In this study a fabrication of three groups of biological system for bone scaffold, which consist of first group samples (Acrylic bone cement: % X poly methyl meth acrylate ), second group samples (poly methyl meth acrylate: % X Acrylic bone cement), with selected weight percentages of second material are (5, 10,15 and 20 % wt.) and third group, (Acrylic bone cement: 15 % poly methyl meth acrylate : % X starch) with selected weight percentage ratios of starch are (2, 4 and 6 %wt.). In vitro biological activity and water absorption have been studied. The results clarified that the in vitro biological activity test showed that all fabricated samples have no biological influence on the gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram negat

This study was performed to detect the effective laboratory method for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp.

From dijila river ,weakly five fishes liza abu were caught for aperiod of
six month. For (120) liza abu afull sensitive investigations were carried out
(general conditions , PH , nutritive value). Investigation results indicated that
;The general condition averagad 0.96 and the calorific value averaged (167.45
kcal/100g ). The main length & wight were (21.79)cm and 100.32gm
respectively . The main value of moisture , protein , fat , ash ,dry matter ,organic
matter , nitrogen free extract and crude fiber were 72.5% , 16.48% ,7.2% ,1.3%
,27.5% ,26.2% ,2.5% respectively
Conclusion
There were no significant differences in the result of the investigation carried
during experimantel period.

study of KALA-AZAR cases in Iraq was conducted during July 2004 , to study the epidemiologi

This study aimed to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infections in fertile eggs using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Real-Time PCR. A total of 62 yolk samples were collected from August 2022 to April 2023. Of these, 31 samples (50%) were tested positive for antibodies via ELISA, while 13 samples (21%) were positive using Real-Time PCR. Specifically, 10 samples (16.12%) were positive for MG, and 3 samples (4.83%) were positive for MS, indicating a higher incidence of MG than MS in the hatcheries examined. The results suggest that maternal antibodies detected by ELISA may confer protection to chicks against MG and MS. This study confirms the vertical transm

Cryptosporidium is one of the most common protozoan’s parasites with remarkable infectivity of a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) act as a potential reservoir for several species of Cryptosporidium because they live in close proximity to humans. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in domestic pigeons in Iraq. A total of one hundred samples obtained from feces of domestic pigeons in Babylon province were included. After being exposed to microbial examination, all fecal samples were subsequently screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the possible recognition of Cryptosporidium species. Microsc

This study was conducted in Al-Alam region, which is located in Salah Al-Din Governorate, on first month pregnant Iraqi local cows (n-10). The follow up extended from the first month of pregnancy up to the end of the first month post-parturition during that some clinical and biochemical parameters were measured in the serum. Blood samples from the jugular vein of cows were collected monthly for the whole period of experiment and divided into four stages: early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, late pregnancy, and early lactation immediately after birth. It was observed that the temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate increased gradually and significantly (P≤0.05) with the progress of pregnancy reaching to its

Pharmacokinetics parameters of ciprofloxacin were calculated from constructed plasma disappearing curves (PDC)

     The study was carried out to evaluate histological changes induced by Aluminum chloride in Wistar rats. Forty rats were uniformly divided into two different groups: The control group were given distilled water during period of experiment and the first group were given oral daily dose of Aluminium chloride (37 mg\kg B.W). After 60 days of treatment rats were sacrificed. Liver, kidney and spleen were processed and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin the lesions of these organs were characterized by degeneration, necrosis, and congestion which meant that Aluminum chloride was nephrotoxic as well as hepatotoxic in nature. Microscopic examination results showed that Aluminum chloride exposure was harmful to the histol

    In this study a pyloroplasty technique was designed by using a single layer simple interrupted extra-mucosal suture pattern on pyloric region in dogs. Nine adult dogs were used to induce longitudinal surgical incision in the pyloric region under general anesthesia using a combination of 15mg/kg B.W. ketamine hydrochloride 5% and 5 mg/kg B.W Xylazine hydrochloride 2%. The incision was closed by pyloroplasty technique (longitudinal incision for whole layers with transverse suturing) using single layer simple interrupted extra mucosal technique. The examination achieved by daily clinical observation, radiological finding, at the end of 21^st day post operation, macroscopical and histopathological examination at

من اوراق نبات الطرطيع glycosides والكلايكوسيدات alkaloidsتم استخلاص القلويدات schanginia حيث استخدمت التراكيز التالية Lashmania major ودراسة تأثيرها على نمو بروماستكوت اللشمانيا الجلدية aegyptiaca ملغم/مل ) لكل من القلويدات والكلايكوسيدات فأظهرت النتائج ان القلويدات المستخلصة من نبات 25 , 10 , 5 , 1 , 0.1 ( للشمانيا الجلدية promastigote ملغم/مل) ذات تأثير فعال أقوى على نمو الشكل المسوط الأولي 5الطرطيع بتركيز ( %( صفرا بعد أربعة أيام من التنمية وبين

The objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the tympanic cavity in cattle and buffalo and to be recognize all parts of the tympanic cavity for its clinical purposes. There are general anatomical explanation about the middle ear in anatomy text book, however there are no studies in the literature on the morphology of the tympanic cavity in the buffalo, the region is important clinically as a frequent point of attachment for prostheses. As a recent studies have focused on the reconstruction of defects occurring in these tympanic cavity to aid in the development of new surgical technique. Twelve temporal bones from six heads of adult cattle and buffalo were used, the cavity had been investigated on both si

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed restricted (off-feeding intervals) on feed intake, water intake, body weight gain, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and dressing percentage of broilers. Two hundred fourty, one day old unsexed, (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups. Each group included three replicates each one had 20 birds. Those assigned as; Control group (T1): birds were fed ad libtium, T2 group feed removed from 8 Am. to 4 Pm., T3 group feed removed from 4 Pm. to 8 Am., T4 group feed removed 8 Am. to 8Am. (skip-a day) all birds were allowed to access feed for above intervals for 8-21 days of age, and re-full fed for the remaining of experiment period 42 days

This report documents an outbreak of contagious ecthyma in adult Iraqi sheep with high morbidity and low mortality. The clinioal f

The incidence of gross ovarian diseases were survid by studying 500 specimens obtained from Babylon slaughter house. The results of the study indicated that the incidence of the ovarian hypofunction (15.2%) was the highest, followed by cystic ovaries (2.8%), whereas the incidence of the ovarobursal adhesions was low (1.8%), while that of the parovarian cysts and cystic corpora lutea were lowest (1%). Additionally, the dimensions and content of the normal ovaries were included in the present study.

Some of somatic and flageller antgens from both the human and animal isolates were prepared,
and were used to Immunize a group of rabbits by intravenous injections at an upgrading doses.The
results of this immunization showed the gaining of an excellent hyperimmune serum. With the use
of absorptions technique amonospecific antiserum was obtained for the specific injected antigenes, the
standardization of the antibodies showed a highly immune response reading. 1: 2560 , 1: 5120 to H:I
and O: 4.5 Antigens respectively for both antisera.
This study showed the report for the 1st time the preparation for diagnostic kit for somatic and flagellar
antigens to S. typhimurium comparing this method to Widal test with a good res

To study the bacterial contamination of table eggs in Babylon city, a total of 214 eggs collected from different sources, including 100 from farms and 114 from supermarkets, all samples were cultured for the bacteria on Salmonella Shigella Agar(SS Agar) and nutrient agar. The results of the farms samples showed that there are no growth of bacteria in all samples under study whereas the results of supermarkets samples showed that about 21.05% of supermarkets eggs were contaminated with bacterial strains, and the results showed the presence of Stahylococcus aureus in 10.52% of the samples, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 7.89%, a Proteus mirabilis in 3.50%, S. epidermidis in 0.87% and Bacillus subtilis in 0.87%. Also, the antibiotic sensitivity

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different hormonal treatments protocols (PGF2α ,GnRH, estradiol and progesterone) hormones on reproductive performance of postpartum anoestrus native dairy River buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), endemic south of Baghdad under field conditions . Present study was conducted on 128 animals that had postpartum anoestrus (PPA) for a period between 4 to 8 months. The animals were subjected to two experiments according to the type of anoestrus. In the first experiment 94 animals (73.5%) with persistent corpus luteum on their ovaries without any signs of estrous (sub-oestrus) were classified into two sub-groups.Sub-group1 (n=47) treated with PGF2α hormone alone and sub-group 2 (n= 47) were treated by tw

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and season on the epididymal sperm and level of testosterone in camel. A total 103 camel testes samples were collected from Al-Najaf slaughter house during a cold season (December 2012, January and February 2013) and moderatehot season (March, April and May, 2013). Testes were divided into 3 Gs according to camel age, G1 included the testes of 2-3years, G 2 (3 – 4years) and over 4 years (G 3). Blood samples were collected for determination of serum testosterone level. The sperms were obtained from the tail of epididymis from all animals groups and the results of the sperms individual motility percentage was increased at the level of (P< 0.05) significantly with age progress in

     Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptable level of AFM1 in milk (50 ng/kg) imposed by the European legislation. The raw milk samples belonged to animals fed with

Four Friesian bulls 3-6 Years old four Friesian heifers 18-24months old were used in this study. Three bulls were injected with 3 ml 3 davs old Mycoplasma bovigenitalium strain AL culture. One bull served as a control which recived broth only. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium organisms serologically similar to the injected strain was isolated from the experimental bulls. All the bullsshowed clinical signs of seminal vesiculitis with varying degress. Two of the infected bulls were left to service 4 clean virgin heifers for four months. All heigers required more than three services to concieve. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium serologically similar to the experimental strain was isolated from three cows at different periods.

This study was undertaken to evaluated vaccinating pregnant cows with "coligen" produced by "Fort Dedge Co." against colibacillsosis in newly born calves. The vaccine was given twice in the last two months of pregancy. Another group of pregnant cows were used as a control. Titration of antibodies was done in the sera and colostrum of the vaccinated and controlled animals and also in the sera of the newly born calves. There was significant rising in antibodies (P<0.01)in the vaccinated animals. These antibodies were protective. Calves receiving colostrum from vaccinated animals were to a certain degree protected aginst colibacillosis. Challenge experiment showed that 36 out of 43 calf of the control group developed diarrheal condition

Burn is one of the most important conditions in veterinary and human medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the enhancing therapeutic effect of 790 nm diode laser on the burn healing.

Twenty-five rabbits (mean weight was 2.3 ± 0.03 kg) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, F, H and control group), each group consists of 5 animals. All groups were inflected with burn (scalds) by 99 degree of Celsius hot water applied for 30 seconds, on skin of the femoral region. Four groups were treated by laser and one group was without laser irradiation as a control group. The animals were treated by diode laser five times a week at different power density. The power density (PD) of 58.9 mW/cm² with exposure time 120 seconds was used

This study was carried on 24 adult multipara Iraqi ewes in experimental
farm related to College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad during
2005. This study revealed the effect of prostaglandin F2 during puerperium
period through the evaluation of vaginal epithelial cells by using vaginal smear
methods. Intramuscular injection of 1 ml prostaglandin F2 (Iliren®) (tiaprosttrometamol=
0.196mg) was done in the 4th days after parturition to 12 ewes. The
vaginal smears were taken in the 4th, 16th and 28th days. Histological
examination revealed that the intermediate epithelial cells were a predominant.
Keratinized cells were takes place in all epithelial cells. Vacuolations were
present in the cytopla

This study aimed to detect metabolites inhibition activity for three therapeutic
Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lb. acid.) , Lactobacillus reuteri
(Lb. reut.) and Bifidobacterium ssp. (Bif.) which were grown in whole milk and
Man Reqosa and Sharp (MRS) broth as single or double (Lb. acid. + Bif.) or
mixed (Lb. reut + Bif. + Lb. acid) culture Cell Free Extract (CFE) of these
culture which contained their metabolites of Lactic acid bacteria (exclusion Lb.
reut.) showed good inhibition against four species of pathogenic Escherichia
coli ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Proteus volgaris and Staphylococcus aureus.
inhibition activity against E. coli culture showed that 72 hours was the best
incubation tim

The clinical, microbiologic and pathologic findings of swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in Iraq are reported in this study. A consistent clinical feature of this syndrome was swelling of the face. The facial subcutaneous tissue, conjunctivae and nictitating membranes were edematous. Microscopically, there was acute or chronic dermatitis and cellulitis characterized by necrosis of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, with infiltration by heterophils in acute cases and by macrophages and giant célls in chronic cases. Esherichia coli was constatnly isolated from the facial subcutaneous tissue.

Acitretin is the major metabolite of etretinate , an aromatic retinoid that formerly was approved for Psoriasis by exhibiting  vitamin A activity.  Acitretin was wildly used to improve plaque psoriasis  and also for postural psoriasis and  erthrodemic psoriasis .The present study focus on the evaluation of the common  side effects of acitretin which makes a wide hesitation for Iraqi dermatologists to use it in treatement of psoriasis. Twenty  psoriatic outpatient were treated with a dose of 25mg/ day for three continuous months in outpatient clinic of al- noor hospital during 2009 , their lipid profiles , liver and kidney function tests before starting treatment with acitretin considered as a control values.