An indirect ELISA technique was used to determine the prevalence of infection in sera and milk samples among goats and sheepin Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results of the present study shows that the prevalence of infection was higher in sera compared to milk samples among goats and sheep as follow: (6.3, 4.2%) and (8.9, 5.6%) respectively and there was no statistical significance difference in goats at P value =0.42, also there was no statistically differences at P value= 0.22. ELISA results also shows that the prevalence according to the age among goats and sheep were higher in animal aged > 2 years in both sera and milk samples were (7.5, 5.3%) and (11.3, 7%) respectively and there was no significant difference between age groups

     The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibiotics residues in the locally produced cows raw milk as well as to evaluate the effect of different commercial heat treated process on the level of antibiotics residues in milk. A total of 52 locally produced milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows in AL-Fudhailia village, milk cans (50 Kg), bulk milk tanks (1, 5 and 10 tons) which belonged to the milk reception and collection centers and dairy plants in Baghdad were collected during beginning of December 2015 to the end of April 2016. Results revealed by using high performance liquid chromatography that there was a significant seasonal variation in the residual concentration of each detec

     This study included isolates of bacteria from 125 clinical samples in Erbil and Kirkuk Hospital including (burns, wounds, urine and sputum); 38 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa after conducting microscopic and biochemical tests. The results of antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all isolates of P. aeruginosa  were different in resistance to Pipracillin, Erythromycin with rate of (100%) and to the Nalidixic acid (94.73%) while the lowest resistant antibiotics were to Co-trimoxazole, Ceftazidime and Ciprofloxacin, which amounted to (26.31%, 23.68 and 21.05%) respectively. For molecular diagnosis of P. aeruginosa some virulence genes the alg D and exo A

     The aim of the present study was to specify the relationship of gestational period with measurement of Crown-Rump length and Bi-parietal diameter via trans-abdominal ultrasonography in goats. This study was conducted in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Diyala University. The study was carried out on twelve multiparous does, their ages were between 2-5 years. Does were synchronized for estrus with PGF₂α (Estrumate) at 11 days apart and naturally served to obtain pregnancy (estrus day=day 0), and subsequently Ultrasonic scanned. Weekly ultrasonographic examinations were performed using 3.5-5MHz sector transducer, from week (5-10) and (6-14) of pregnancy for measuring the Crown-Rump length and Bi-pa

     The study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histomorphometrical features of spleen in gazelle. To achieve this goal, spleens of 7 animals were used. The gross aspect of the study revealed that the spleen of gazelle appeared dark brown in color with elliptical shape and was situated at the left lateral surface of the rumen. It occupied the area extended from the 8^th rib to 11^th rib. Length and width of the spleens were calculated and the mean were 7.94±0.1, 5.88±0.2 respectively. There were three ligaments connected the spleen with adjacent structures, namely splenogastric, splenorenal and splenophrenic. The blood supply of the spleen was studied using X-rays and resin injection metho

     The study was conducted to indicate the contamination of the local produced broilers carcasses by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and its effects on public health. Sixty samples of local produced Broilers were collected randomly from five different areas in Baquba center of Diyala governorate, (Iraq). Thirty samples to each were collected in summer, from the beginning of July to end of August, and in winter season from the beginning of December to end of January to investigate their microbial load. All summer samples had significantly (P<0.05) higher microbial count of Coli-form Bacteria, Escherichia coli and E.coli O157:H7 than winter samples, but there were no significant differ

     Four hundred fecal samples from diarrheic calves of both sexes (1-60 days old) from four Iraqi Mid-Euphrates governorates (Babylon, Al-Najaf, Karbala and Al-Qadissiyiah) were collected to investigate rotavirus type A infection by using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The results showed that infection rates were (14%), while the high rate (20%) was found in age of (1-30 days), however non-significant values were related to animal gender. Moreover, a high infection was recorded at January (29.5%) and the rotraviral infection was recorded in four provinces but the higher was in Babylon (23%). The clinical examination of infected calves showed voluminous watery diarrhea, profound weakness and mild depr

     This study aimed to evaluate-the inhibitory effects of ethanolic and-chloroformic-extracts of local medicinal plants as Oak (Quercus-acuta), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum-zeylanicum) prepared in different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) against the growth of Listeria-monocytogenes isolated from infected humans and animals and comparing their activity with effectiveness of the standard antibiotics. The results showed detection of Listeria-monocytogenes in 3 of (50) blood samples collected from aborted woman making 6% samples, while the detection rates of Listeria-monocytogenes in milk samples collected from sheep and cattle were 4

     This study was carried out to investigate the cytogenetic effect of Levofloxacin after In-ovo inoculation. Forty eight fertilized eggs were used, divided equally into eight groups and inoculated through shell puncture above air cell with materials in equestion  and incubated for two different periods three and seven days. They were assigned as group one and group two 10 µg Levofloxacin, group three and group four 20µg levofloxacin, group five and group six considered positive  control 0.05 µg Mitomycin-C, group seven and group eight (Phosphate Buffer Saline) considered negative control groups. All eggs from in-ovo experiments were subjected to cytogenetic tests, such as Mitotic Inde

         The aims of present study were designed to determine the relationship between fetal number single or twin and placentome measurement by real time Ultrasonography at different stage of pregnancy. Twenty mature female of shami goats were synchronized  for estrus with vaginal sponges impregnated with 60 mg of medroxey progesterone acetate (MAP) (Esponja-vet – spanin) under strict  hygienic conditions, the sponges were inserted by applicator for 14 days, following  by eCG (Folligon) intra muscularly injection each female goats (doe) received  500 IU Folligon. At the time of sponges withdrawl, estrus detection was done and each doe expressed estrus sings serviced naturally

Burn is one of the most important conditions in veterinary and human medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the enhancing therapeutic effect of 790 nm diode laser on the burn healing.

Twenty-five rabbits (mean weight was 2.3 ± 0.03 kg) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, F, H and control group), each group consists of 5 animals. All groups were inflected with burn (scalds) by 99 degree of Celsius hot water applied for 30 seconds, on skin of the femoral region. Four groups were treated by laser and one group was without laser irradiation as a control group. The animals were treated by diode laser five times a week at different power density. The power density (PD) of 58.9 mW/cm² with exposure time 120 seconds was used

Canine dirofilariasis in Iraq was thought not present. This is the first report of dog
heartworms in our country. Hearts of 22 dogs from various sites in Kerbala province were
examined for Dirofilaria immitis infection. Peripheral blood from dogs with worms in the
heart was examined for microfilaria. Adult worms were found in 16 (73%) hearts.
Microfilaria in blood not tackled in the present work. From these finding we hypothesis that
heartworm disease is usually present in / or imported from those areas that are endemic for
canine dirofilariasis

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteria
spp ., Watery and Oily Liqurice extracts prepared to study the inhibition effect on ( Listeria monocytogenus ,
Brucella abortus , Brucella meletensis , Escherichia. coli , Pseudomonus aeruginosa , Bacillus anthracis
Sterne strain , Salmonella typhimurium , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus ) serial plates
powered with cultural media Nutrient Agar were inoculated with one of each bacteria studied then filter papers
filled with each type of Liqurice extracts were added and after incubation period then the inhibition Zone were
measured . the results revealed that inhibition effect of mixed and Oily Liq

The aim of this study was to determine the important role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in secondary infection of hospitalized patients, and test the sensitivity of this bacteria to some antibiotics were used in treatment of its infection .
90 samples were collected from different cases in Diwanya teaching hospital ,maternity & children hospital .The results show isolation of 29 isolates 0f Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.2%) .
Microscopic examination,cultural characteristic on selective and differential media and biochemical testing were used in the diagnosis of this bacteria.
The sensitivity test of this bacteria to some antibiotics was done by using disc diffusion method .All
isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%),while i

In order to known the effect of whole sonicated L. monocytogenes antigen on as mice experimentally
infected with P.aeruginosa.,30 white mice,8-12 weeks age, were divided randomly into three equal
groups..The 1st group was immunized subcutaneously twice with (0.5)ml of whole sonicated P.aeruginosa
antigen(7.6mg/ml concentration protein) ,with two weeks intervals.The cellular immune responses was
checked at (27) days post-immunization The animals of the 1st and 2nd groups were challenged
subcutaneously with (0.5) ml of bacterial suspension contain1X10 9cfu/ml of virulent P.aeruginosa while
the 3rd group was inoculated S/C with (0.5)ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline and served as control
negative group.. The resuls

In order to investigate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in soft cheese and sweet yogurt produced
locally, this study was done by random collection of samples from different areas in Baghdad province and its
surrounding from different animals (Cows and Buffalos) as 55 total samples (47 soft –cheese samples and 8
sweet-yogurt samples) from October 2007 till January 2008 and processed according to standard protocols of
Listeria monocytogenes .
The results showed isolation of 6 isolates from 55 samples(10.9%) as 5 isolates from 47 soft – cheese samples
(10.638%) and 1 isolated from 8 sweet yogurt samples (12.5%),these revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in
isolation percentages between Cows and Buffalo

The objective of present work is to estimated peripheral blood serum concentrations of pregnancy
hormones, oestradiol , progesterone and testosterone , in cows . For this purpose 24 Frezain- Holstein
cows at different stages of pregnancy the blood samples were taken from jugular veins. The serum
were separated and frozen at – 20 c until analysis. The serum hormones were measured by a specific
ELISA technique (ELISA Linear Multi Reader). The data were represented Mean + S.D. Progesterone
was high during pregnancy reaching a maximum of 91.94 + 26.09 ng/ml during last thirds (6-8
months) of pregnancy , but was below 9.12 + 2.41 ng/ml for several months during the pregnancy.
Oestradiol levels varied from 9.0+ 2.89 pg/m

A total number of 600 fecal samples were collected from patients attaining general Abu-
Ghraib hospital during the period from 1st march 2006 till 28th February 2007. The samples were
examined for detection of intestinal protozoan Entamoeba(E).histolytica infection by direct smear with
Iodine stain and flotation technic using Zinc sulphat solution .The overall rate of infection was
32.5%.Asignificant differences were observed in the rates of infection between males and females
which constituted 46.44%, 25.64% respectively. All age groups were infected, the highest rate of
infection 61.9%, 29.6% were noticed in males and females of 2-5 years old respectively, whereas the
lowest rates 15.15%, 10% were recorded at the a

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus & used
as immunostimulator to improve the humeral &cellular immune response in lambs vaccinated with the Rev-1 vaccine.
Lactobacillus isolated from intestinal contents of sheep after culturing on specific media &study the morphological &
biochemical characteristic Lactobacillus acidophilus was selected as probiotic after definitive diagnosis and depending
on their higher adherence ability to epithelial cells of the intestine and have high tolerance to low pH and bile salts .then
sensitivity test of the strain against antibiotics was done The experimental study included 15 lambs (age 5-8 months)
were eq

To investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among neonatal lambs and sheep in different areas
of Baghdad include (Alshaab, Alshoala ,Albayaa, Alalawy, Madenat alsader, Aldorah, Alhosaenea,
Algazalea, Alrashdea) ,also the study investigated effect of sex ,age, season on the infected rate from
December 2007 till August 2008.
The laboratory methods were used to identified the oocysts :Modifide Ziehl Neelsen stain and flotation
with Shether’s solution .
A total of 500 fecal samples were collected from animals at one day -two years old lambs and sheep,
males and females
All fecal samples obtained from three groups of animals state: diarrhea , pasty and normal.
The study recorded total rate of cryptosporidio

This study has been conducted to study the effect of feed withdrawal (8 hours after slaughter) and
adding dried bakery yeast on dressing percentage and meat chemical 45 marketed broiler chickens at 8
weeks of age .The birds randomly distributed into three treatments (5 birds ) and each treatment to
three replicates (5 birds per replicate ) which were: un-treated control (T1) , broiler chickens subjected
to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T2) , broiler chickens fed a diet contained 1% of dried
bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slaughtered (T3) . The data
obtained revealed the following :-
Adding dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. be

In order to investigate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw and imported Ultra Heat Treatment
(UHT) milk, this study was done by random collection of samples from different areas in Baghdad province and
its surroundings from different animals (small and large ruminants) as 68 total samples (53 raw milk samples and
15 imported UHT samples)collected weekly from October 2007 till January 2008, and processed according to
standard protocols of Listeria monocytogenes .
The results showed reisolation of 10 isolates from 68 samples (14.7%) as 6 isolated from raw milk samples
(11.3%) and 4 isolated from UHT milk samples (26.7%) ,these revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in
isolated percentage of Listeria mon

This experiment was carried out at poultry house, college of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad university,
Which lasted 42 days, to by adding Thymus vulgaris the used part (Leaves, Steams and Flowers) and
Cinnamomum zeylanicum the used part (bark) to the concentrate diet for the experimental period for 6 weeks.
The study was aimed to find out the effect of thyme or cinnamon on productive, physiological blood traits of
broilers by using 150 unsexing Arbor Acres chicks at the age of one day. These chicks were randomly divided
into five group equally (30 chicks each). Each group was subdivided into two equal subgroup. And fed on the
following ration.
1-The first group was fed on ordinary diet kept as a control group.
2- T

To identify the bacterial isolation from dogs have cancer diseases, the samples were (throat swab and urine) have
been taken from (64) dogs suffering from different cancer diseases includes (38) females and (26) males.
The result of throat swab as were follows: E.coli (50%), Actenomyces pyogenes (40.6 %) , Beta Heamolytic
Streptococcus group D (21.8 %) , Staphylococcus aureus (21.8 %), Klebsiella spp also Actenomyces viscosus
(18.7%), S.epidermidis(12.5%), Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus groupG (9.3 %) , Proteus mirabilis (9.3 %) ,
Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group B (6.2 %) , Bacillus subtilis (6.2 %), Micrococcus (6.2%) ,
Pseudomonas aerugenosa also Proteus vulgaris (3.1%).
While the urine samples of infected doges

It is well known that monotherapy does not provide therapeutic response in all hypertensive. Some
patients show an excellent response, while in others there is a poor response. Combination
antihypertensive therapy is administered when blood pressure is inadequately controlled by
monotherapy to achieve a balanced and additive antihypertensive effect with minimum adverse effects.
Both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and dihydropyridine type of calcium antagonists
are well established and widely used in monotherapy. An understanding of differences in the
mechanism of action of these agents allows a logical approach for the use of these agents as a
combination therapy. This study was designed to evaluate t

Gossypol is a substance found in the cottonseed. Recently in Iraq and in other countries the cottonseed
was used as a concentrate for fish and other animals without awareness of the risk. The present study is
designed to shed the light on the deleterious effect of gossypol on some hematological parameters and
enzymes of male common carp Cyprinus carpio l.. Oral administration of gossypol 20 mg./kg. b.w. for
ten days was found to be a strong lyses for red blood cell, reduced packed cell volume and increased
erythrocyte sedimentation rate and decreased total white blood cell. Furthermore alkaline
phosphotase, alinine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased which reflect
liver and kidneys damage c

Groups of mice experimentally infected with ringworm Trichophyton mentagrophyte were treated with
ointments prepared from 5% cold alcoholic extract of two plants of Thymbra spicata , Ruta chalepnsis
and compared with the commercial drug “Clotrmazole” (1%), recovery from ringworm needed 16 , 18 ,
14 days for Th.spicata, Ruta chalepensis and Coltrmazole respectively.
On the other hand 28 naturally infected calves with ringworm from the genera Trichophyton
mentagrophytes and Aspergillus were divided into four groups, and each group treated individually with
one of the ointments 5% concentration , cold alcoholic extract of Th.spicata and Ruta chalepensis beside
“Clotrimazole”.The fourth group was left as a positi

The aim of this study to mentioned the effect of pregnancy on blood parasitemia of some protozoal
infections and total, differential of white blood cells counts from 22 Awassi ewes 3-3.5 years age
naturally infected by Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale.
Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between the development of pregnancy stages
and the blood parasitemia till reach the highest levels during the last months (fourth and fifth) of
pregnancy of Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale 3±0.06%, 2.29±1% and 0.77±0.15%,
1.09±0.87% respectively.
The total white blood cells count decrease in the first month of pregnancy (5.780±0.54×10³
cell/mm³), while increased during the others which

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and supplementary feeding
on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes.
One hundred sixty Awassi ewes aged 3-5 years (Average live weight 47.41±0.76) were used in a
completely randomized design. Six weeks before mating ewes were screened for their body condition
score (BCS) and divided into two groups, low BCS (<2.0) and high BCS (>2.0) and ewes in each group
were subdivided according to BCS and to non-supplemented and supplemented groups (n=40 ewes
).Therefore, the four groups were:
1. Group (LBCN) = Low Body Condition Non-supplemented.
2. Group (LBCS) = Low Body Condition Supplemented.
3. Group (HBCN) = High Body Condition

The poultry industry faces increasing challenges from heat stress caused by global warming, particularly in tropical regions. Heat stress, caused by rising environmental temperatures, undermines the health and productivity of poultry, resulting in significant economic losses. This review comprehensively addresses the physiological and behavioural responses of poultry to heat stress and explores the key mitigation strategies, categorized under genetics, management and feeding. Genetic approaches, like utilizing specific genes in breeding, show promise but require wider adoption. Management practices such as housing design, including orientation, insulation and ventilation, controlled lighting and thermal manipulation are critical to maint