This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using sodium
Hypochloride by the Iraqies housewives at different concentrations (2%, 3%)
and different dipping times (30, 60 and 90 minutes ) in order to reduce the
initial microbial counts , without any adverse effect on the organoleptic
characteristics of the treated minced meat. Bacterial counts in all samples of
meat were enumerated by standard method of miles and mirza technique before
and after treatment .The result showed that the treatment of meat with chlorine at concentration 2
% for 30 and 60 minute reduce the bacterial content on bacterial load ( colony
forming unit – cfu / ml) to a level which was significant from the Public health
point of

   يعتبر التصنيع البايولوجي للسلينيوم النانوي أمن ورخيص وصديق للبيئه ومن المواد غير السامة  وعلاوة على ذلك يكون السلينيوم النانوي  مستقرا بسبب   احتوا ئه  على الغطاء الطبيعي  من المواد العضويه والتي تمنع من حدوث  تراكمه مع مرور  الوقت , صممت هذه الدراسه للتحقق من  التوافر البايولوجي  لنانوات السلينيوم المحضرة بطريقه جديده باستعمال  العكبر  . تم استعمال 27 جرذا بالغا  وقسمت

The aim of this work was to establish the vital role of using vitamin B complex and/or vitamin C in the reproduction. Twenty female rabbits were used and they were divided randomly into four equal groups, all animals were fed 100 g of concentrate pellets diet/ head. The first group was offered drinking water free of vitamins, (control group), second group was supplied with water containing vitamin C (40 mg/ 100ml water/ head), third group was supplied with water containing vitamin B complex (0.5 ml/100ml/head), and fourth group was water supplied containing 20 mg of vitamin C and 0.25 ml of vitamin B complex/100 ml water/head. At the beginning of the experiment, male rabbits were introduced to the females for mating for one hour at morni

     The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) at different levels of biological organization in common carp Cyprinuscarpio following exposure for 30 days to a range of environmentally levels of mercuric chloride (0.01 and 0.02 mg L^-1) and recovery for 3 weeks. Prior to evaluation of genetic damage (determined in erythrocytes using comet assay), enzymatic activity (ALT and AST), hematological parameters and histopathological examination of gill.The maximum tolerated concentration also determined which was found to be 1.63 µg l-1 above which complete mortality over the exposure period was observed. The results indicated that there was a strong induction

In order to investigate the phytochemicals presence in the seeds of local plant of Datura stramonium rather than alkaloids. For this purpose two types of Datura stramonium extract were prepared. The first was precipitated by acetone and the other was destructed by ether then precipitated with ammonium sulphate. The first extract yielded 2.5gram/ 5 gram of seeds weight; while, the second extract yielded 1.23 gram/ 5 gram of seed weight. Biochemical tests exhibited that lectin and trace amounts of glycosides were presented in the acetone precipitated extract. Whereas, the ether extract contained lectin, tannin, flavonoids, and trace amounts of alkaloids

The aim of the present study is to investigate the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seeds in alloxan - induced diabetic rats. Forty male albino Wistar rats were used, divided randomly into four groups (10 each). Oral administration of the seed extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg B.W. for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose. Our results were greatly lower after oral administration of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seeds in alloxan- induced diabetic groups than glibenclamide treated group. Also Momordica charantia extract and glibenclamide administered rats showed progressive increase in body weight

     A comparison between two techniques of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy was studied to find the best technique for treating severe cholecystitis and to study the fate of the remaining part of the gallbladder. All experimental animals had inducing cholecystitis by clipping the cystic duct for five days which was enough for inducing cholecystitis in goats. 24 adult female goats were used in this study, which were divided randomly into two equal groups; subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cystic duct and cystic artery clipping by titanium clips (group A) and laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy with cystic duct clipping only (group B). Operations were performed under general anesthesia by using thiopent

     This experiment was carried out at Animal Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, from Mar. up to Sept. 2010. Twenty eight Awassi ram lambs of 4-5 months old were equally divided into four groups of similar body weight and fed 2% of concentrate diet of body weight with grazing for 3-4 hours a day. The first group (C) and the third group (V) were fed concentrate diet free of cumin seeds; while the second group (CU) and the fourth group (CV) were fed the same amount of concentrate diet contain 3% of cumin seeds. All animals were grazed daily for 3-4 hours as one group. The third and the fourth groups were vasectomized by close vasectomy operation at the beginning of the experiment.  The resul

The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic
extracts of Plantago lanceolata leafes in vitro and in vivo by inducing urinary tract infection in
rats which caused by urethra administration of S.saprophyticus isolated from human and
animals(cow and sheep)
These extracts showed significant effect (P<0.05) on the inhibition of the growth of
S.saprophyticus in vitro with the superiority of the concentration 200mg / ml of alcoholic
extract with the mean of inhibition zone diameter 30 mm against S.saprophyticus ,while zone
diameter was ( 26.5 ,21 ) mm due to the concentration 150, 100mg/ml respectively.
This study included the therapeutic role of doses 150 mg/kg . B.W. of 1.

The pharmacokinetic of chloramphenicol was studied in 8 calves .These calves were infected experimentally with Samonella typhimorium The

     The study includes six adult healthy hen turkey. The cloaca has three compartments separated by two circular folds and next to rectum is the coprodeum which the largest and measured (2.5±0.2cm) in length and (2.1±0.1cm) in diameter. The middle and smallest is the urodeum that measured about (1.01±0.2cm) in length and (1.2±1cm.) in diameter, that receives the ureter and left oviduct. Posteriorly, the proctodeum that measured about (1.4±0.1cm) in length and (1.6±1cm.) in diameter. The coprodeum mucosa has short and flat villi. The urodeum mucosa has tall branching pyramidal mucosal villi. The mucosa of proctodeum has lost the villi pattern. The three compartments were lined with mucous secreting columnar cell

Cryptosporidium is one of the most common protozoan’s parasites with remarkable infectivity of a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) act as a potential reservoir for several species of Cryptosporidium because they live in close proximity to humans. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in domestic pigeons in Iraq. A total of one hundred samples obtained from feces of domestic pigeons in Babylon province were included. After being exposed to microbial examination, all fecal samples were subsequently screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the possible recognition of Cryptosporidium species. Microsc

     This study aimed to investigate the immune responses (Cellular and humoral) to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eimeria tenella by using Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Test (Skin Test) and Tube Agglutination Test in sixteen local breed rabbits. Animals were divided into four equal groups; First group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (1000 µg/ml) of sonicated Eimeria tenella oocysts –SETO-ET), second group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (1000 µg/ml) of sonicated Whole Cells Klebsiella pneumoniae antigen –SKWC-KP), third group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (500 µg/ml of sonicated Eimeria tenella –SETO-ET and 500 µg/ml SKWC-KP).

IIn tthe prresentt rresearrch,, tthe patthollogiicall effffectt off CdCll2 rresiidue sttudy was
done on whiitte malle rrabbiitts.. 42 whiitte malle rrabbiitts werre rrandomlly diiviided iintto 2
grroups :: 1stt grroup iinclluded 30rrabbiitts werre giiven CdCll2 13 Mg // kg // day fforr 12
weeks viia drriinkiing watterr ..2nd grroup iinclluded 12rrabbiitts ffed on norrmall rrabbiitt diiett
..The ffollllowiing parrametterrs werre obserrved on tthe above grroups::
1-- Clliiniicall siigns:: Trreatted rrabbiitts showed,, vomiittiing and blloody diiarrrrhea ..
2-- Resiiduall iinvesttiigattiion on lliiverr and kiidney :: CdCll2 rresiidue prresentt morre
siigniiffiicantt iin lliiverr and kiidney mosttlly att 8 and 12 weeks :

Response to treatment of induced air sacculitis by a pathogenic strain of E coli with enrofloxacin when it was given

This field investigation has been coducted on 5l animals from different areas in baghdad

This study was designed to investgate - The Conformation

A six months survey (2-8/1994) was canied out to determine norcaiidal mastitis in cattle in certain dairy herds. A total 126 milk samples collected from mastitic‘ cows and milk tank. Of which 10 from Al-Khalis station, 15 from A1-Wahda station, 6 from White Good village, 90 from Al-Dejaila station and 5 fromMilktauk. Examination of the samples result in isolation of Norcaitlia asteroides from Al-Dejaila station.

The results explained that 25 animals were positive for norcaridal infection with prevalence of 20.8 % of these 25 cases, 5 cases, in pure cultural and 20 cases, mixed with other organisms. Bacteriological examination of mill: tank also resulted in positive for norcaridial isolates.

Metastasis to the lung and su

 The thyroid gland of Moorhen has two separated lobes. These lobes were located

The complement fixation test (CFT) and the direct fluorescent ant

Pancreatic islets of Turkey were different from those of mammals. It is divided into alpha, beta and mixed types according to the ground of cellular composition

Incidence of bacterial and fungal contaminants in imported chicken femurs was
determined and compared with standard microbiological limits. A total of (12) Kg
of imported chicken femurs were randomly collected at two batches from (6) areas
in Baghdad city. Total aerobic bacterial count, coli form count and Staphylococcus
aureus count were used as an indicator for bacterial contamination, in addition to
yeast and mould count as an indicator for fungal contamination.
Data revealed that skins of imported chicken femurs produced high level of
contamination, in which most of the bacterial counts were near the maximum
standard limit as well as contamination with fungi, whereas the level of
contamination in the meat o

The study was conducted to investigate the role of supplementing the diet of
broiler chicken with Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn) broiler chicken in the
immune response of the bird .The study has also investigated the level of some
serum proteins and the activity of amino group transmitting enzymes. The Black
seeds have been ground and supplemented in the diet of the chickens at 2%
inclusion rate .A total of 80 Faobro broiler chicks were divided equally into 4
groups.
Group 1: given Black seed supplemented diet and vaccinated at 8 ,16 and 26 days
of age with one dose of live Newcastle (ND) vaccine in the crop and injected 0.2
ml oil adjuvant ND vaccine subcutaneously.
Group 2: given Black seed supplemented

     أجريت الدراسة لمعرفة مدى تأثير العصيات اللبنية في الصفات الفسلجية والانتاجية  للافراخ المرباة بالظروف الطبيعية وتحت تأثير ألاجهاد الحراري . حيث تم استعمال 180 فرخ ،قسمت الى ست مجاميع متساوية ، وضعت كل ثلاثة مجاميع بغرفة منفصلة حيث أحتوت الغرفة الاولى على :المجموعة الاولى والتي عولجت بالعصيات اللبنية بعمر يوم واحد  والمجموعة الثانية التي عولجت بالعصيات اللبنية بعمر ثلاثة أسابيع&nb

     Yersiniosis is a zoonotic disease which infects many animal species. A preliminary study was done to detect the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in sheep. One thousand and two hundred fecal samples were collected randomly from sheep in four governorates in the southern region of Iraq: Thi-Qar, Al-Muthana, Messan and Basrah, in the period from July 2016 to June-2017. Enrichment Yersinia broth at 4°C for 48 hours was used for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica. Selective Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin and non selective media were used for bacterial culture. The identification of Yersinia enterocolitica was based on colony morphology and biochemical characters, API 20E and V

أجريت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن تأثير إعطاء حامض الفوليك بجرع مختلفة ) 5 مايكروغرام و 01 مايكروغرام( يومي ا
لكل حيوان على بعض المعايير الدمية في ذكوور الأرابوب البالغوةم توس ت سويس الايوابوائ عشوواىيا إلوى ثيثوة مجوامي متسواوية
مجموعة سيطرة ومجموعتي معالجة ، عوملت المجموعة الأولى T1 باامض الفوليك بجرعة ) 5 مايكروغرام( ومجموعة
المعالجة الثابية بجرعة ) 01 مايكروغرام( واستمرئ التجربة لمدة أربعة أسابي لغرض دراسة بع

صممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التأثير الضار لفرط المثيونيي للوا الجزوال التلاسولذ الوذكري للجورااض فبالألوافة الوا
معرفوة التوأثير النيوالذ للمسوتكلو الللونلذ للسبيوب الأسوند . وا يسوتكدام ثماييوة لذور مو اكونر الجورااض البالغوة ويسومت
لذنالياً الا ثلاثة مجاميع متساوية ولنملت كالا ذ لمدة 42 ينم 1 مجمنلوة السويطره - C (جرلوت مللونا الودار ؛ 2 -
مجمنلة المعاملة الأولا GI ( جرلت الجرااض فذ هوذه المجمنلوة 100 ملغوا

This study is designed to determin the protective role of pomegranate seed oil against deleterious effect induced by sodium fluoride on serum proteins in rats. Forty (40) adult female rats were randomly divided into four equal group (10/group) and treated daily for 40 days as following: Group C administered distilled water (control), group T1 received sodium fluoride 120 ppm/liter in drinking water, group T2 received both sodium fluoride 120 ppm/liter in drinking water and Pometone 30 mg/kg B.w. orally and group T3 administered Pometone 30 mg/kg B.w. orally. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 40 days of the experimental periods and serum samples were aliquoted for estimation serum total protein, albumin and globulin concen

     This study is designed to investigate the effect of temperature on thyroid gland of 24 adult healthy female carp fish (12/ season). Neutral buffered formalin solution10% was used for fixation and routine histological techniques. Hemotoxline and Eosine and PAS stains were, also used. The results revealed that the thyroid tissue in carp fish was closely associated with the renal and sub pharyngeal tissue. Spleen and liver did not show any thyroid follicles. The thyroid tissue of carp fish consisted of disseminate thyroid follicles not surrounded by apparent capsule. Different sizes and shapes of thyroid follicles were observed. The follicular cells form tight epithelium. Para follicular cells were distributed among

     This study was conducted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using olive leaves aqueous extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible – spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Well diffusion method was used to show the antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro in comparison with standard antibacterial silver sulfadiazine by using different concentrations of each agent ranged from 12.5-200 μg/ml. The results of this study showed it possible to produce silver nanoparticles in eco-frien