The brain of the sheep receives its blood supply through the carotid rete and the basilar artery

     Eleven adult local rabbits (6 female and 5male) were used for this study. The mandible were prepared to study the gross anatomical features. The main gross characteristics feature of the local rabbits mandible the ramus forms a broad, thin and flat plate, the surface of the ramus is greatly increased in its posteroventral portion to form the angle or angular process. The articular surface is elongated and carry on its caudodorsal end a slightly oblique condyloid process, this process in rabbit is raised much above the planes of the molar table and has a prolonged aspect in a longitudinal plan. In front of the shallow mandibular notch, the coronoid process is short and blunt process situated in front of mandibular

This study was carried out to identify the morphological, histological and histochemical features of the vagina of the adult guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). To perform such project, 14 adult guinea pigs at their diestrous period were bought from the local breeders directly. Animals were euthanized, dissected and subsequently specimens from the cranial, middle and caudal portions of the vagina were collected and fixed. Fixation was implemented by using 10% neutral buffered formalin and Bouin’s solution. Post routine processing such as dehydration, clearing, embedding and blocks preparation, tissue sections of 6 μm were prepared and stained by using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s Trichrome, Alcian blue and Peri

The aim of this study is to detected the morphology of the alimentary canal in two
freshwater fish species, Gattan Barbus xanthopterus and Grass carp Ctenopharyngodo idella
which belonged to cyprinidae.. Increasing in mouth width with body length. Generally
pharyngeal teeth arranged according to the following formulas. Gattan : 4-3-2 and 2-3-4
Grass carp: 2-5 and 4-2. Variations in the shape, size of pharyngeal teeth were noticed. They
appear short and wide compact in gattan, but hard and serrated, comb like in grass carp.
Different intestinal length were seen indicating differ in feeding natures.

The effect of oral dosing of bacterial suspension of two types of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus lactobacilli that locally isolate on some biochemical and physiological criteria of female rats blood were studied. Three isolates of L. bulgarious and three isolates of L. delbeakli were obtained from the laboratories at the college of educationBreeding/university of Tikrit. Bacterial suspension given as a single oral dose of 2 ml(13 x 108 cell \ ml) for seven day. The results showed no significant changes P≥0.05 in at the blood physiological variables, especially hemoglobin (Hb) , packed cell volume (PCV) ,and total number of white blood cells (WBCs) , while there were significant reduction in the blood biochemical variables,

Eighteen (18) anestrous bitches aged 3-6 years were used in this study. They were diagnosed clinically by external and vaginal examination and the bitches were divided randomly into three equal groups (6 bitches). The 1st group were treated I/M with 20 IU eCG / bitch for 6 days with single injection and 150 IU of hCG hormone /Bitch on day 7 . The 2nd group were treated I/M with 30 IU eCG / bitch for 6 days with single injection and 150 IU of hCG hormone /bitch on day 7, and the 3rd group were treated I/M with 40 IU eCG / bitch for 6 days with single injection and 150 IU of hCG hormone /bitch on day 7. Results showed that the number responded (show proestrus bleeding) were 83.3%, 100% and 83, 3% for the 1st,2nd and 3rd group respectively.

هدفت التجربة دراسة مدى تأثر قياسات قيم صفتين إنتاجيتين في أغنام العواسي المحلية وهما معدل الزيادة الوزنية (كغم) الأسبوعية وطول خصلة الصوف (سم) المنتج لأجل اعتماد قيم قياسات تلك الصفتين في أمكانية تحديد (درجة المقاومة الذاتية ودرجة الاستعداد) للإصابة بالخمج التجريبي المشترك بمثقبيات الكبد والديدان السلكية لغرض انتخاب وتربية السلالة المحلية (الأكثر مقاومة ذاتية واقل استعدادا للإصابة) كأحد طرق السيطرة على ال

The present study is conducted to in restigate the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the impact of ultraviolet on the bacterial isolates under study and the resistance of these isolates to ultraviolet are studied in comparison to two standard isolates ( E . coli and Staphylococcus aureus ) which are considered sensitive to ultraviolet . The natures of the resistance of the isolates, under study, are also being investigated against the different antibiotics. The isolates are subjected to a test to examine their sensitivity to (12) types of antibiotics used routinely in the treatment of various infection of these bacteria. They are (streptomycin , cephalothin ,Gentamycin , cefotaxime ,nitrofurantion ,ampicillin, amoxicillin, rifampin, linco

Two flocks of sheep and goats (30 and 35 animals) were vaccinated by locally produced S19 vaccine, each animal instilled with 2 X 109 cfu in each drop conjunctively. From each flock, a group of 10 heads was used to study the immune response serologically at intervals 2, 4, 6, 8, and 19 week through blood samples using the rose bengal plate test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) to determine Ab titres. The results of RBPT were 100% positive till 6 and 8 weeks in sheep and goats respectively, while SAT showed means of Ab titer after vaccination 100, 84, 47, 21, and 7 in sheep while in goats reached 144, 192, 100, 62, and 13. Also, the cellular immune response was evaluated by prepared Peptidoglycan Brucellin (PGB), which was inject

This study was conducted to determine the biological effects of both Artemisia herba alba and
Urtica dioica on the pathogenesis of Eimeria tenella, so 150 broilers, 7days old (Ross breed)
were used, divided randomly into 6 groups. The first fourth groups include 30 chicks for each
group, while fifth and sixth groups have 15 chicks for each, consider as positive and negative
groups.The first five groups infected orally with 1000 oocysts of E.tenella directly into the crop
at 17 days old. Histopathological examination of cecae in the treated groups with Urtica dioica
revealed moderate mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration, while sever lymphocytic aggregations
were seen in the treated group of water extract comparing wi

The aim of the study is to isolation and diagnose types of external parasites and
diagnosis in some family members Columbidae and seasonal distribution of these
parasites and the effect of temperature and humidity on the different infection rates are also
examining the relationship of sex and incidence of external parasites
Study was conducted to detect parasitic infections in some types of foreign family
erythematosus where The results revealed that infestation of pigeons with one type of flies
Pseudolynchia canariensis with total infestation rate was 3.33%, the highest infestation rate
was in March (13.04%) and the lowest infestation rate was in December (3.12%), this record
is consider a first record in Baghdad

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Vitamin C (450 mg/kg diet) and sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg diet) in adult white Leghorn male chickens (30 weeks of age), whose concomitantly exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) supplemented with drinking water for 6 weeks on reproductive performance. Semen were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 6weeks, The study results showed that hydrogen peroxide treatment caused a significant decrease in the body weight, sperm concentration, mass motility and individual motility during experimental period. Also a decrease in testosterone and testis glutathione concentration at the 6th week of the treatment, accompanied with a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperm

The aim of this study is to follow the changes in proteins and some enzyme activities in
Cyprinus carpio were exposed Fish intestine of common carp exposed to magnetized water.
to magnetized water for 8 days. Magnetic intensities of 750, 1500 and 3000 gauss were used
to magnetize water. The activities of enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, ALT
and AST) were followed in the fish intestine. Besides, an electrophoresis change in esterase
enzyme was used to fallow. Activities of all enzymes were increased in the intestine of fish
exposed to magnetized water. A new bands of esterase were induced which stained with alpha
naphthyl acetate on polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis, while no changes in protein bands

درست طبيعة تركيب مجتمع الاسماك في بحيرة سد دوكان شمال العراق للمدة من كانون الأول2007 ولغاية تشرين الثاني في تموز º م 31 في كانون الثاني واعلى درجة حرارة كانت º م 5.6 .تم قياس درجة حرارة الماء و كانت اقل درجة حرارة 2112 غم/لتر) اثناء 1.33 غم/لتر) اثناء شباط واعلى قيمة ( 1.16 . تميزت مياه البحيرة بانها من المياه العذبة وسجلت اقل ملوحة ( 2112 ملغم/لتر) في كانون 5.6 ملغم/لتر) وادنى تركيز ( 12. كانت مستويات الاوكسجين المذاب عالية وسجلت

A total of 15 Turkish- Awassi rams at ages ranged 2 - 2.5 years, and their weight ranged
between 79.5 – 80.3 kg, Rams were randomly divided into 3 equal groups of 5 rams each
group. The first group were taken1000 while the second group were taken 2000 gauss
magnetic water, the third group were taken normal streaming water which is considered as a
(control group). Blood sample were taken at the beginning of the experiment, and repeated
every two weeks during the experimental period (four months). Results revealed that treated
the rams with magnetically treated water resulted in significantly decreased (p<0.01) in
cholesterol (1.78-4.08), triglycerides (0.94-0.054), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (1.4-0.2),
Very

Trichomonas gallinae causes avian trichomoniasis, which is one of the most common protozoan infections in birds worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and identify the Trichomonas gallinae in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) by microscopic examination (direct smear and Giemsa stain) and histopathological examination in Baghdad city, Iraq, during the period from beginning of October 2018 to end of March 2019. Giemsa-stained cytoplasm with light purple and nucleus with dark purple, clarification of flagella, nucleus, and cytoplasm very well. Histopathological findings of infected birds showed gross existence of yellowish white caseous necrotic material in the oral cavity and eso

The increasing rate of resistance development for commonly used antibiotics have led to search for newer, more effective, affordable and easily available medicine. Medicinal plants have revived as a consequence of current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Aqueous extracts of nine plants (pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint) were qualitatively and quantitatively examined against twenty microbial isolates, mostly food borne including pathogens. (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans) antimicrobial screening was done by agar diffusion (well diffusion) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Among the screened plants, cloves were the most inhibitor against isolat

Analysis of the decayed apples (van. Starking delicious), collected from the local
market, for patulin mycotoxin, using column chromotography and TLC Plates showed
that the presence of the amount of patulin mycotoxin in the mouldy tissues (1.3 , 2.5 ,
3.4 , 4.2, 5.5, and 6.4 ) cm in diameters were (5.1, 5.8, 6.3, 10.5, 12.3, and 14 ) μg
patulin/g moldy tissues respectively. According to this research also, Patulin
mycotoxin could diffused to the surrounding mouldy tissues. It is found that (0.5and
0.2), (1.0 and 0.5), and (1.5 and 0.5) μg patulin/g tissues in the first and second
centimeters after mouldy tissues 4.2, 5.5 and 6.4 cm respectively, this phenomenon
due to the presence of intracellular spaces in the

Thirty-three fecal samples from cats were examined for the presence of Toxoplasma oocysts,

Four hundred, one day old chicks, of four hybrids, were divided into four

Repeated breeder dairy cows (96) were used in this study. They were diagnosed clinically as

     The aim of the present study is to establish the relationship between gestational age and placentome measurement via real-time ultrasound. This study is conducted in the college of Veterinary Medicine at Diyala University. Seventeen multiparous does were synchronized for estrus and naturally served to obtain pregnancy and subsequently scanned using both transducers. Ultrasonic (U.S) examination was performed transabdominally (TA) with sector-probe (5MHz) and transrectally (TR) with linear-probe (7.5MHz), in 10 day interval done started from day 35-135 post mating. The placentome was observed for the first time on day 35 by using TR ultrasonic examination (7.5MHz) linear transducer, as echogenic d

To induce copper deficiency in sheep 15 Awassi ewes were choosen from the
veterenary medicine collage and randomly divided into three equal groups for the
experimental period (18 weeks).
the 1st group were fed on balanced concentrated diet with low level of copper
(2.6) mg/day was used to feed the primary deficiency group while the 2nd group
were fed on a balanced concentrated diet contained 5.2 mg/day copper in addition
of the green food and the protein ratio and energy level were considered. The
secondary deficiency group received an oral mixture of ammonium molybdate
100 mg with 1 g of sodium sulphate in 100 ml of water daily.
Wool samples from the ewes and their lambs were collected to study the
hanges i

The present study was done in different period to study the pathological effects of different doses of Cobalt – 60 radiation which represent an example of gamma rays in white rats by study the pathological & cytogentic changes. Two groups of rats exposure ,first : C0 50 second C- 150 gray for (0,30,45,90)days and the 3rd group control .The results show significant increased P<0.01 in micronuclei with high dose (C-150). Chromosomal aberration and SCE showed significant P<0.01 increased mostly in C-150 at (45 7 90)days of exposure with frequency of breaks ,dicentric , acentric and ring shape with significant reduction in mitotic index (MI)and replicative (RI) index. Pathological changes revealed that increased and enlargement w

Recent reports shown that the supplementation of the broiler ration with a
probiotic leads to an ideal microbial balance in the intestinal microflora of their
gastrointestinal tract. Such balance, however, would reflect on their health and
performance. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two
probiotic products, Biomin and Iraqi probiotic, on the broiler performance
characteristics. A total of 500 Lohman broiler chicks, one day old, were
randomly distributed into five dietary groups as follow:
T1: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Biomin (1.5 Kg/ Ton diet).
T2: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Biomin. (3 Kg/ Ton diet)
T3: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Iraqi probiotic. (2.5 Kg/

This study was conducted to investigate the Influence of feeding different types feed blocks as supplementary feed on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes grazing cereal stubble. These types were feed blocks enriched with cottonseed meal (CSM) or Brewers’ grain (BG) as sources undegradable protein (UDP). Ninety-six Awassi ewes (mean live weight 42.2 Kg), aged 3-4 years were allocated into three groups according to ewes live weight and body condition score.
Group (C): Control (No Supplement) stubble grazing only.
Group (FBC): FB enriched with CSM supplement plus stubble grazing.
Group (FBB): FB enriched with BG supplement plus stubble grazing.
All ewes were run as one flock during cereal stubble grazing. The feed bloc

This study designed to know the immuno suppressor effect of aflatoxins
and the efficacy of levamisole to reduce these effects in the titer of antibodies
and protection against challenge for Newcastle disease vaccine in chickens.
This trail include three groups, first group fed on ration free from
aflatoxins contamination, Second group fed on ration contaminated with
aflatoxins, while the third group fed on the same ration of second group and
given levamisole via drinking water with the dose of 10mg/kg of body weight.
All groups vaccinated twice against Newcastle disease at 10 and 20 days
of age. The immunity evaluated by ELISA test at 6, 19, 31 days of age and
challenged at 32 days old.
The results indicate

Three types of locally isolated Pasteurella multocida antigenes namely the whole sonicated bacteria (WSB) the bacterial cell wall (BCW) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of bacteria were prepared as a vaccine . Each type of antigenes was used in 3 concentrations that are 10⁷, 10⁹ and 10¹¹ Colony Forming Units / bird for WSB and 250,500 and 750 mg/bird for BCW and LPS. Each of the prepared concentrations was injected subcutaneously into a group of  broiler breeder chickens and one group was left as a control . The groups were vaccinated 2 times at 10 and 18 weeks. The progress of immune response was monitered throughout a passive haemagglutination, an agar gel immunodiffusion, delayed type hyp

     This study  was designed to investigate the protective effect of Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on kidney damage induced by methionine overload in adult female rabbits. Twenty four  adult female local rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups, and they were treated daily for 42 days,as fallow: the first group (C): rabbits  were received ordinary corn oil orally, serving as control, while aniamls in the second  group T₁ were intubated with methionine (100 mg/kg BW) orally and animals in third group (T₂)  were intubated with methionine (100mg/kg BW) plus pometon (30mg/kg BW) diluted in corn oil wihle, rabbits in

The experiment was carried out at animal farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University from 1/July /2009 up to 28/February2010.Twenty Awssi male Lambs were equally divided into four groups and each animal fed on concentrate diets 2% of body weight with grazing for 3-5 hours a day. The first group(C) was kept as control group , the second group (N) was daily fed with same amount of concentrate diet contain 7.5% ground Nigella sativa seeds , third group (F) also fed with same amount contain 7.5% ground fenugreek seeds ,while the fourth group(NF) group fed the 2% concentrate diet supplemented with both (7.5% of Nigella sativa and 7.5% fenugreek seeds respectively ) as group feeding .
The results revealed that using Nigella sat