This study was undertaken to prepare Heat Killed Candida albicans Antigen (HK-CA) and to investigate it's effect on elicitation of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH) and protection from virulent Candida challenged in mice, and described the major effect of Nocardia on the immunogenicity of this Ag.Four groups of 6 males Swiss mice for each group were immunized intraperitonialy(I.p)for 10 days at 5 doses(one day intervals) with 1x108 HK-CA plus Nocardia cell sap as adjuvant(CFA),the second group immunized with HK-CA plus Freund incomplete adjuvant,the third group immunized with HK-CA only and the fourth group treated with normal saline. Another group of 6 animals was immunized intranasally(I.n)with HK-CA only with the same doses as previ

Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing involves the application of pulses of voltage for less than one second to fluid products placed between two electrodes. So this study was conducted for the quantitative assessments of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. The control and PEF treated samples were prepared by inoculating 10 ml of freshly thawed culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12 into 990 ml of sterile 0.1% (wt/v) peptone water and treated in a pilot plant PEF system (OSU-4M). The treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 μs, pulse period of 0.5 second, voltage of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 μs and f

Magnetic therapy was applied in the present study, which play two roles; as antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus auras, Streptococcus spp, Klebsialla ,and Pseudomona ) and as stimulator to tissue repair.24 rabbits were used in this study, they divided into two groups; 1st group(treated group) contains 20 rabbits, 2nd group (control group) contains 4 rabbits, the last subdivided into two subgroup (standard control subgroup and sham-control subgroup, the left side of all animals in control group is standard control subgroup, while the left side is sham-control subgroup). After surgery to all, the wounds were exposed to pulsed magnetic field except standard control subgroup, they healed with conventional treatment, 1st group(trea

The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that two isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from five soft cheese samples that were manufactured locally according to the farmers production procedure .Colonies of E.coli O157:H7 were isolated from raw milk samples by a conventional direct plating on selective enrichment CT-SMAC agar and tested serologically for the presence of O157 and H7 antigens using the commercial available latex agglutination kits .The results revealed that E.coli O157:H7 was resist to the crude bacteriocin that was extracted from L .acidophilus isolate NO.1 due to the nature of their cell wall, while when the outer membrane of E.coli O157:H7 was injured by cooling at 4°C for 6 hours , the

This study was carried out during May-October 2010 to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and children in rural areas around Mosul, north of Iraq. A total of 78 faecal samples were taken from calves which were no more than one year old. Information about age, consistency of faeces (as diarrheic or normal) and contact with human were recorded. At the same time, 95 stool samples were taken from children aged one month to 12 years old suffering from diarrhea and living in the same farms where the samples of calves have been collected. All samples were stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain and Auramine O techniques to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results revealed that the prevalence of

The study was conducted in 4 districts regions in Wasit province during May – August 2010 to investigate the percentage of sheep and goat infestation ; out of 366 animals , 69 (18.85 %) were infested with total general tick mean 2.15 ; infested sheep were more prevalent 79.71% than goats 20.28% ; Highest no. of infestation were found in August 49.27% and June 24.63% . Two species of ticks , Rhipicephalus turanicus 94% on both sheep and goats , while Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum only on sheep 6% were recorded. According to species of animal, sheep in azizia shows highest infestation in august (34.78%) followed by Suwara in june (14.49%) ; and for goat in azizia shows the highest infestation in may (7.24%) . There is significant differ

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported,

This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes of Indomy pasta for 30 days on lung, kidney and spleen of albino rats. fifteen adult albino rats 200-220 gm was divided into 3 groups: The first group was considered as control group. The second group was fed with Indomy every other day for 30 days; the third group was fed with Indomy every day for 30 days. The histopathogical examination of the kidney show congestion of blood vessels and infiltration with neutrophil in lumen, The histopathological examination of lung showed hyper atrophy of masculares layer of the bronchiole with sever inflammatory cell infiltration mainly neutrophil and mononuclear cell in the wall of bronchioles, and with lumen of the alveoli with fibrous c

Two isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from locally homemade soft cheese and identified in accordance with their main features as described by bergeys manual of determinative bacteriology .Agar well diffusion bioassay was used for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity of cell free supernatant (culture filtrates) of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates against the sensitive strain Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and the diameter of the inhibition zone was proportional to the bacteriocin concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin was proportional to the reciprocal of the highest dilution factor producing a detectable zone of inhibition . The storage temperature of the crude bacteriocin had a significant(

The current study was conduct to determine the effects of oral treatment of sweet Almond Suspension (SAS) on induced arthritis by Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA).
Seventy mice, with close age and weight were used; they were equally divided in to 7 groups (10 mice per group). The first group served as negative control (non infected – non treated (NINTC). The second group was the positive control (infected non treated, (NINTC) the third and fourth groups were those treated with 1.42 or 2.84 g/kg of SAS respectively. The fifth group was treated with voltarin (ITV), while the sixth and seventh groups were treated with the same closes of SAS but before infection (Prophylactic infected groups, PI1, PI2).The size of knee joint, carrag

In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of Neem (Azadirachtaindica)
seed aqueous, ethanolic extracts and Candida albicans cell wall mannoproteins on the
immune response of mice vaccinated with Brucella Rev-1 vaccine was investigated. The
study was conducted on two main groups(160 mice for each group), Each group was
divided into eight subgroups 20 mice for each (I: treated with distilled water, II: treated
with the Brucella Rev-1 vaccine, III: treated with mannoproteins, IV: treated with neem
aqueous extract, V: treated with neemethanolic extract, VI, VII and VIII: treated with
mannoproteins, neem aqueous extract and neemethanolic extract, respectively, then they
were vaccinated with Brucella Rev-1). All

The in vitro sensitivity testing of mastitis pathogens, associated with udder infections in cows,

The pathological and histochemical changes inthe lung of ten guinea pigs have been investigated after using viable Nocardia asteroides in a dose of 1.5*10⁸ cfc, thebacteria was injected intrapulmonary. Lesions of pyogranuloma were developed. Histochemical studies showed that the granules of goblet cells and mucos glands of lung contain a mixture of neutral and sialomucin normal animal , these types of mucin changed to sialomucin and sulfomucin inthe infected animals.

   Study was conducted on 149 case of cross breed bovine dystocia referred to Department of Theriogenology,

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RB51 vaccine in immunization of goats against brucellosis although it is a specific vaccine for cattle, fifteen pregnant and non-pregnant goats were divided into three groups, 5 goats were injected subcutaneously(S/C) with 2 mls of RB51 vaccine which contain 4 × 108 CFU , 5 goats were vaccinated through conjunctival route (C/J) with 0.2 ml of RB51 which contain 4 × 108 CFU , and the last 5 goats were injected with PBS and kept as control group. It has been ascertained that no abortion occurred in the vaccinated animals except one case of a weak kid was born in S/C vaccinated group. Humeral immune response for the vaccinated animals measured by serological test (Rose Bengal and Passiv

A total of 150 blood samples were collected from dogs and examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which was used to detect the 16S RNA gene of Anaplasma platys and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Subsequent analysis of the PCR amplicons was achieved by nucleotides sequencing of some positive samples. Totally, the findings show the presence of PCR products (i.e., Anaplasma spp. infection) in 12/150 (8.0%) of the dogs under study. While 5/150 (3.33%) of the cases were A. platys, 7/150 (4.66%) were A. phagocytophilum. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the identity of the amplified genes whose sequences were compared with other references belong to 15 of 16S rRNA gene of A. platys and 14 references of

 The isolation and identification of the bacterium  L.monocytogenes among abortion in pregnant women were investigated in this researc

Pharamcokinetic studies were performed for gentamicin sulphate at single dose of 5 mg/kg compared with

Twenty chicks at (45) days old were used and divided into two equal groups ,

Twenty rats were divided equally into four groups, housed separately in special metabolic cages.

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of L. acidophilus LA-K. The treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 µs, pulse period of 0.5 second, voltage of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 µs and flow rate of 60 ml/min at 40.5°C PEF treatment temperature. The control was passed through the PEF system at the same flow rate (60 ml/min) without receiving any pulsed electric field condition. The acid tolerance was determined every 30 minutes for 120 minutes of incubation in acidified MRS broth at pH 2. Growth of the culture was determined hourly for 32 hours of incubation at 37°C in MRS broth. The bile tolerance was determined

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of six local medicinal plant ethanolic extracts (Quercus robur, Vitis vinifera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ginger officinale, Thymus vulgaris, and Coriandrum sativum) on the growth of Proteus spp. in vitro. For this purpose, graduate concentrates for each extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/mL) were prepared and tested. The result showed that all the studied medicinal plants have antibacterial activity against Proteus spp., with the exception of Coriandrum sativum, which did not show any inhibitory activity against the growth of the studied bacteria in vitro. And the more active plant in inhibiting the growth of the studied ba

The present study was designed to demonstrate the effect of crude alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) on some physiological and immunological parameters in male rats treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Twenty rats were divided randomly into four equal groups and treated for (30) days as follows: control group (c) which were given ordinary tap water, first treated group (G1) was given 1% H2O2 in drinking water, the second treated group (G2) was given alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) by oral intubation, third treated group(G3) was given H2O2 and polyphenol. Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters: Total WBC count, the percentage of WBC differential count (

The stomach, small and large intestine of 140 donkeys were examined for Gastrophilus larvae. The rate of infection

This study was conducted to investigate the protective role of polyphenolic compounds extracted from olive (Oleaeuropae) to contrast the damaging effects of 1% hydrogen peroxide on liver functions in male rats. Crude polyphenolic compounds were extracted from fruits of black olive by 95% methanolic extraction method. Twenty adult male rats (200-220gm.) were randomly divided into four equals groups and treated daily for 30 days. Rats in the first group received tap water (orally)and considered as control group, animals of second group received 1% H2O2 in drinking water . The rats in the third group received 1% H2O2 in drinking water plus 200mg/kgB.W. of crude polyphenolic compounds while animals in the fourth group received 200mg/kg B.W.

   تعد جرثومتي (M.haemolytica و P.multocida ) من العوامل الرئيسة المسببة لأمراض الجهاز التنفسي في الابقار والاغنام والماعز و أحد اهم أسباب الخسائر الاقتصادية التي لحقت بهذه الحيوانات. استخدمت اللقاحات المتاحة تجاريا للوقاية من الاصابات التي تسببها هاتين الجرثومتين , لذلك كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم كفاءة الحماية التصالبية لنوعين من اللقاحات لحماية الفئران ضد جرثومة M.haemolytica  وذلك من خلال دراسة المناعة الخل

        هدف الدراسة هو نتاج مركز بروتيني محور من الألياف العضلية لأسماك الجري Silurus triostegus ودراسة تركيبه الكيميائي وخواصه الوظيفية والحسية عند خزنه لمدة 35 يوماً في درجة حرارة المختبر 25-30 °م، واستعماله في الانظمة الغذائية إذ كانت النسبة المئوية للحاصل 18.6%، أما المحتوى الكيميائي للمركزالمحور المحضر فقد لوحظ أنّه احتوى على نسبة عالية من البروتين ومنخفضة من الرطوبة والرماد والدهن  ولطيلة

Autopsy study of 218 (106 male and 112 female) animals slaughtered in Baghdad ( Al-ZAWRA ) Zoo, of central Iraq (Diyala, Wasit, Baghdad) .The total infection rate of Setaria equina was 11.9% and the highest infection rate (22.2%) was recorded in October, where is no infection in January, February and August. It has been observed that the high infection rate (14.5%) during the months of spring and autumn (18.8%) and decrease in winter and summer 3.6% and 10%. Female donkeys with a higher proportion (13.5%) than male10.3% respectively differences ( P < 0.05 ).Worm intensity ranged between 1-6 worm and was shown high worm burden in Autumn and Spring fallowed by Summer and finally Winter seasons, which no infection was recorded in some mo

This experiment conducted for studying the effects of crushed cinnamon and ginger to the diet at levels 0.1, 0.3, 0.6% in the bacterial growth of gastrointestinal tract of the quail. Ninety birds one day age divided randomly into ten transactions as 9 birds per treatment (three birds per duplicate). The numbers of bacteria, total aerobic bacteria in the colon of feces of birds were calculated, the results showed a significant reduction in the number of aerobic bacteria and the numbers of bacteria in the colon. Proportionally increase in the levels of crushed cinnamon, ginger, individually or in combination in comparison the control group showed influence inhibitory to the numbers of bacteria in the colon and aerobic bacteria when you add

The present study was conducted on onc hundred twenty non-lactating COWS located in two dif