbits ‎were randomized into five groups and treated on the first day postoperatively. Group C served ‎as a control and ‎received no treatment, while groups A, B, and D were subjected to diode ‎impulse laser with a power of 2×10^-3 watts and a wavelength of 904 ‎nm for 15, 25, and 35 ‎min per session, respectively. Group E received continuou

The present Study Showed that the falciform process and vitereal vessels is extended upper to retina, which are found only in S. triostegus . The visual cells in both fishes have cones and rods with myoid element, myoids are inconspicuous in S. triostegus . The cones in S. triostegus are large but in L. abu found in four types, long single cones, short single cones, dwarf cones and twin cones. It appears that the cones in L. abu arranged as mosaic include square and row patterns, but they are distributed randomly in S. triostegus , also the cones in L. abu have lateral fins which are lack in S. triostegus .The result showed that three types of ganglion cells, long, medium and small as well as there is additional type called Giant ganglio