The investigation on Heat-Intolerance Syndrome following foot and mouth disease (FMD) infection in cattle in ThiQar–Iraq, used 3ABC FMD ELISA kit, and Radio- immunoassay (RIA) to detect the cortisol level. From 105 there were 65(62%) infected cattle with FMD, which was high at 5- less 8 years old, while the cortrisol level showed three levels; normal (13-21 nmol⁄L), high and low levels were; 6(5.6%), 44(42%) and 55(52%) subsequently. More over the combined result of ELISA and RIA had divided cattle into six groups. First group of 40(38%) cattle infected with FMD and had low level of cortisol, this group containing 21(20%) with clinical signs of heat intolerance. Second group contain 22(21%) FMD infected cattle with high level of cort

Behavioral problems are very important because they are one of the most common reasons for the relinquishment of cats. In this study, the frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, was evaluated with the use of a questionnaire. Interaction with other animals and people, outdoor access, breed, and sex of the cats were evaluated for association with the occurrence of the behavioral problems. Aggression towards people and other cats, Elimination problems, Scratching objects, Fearfulness, Attention seeking, Excessive grooming, Chasing small animals, Hiding, Vocalization in owner's absence, Obsessive behaviors and Eating fiber material were the behavioral

Forty seven blood samples were collected from local house cats 25 male , 22 female , ranging in age from 1-15 year for both sexes for measuring the following parameters coagulation tests (total Platelets count, Clotting time, Prothrombin Time & Fibrinogen concentration ) and proteins concentration tests (Total protein concentration, Albumin , Globulin concentration ) and iron and copper concentration tests .the results as were follow (228.5 –1,537) X 109\L , (2-5)min , (6 - 15) sec , (0.5 -4) g\L , ( 61 - 83 ) g\L , (23.1 -38.2) g\L , (25.9-54.2) g\L , (5.21 – 45.56) μmol/L , (2.29 - 36.52) μmol/L) .the result showed significant differences at level (P<0.05) between the male and female of local house cats in total Platelets

The objective of this study is the identification of inorganic elements in egg shell of some wild birds including House Sparrow, White- eared Bulbul, Collared Dove and Rock Dove. Samples of eggs from these birds were collected from Baghdad city during 2011. Egg shell were analysed for ash, macro-elements and micro- elements including Ca, P, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, B, Zn, Co, Cr and Pb. The findings revealed that the ash percentage was high in egg shell of all birds under study which were consecutively 1.73, 1.72, 1.79 and 1.78 % for House Sparrow, White- eared Bulbul, Collared Dove and Rock Dove, Ca percentage was the highest percentage among the other elements which were 97.3, 97.4, 97.8 and 97.8 % respectively, where as P and Mg were ranging be

The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize a complete set of phages that are
active against Escherichia coliserogroups O1, O2, and O78, the main causative agents of
avian colibacillosis. A mixture of E.coli (O1:K1), (O2:K1), and (O78:K80) used as host to
isolate phages from wastewater and fecal samples from poultry processing plants. Eleven
phages were isolated, only two of them EC-NJ4 and EC-NJ7 were selected for further
characterization. EC-NJ4 and EC-NJ7 had icosaheadral heads, necks and contractile tails,
with tail fibers and therefore belonged to Myoviridae, with genome sizes of 67.06 – 68.04 kb
and they lysed 100% of serotype O1, O2, and O78. The two phages were resistant to pH 5-9,
and phage E

Sixty cows were included in this study which was conducted in Baquba for the period from April 2011 to October 2011. They were clinically diagnosed as having bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) infection. Blood samples were collected from infected cows before, after treatment, and after recovery. Additionally, 30 healthy cows were included as control group. Sera were separated and submitted for the determination of phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol and pH levels. Statistical analysis of biochemical values revealed significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels in infected cows as compared to control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the diseased cows showed low levels of pH (acidosis), thus when they treated by intravenous injection of 5% sodium

A total of 250 stool specimens from patients live in Al-Ameen, Al-Mashtal, Al-Baladiyat and Al-Nahrawan, districts of Baghdad city were collected. The watery and loose specimens were wet mounted with normal saline and buffered methylene blue then all specimens concentrated and examined with Lugol's iodine solution. The protozoal parasites of medical importance Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were respectively detected in 59 (24.6%) and 42 (17.5%), samples with mixed infection were in eight samples. Differences due to district lacked significance. Statistical significance was observed when the influence of age category was tested (P<0.05). The highest infestation percentage with both parasites was noticed in the 5 – 10 years

Escherichia coli is consedered to be one of the normal flora of the human
and animal intestinal tract, but there are some serotypes which are diagnosed
as a pathogenic such as Enteroheamorrhagic E.coli O157 that cause disease
ranging in severity from mild to lethal and it's significant as a major foodborne
pathogen and as a public health problem. The purpose of this study
was to provide the prevalence of E.coli and E.coli O157 in locally produced
soft cheeses, detection and enumeration were carried out using specific
differential media (CT.SMAC,E.M.B.), serological test (Latex O157) and
biochemical test.
A total of 50 samples of locally produced soft cheeses were collected from
supermarket in Baghdad City du

The present study performed to evaluate the impact of addition of
Thymbra spicata leaves powder of aflatoxin contaminated ration in
reduction of the aflatoxin immuno suppressive effect in the immune
response induced by Newcastle disease vaccine in broilers.
The study conducted in three groups, The first group fed aflatoxin free
ration, second group fed aflatoxin contaminated ration without any
treatment, while the third group fed aflatoxin contaminated ration
supplemented of 2% Thymbra spicata leaves powder.
All chick groups were vaccinated twice with Newcastle disease vaccine
(NDV) at 10 and 20 days of age. ELIZA test was carried out to estimate the
humeral immune response at 6, 19 and 31 days of age. Infec

     Chlamydiasis during pregnancy should be considered a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans. 120 women who had a single or repeated abortion were selected for this study, and they were referred with a physician report for TORCH tests to determine the final diagnosis of pregnancy loss. The control were (40) healthy pregnant women with a history of a normal pregnancy. The innate immunity in abortive women was higher than normal pregnancies, that was estimated by Nitroblue Tetrazolium test done to estimate the phagocytic activity, there was a significant increase (P=0.009) in phagocytic activity in the leukocytes of abortive women which was (22%) higher than that in control. Also, the cellu

     The main objectives of this study is the separation of X from Y bearing epididymal spermatozoa of local buck by swim-up, and the use of this spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization to determine the percentage of produced male and female embryos. The sex of produced embryo was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Testis of the local buck were obtained from Al-Shu'alah abattoir and the epididymal spermatozoa were harvested from the cauda by and submitted to in vitro maturation prior to separation of X from Y bearing spermatozoa and prior to their use for in vitro fertilization. For the separation of epididymal spermatozoa, swim-up technique was used with centrifugation at 200×g or 300

This study was conducted for rapid detection of contamination of meat products with E. coli 0157 by usage of ELISA test kit as one of the most rapid and newest test. The study showed the efficiency of ELISA test kit used in this study in detection of bacteria antigen in meat products samples of raw beef meat , kabab and beef burger which subjected to improper storage conditions or undercooked and hence when some peoples uptake some of these products they suffered from clinical intoxication signs like diarrhea ,vomiting and hyperthermia. The kit showed the presence of (9) samples positive among (90) samples ; (2) positive out of (30) kabab samples,(3) positive out of (30) beef burger and (4) positive out of (30) raw beef meat after 16 hrs

The results of isolation in this research showed prevalence of Candida albicans at 35.7% which isolated from 70 samples of infected women who suffered from vaginal thrush compared with other infected agent. In vitro antifungal activities of ethanolic and aqueous( hot and cold distilled water) extracts of Quercus infectoria galls were tested against growth of C. albicans and C.glabrata in different concentration , showed that ethanolic extracts of Quercus infectoria was more effective against C. albicans at concentration 700mg/ml while the aqueous( hot and cold distilled water) extracts were more effective against C.glabrata compared with growth of C. albicans at same extracts .

The main objective of this study was to determine what effect the addition
of sodium fluoride would have on the Cheddar cheese quality. Raw milk was
pasteurized and separated for three treatments as follows: control, supplemented
with 4 ppm and 40 ppm fluoride. Cheddar cheese was processed for each
treatment and ripened for 120 days at 7oC and sampled at 60 and 120 days.
Analyses performed included both sensory evaluation and gas chromatography
with headspace sampling (GCHS). Under conditions of this study significant
P< 0.05 higher mean flavor and body/texture scores were observed in both the
control cheese samples and those with 4 ppm added fluoride than those with 40
ppm added fluorides.
The predominan

This study was carried out to determine the feasibility of dry poultry manure (DPM) as a feed stuff. Three types of DPM were studied: 1- layer litter manure, 2- caged layer manure, 3- processed caged layer manure. Three hundred fifty one-day old broiler chicks were allocated at random into seven dietary treatments, chicks in T1 (control) were fed on ‘starter and finisher commercial diets. Chicks in T2 and 13 were fed diets supplemented with 5% and 10% layer litter manure, respectively. Chicks in T4 and T5 were fed dies contained 5% and 10% caged layer manure, respectively, while chicks in T6 and T7 were fed diets contain 5% and 10% processed caged layer manure, respectively. Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the

The study included 82 clinical mastitic cows (328 quarters) in two dairy
cattle stations, 15 cows in the first station in Baghdad and 67 cows in the
second station in Babel, Clinical inspection was conducted on cows and it’s
udder, milk samples were collected under sterile condition and subjected for
physical, chemical & bacteriological examination with antibiotic sensitivity
test of the isolated pathogens.
The mastitic cows in each station were divided into two groups, the 1st
(Treated group) in which cows treated by us and the 2nd (control group) in
which cows were treated by the staff of station. After treatment all cows
were examined clinically and bacteriologly four times (once 10 days). Swaps
fro

A total of 24 samples of three different kinds of locally produced soft
cheese manufactured from raw milk of Cows , Buffaloes and Ewes
( 8 samples of each) were collected at weekly intervals from different
areas of Baghdad city in the period from the beginning of December
2007 till the end of January 2008.
The main objective of this study was to isolats , identify and
enumerate Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157from locally produced soft
cheese , besides that , to study the effect of cheese storage temperature
(4 C) and different salt concentration solutions on the viability and
survival of E.coli O157 in stored cheese .
Data demonstrate that 11 out 24 of samples 45.84% were found to
have Enterohaemorrhagic E

Isolated tracheal smooth muscle of sheep, which is pharmacologically
precontracted by acetylcholine, induces relaxation when exposed to Cordia
myxa plant extract. The aim of the present study was to typify the mechanism of
Cordia myxa extract induced by relaxation in the sheep trachea. 1. Cordia myxa
extract relaxed both epithelium-intact and denuded sheep trachea rings
contracted by acetylcholine. The scale of relaxation on Cordia myxa extract was
dependent on the treated dose and slightly greatly in epithelium denuded rings
than in epithelium-intact preparations. 2. L-NAME (10 nM-100 uM) but not DNAME
completely inhibited the relaxation in a concentration dependent
manner. 3. The Cordia myxa extract -induced

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding feed
blocks (FB) enriched with different sources of protein on the performance of
Awassi ewes during late pregnancy, suckling and milking stages. Experiment
(1) was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding feed blocks enriched with
different sources of protein on the performance of Awassi ewes during late
pregnancy. Eighty pregnant Awassi ewes (mean live weight 09.91±0.31 Kg),
aged 3-5 years were allocated into four groups according to ewes’ live weight.
First group (T1) fed ordinary high energy FB (OFB) + straw (ad-libitum). The
second group (T2) fed FB enriched with cottonseed meal (FBCSM) + straw (adlibitum).
The third group (T3) fe

IIn tthe prresentt rresearrch,, tthe patthollogiicall effffectt off CdCll2 rresiidue sttudy was
done on whiitte malle rrabbiitts.. 42 whiitte malle rrabbiitts werre rrandomlly diiviided iintto 2
grroups :: 1stt grroup iinclluded 30rrabbiitts werre giiven CdCll2 13 Mg // kg // day fforr 12
weeks viia drriinkiing watterr ..2nd grroup iinclluded 12rrabbiitts ffed on norrmall rrabbiitt diiett
..The ffollllowiing parrametterrs werre obserrved on tthe above grroups::
1-- Clliiniicall siigns:: Trreatted rrabbiitts showed,, vomiittiing and blloody diiarrrrhea ..
2-- Resiiduall iinvesttiigattiion on lliiverr and kiidney :: CdCll2 rresiidue prresentt morre
siigniiffiicantt iin lliiverr and kiidney mosttlly att 8 and 12 weeks :

This study was carried out to explore the effect of Aloe Vera leaf
gel in promoting wound healing and to investigate the
antibacterial effect against some pathogenic bacteria in comparison
with Nigella sativa oil. Standard dilutions of Aloe Vera leaf gel were
made from ten to one hundred percent and its antibacterial effect
had been examined in seeded agar method against Staphylococcus
aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa both were previously identified
by laboratory and biochemical methods, Nigella Sativa oil which is
known to be one of the important medicinal plant was used for
comparison . Statistical analysis showed a significant difference
(P<0.05) between AVG and Nigella Sativa oil.
The effect of Al

Twenty five Isolates of Salmonella were isolated from raw milk
samples which were collected from Abu-Graib village to study the
relationship between their resistance to antibiotics and their plasmids
contents .
Antibiotic sensitivity test for different antibiotics revealed that most
Salmonella isolates were resistant to two antibiotics .
The extraction of the DNA-plasmid revealed that most Salmonella
isolates which resistant to two antibiotics or more were contained large,
individual plasmids size of (55-75)Kilo Base (KB) while the others
isolates were free from such plasmid

This research included study the effect of garlic and onion plants
extracts(alcoholic and watery) in vitro in three different concentrations
15%,25%,35% and in vivo in experimental white mice .Research was
performed by three experiments, first one was conducted to study
effectiveness of different concentration of alcoholic and watery garlic
extract on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in
vitro, showed that the effect of alcoholic extract on the growth of candida
albicans was inhibitory,started from 0.4 mm to 0.1 mm compared with
control plats 4.2 mm ,where as the results of the effect on the growth of
Cryptococcus neoformans showed more clearness and the inhibition
started from 0.6 to in

This study was concerned with conduction of experiment for these
reason three groups of broiler chicks were used.
First group (which consisted of 15 chicks) was vaccinated with live
attenuated vaccine (laSota strain) at age 10, 20, 30 days by drinking
water. Second group (which consisted of 15 chicks) was infected
experimentally with H9N2 (AMR.ANT/IRAQ/2005) 108.6 LD50/0.1ml
at age 8 day then vaccinated with live attenuated vaccine (LaSota strain)
at age 10, 20, 30 days by drinking water .third group (which consisted of
10 chicks) was considered as a control group without vaccination.
Immune response in all chicks groups were estimated at age (40) days
depending on Heamagglutination test and ELISA. The first

This study was devoted to determination of normal physical and
chemical values of 100 sample of Ovine and Caprine urine with
microscopically examination of urine samples sterilely collected
from sheep & goat slaughtered in Al-Shulla governmental slaughter
house between may and November 2004 as well as demonstration of
changes in these values in case of presence of microbes in urine .This
study illustrated no significant differences(P<0.05) of urine analysis
values between sheep & goat but these values significantly
changed(P<0.05)with the presence of microbes in urine and these
changes included opacity of urine, decrease of specific gravity &
increase of urine pH.
25 sample were positive

To induce copper deficiency in sheep (15)Awasi ewes from the college of
Veterinary Medicine flock were used. The ewes during the preparation
period (18 weeks) were fed on balanced concentrated diet contained (5.2)
mg/day copper in addition of the green food.
The ewes were randomly divided into three equal groups for the
experimental period (18 weeks). Another balanced concentrated diet with low
level of copper (2.6) mg/day was used to feed the primary deficiency group
while the secondary copper deficiency group fed on the same concentrate used in
the preparation period. The protein ratio and energy level were considered.
The secondary deficiency group received an oral mixture of ammonium
molybdate (100) mg w

The present investigation is concerned with utilizing of two types of Single Cell Protein (SCP) designated, Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth for processing P1. And joint growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus for processing P2. T2 and T3 respectively, as a replacemente of commercial animal protein T1 . The nutritional performance for SCP was carried out via feeding trials of carp fingerling Cyprinus carpio L.
Values of fish weight rate for carp after 50 days of feeding triales started experiment were 1.15, 1.31, 1.34 gm. The fish growth rate were 0.425, 0.480, 0.500, gm .The averages of daily weight were 0.008, 0.009, 0.01gm/day , The absolute specific growth rates for fish were 0.92, 0.

The main objective of this study was to isolate, identify and
enumerate the E.coli O157:H7 bacteria and coliform bacteria from
locally manufactured soft cheese.
A total of 50samples of local soft cheese were collected and examined
from local markets of (5) different areas of Baghdad city which was { Aldora,
Al-Amria,Al-Kadmia,Al-Karada,Al-Kazalia} 10 samples for each
area.
The results showed that the highest average counts of E.coli O157:H7
and coliform bacteria was in Al-Dora 73.63 × 105and 956 × 105cfu/ml
while the lowest average counts in Al-Kazalia 3.12× 105and 43.7×
105cfu/ml .
The result of the statistical analysis showed that there were a significant
differences (p<0.05) between E.coli O1

        تضمن البحث دراسة شعاعية لمعرفة تأثير الزرع الذاتي (Autogenous Graft) لنخاع العظم على سرعة غلق الصفيحة المشاشية القاصية لعظم الفخذ المثقبة تجريبيا باستعمال تقنية فمستر المحورة للصفيحة المشاشية في 6 كلاب من السلالة المحلية قسمت عشوائيا الى مجموعتين ضمت كل مجموعة 3 كلاب الاولى اجريت عليها عملية تثقيب الصفيحة المشاشية باستخدام تقنية فمستر المحورة و كانت هي مجموعة السيطرة اما المجموعة الثانية (

A three species of clam Unio tigridis, Pseudontopsis euphraticus and
Anodonta sp. were collected from Al-Habaniya lake, Al-Angor region/Iraq
.The animals were exposed to three concentrations of mercury :0.1, 0.2 and
0.4 mg/L . First group of animals were exposed for three weeks ,second
group for two weeks and the third group for one week. At the end of the
exposure period, the animals were dissected ,then the mantle removed for the
further studies on proteins and enzymes. The results were :
1- Total protein concentration in the mantle decreased in the three
species of clam exposed to mercury. It was observed that a
prominent effect of mercury on the electrophoretic bands of
proteins with the decrease in the