This study had as principal objective identification of osmotic-tolerant potato genotypes by using "in vitro" tissue culture and sorbitol as a stimulating agent, to induce water stress, which was added to the  culture nutritive medium in different concentration (0,50, 110, 220, 330 and 440 mM).  The starting point was represented by plantlets culture collection, belonging to eleven potato genotypes: Barcelona, Nectar, Alison, Jelly, Malice, Nazca, Toronto, Farida, Fabulla, Colomba and Spunta. Plantlets were multiplied between two internodes to obtain microcuttings (in sterile condition), which were inoculated on medium. Sorbitol-induced osmotic stress caused a significant reduc

This study has been carried out at the Biotechnology Lab., Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University during the growing season 2019 - 2020, in order to detect the variations of SOS, HVNHX and SDO genes in different barley genotypes.  Clear variations in the SOS, HVNHX and SDO genes, which are responsible for salinity tolerance were found among the investigated genotypes. It has been found that the variation in the amplicon size between loci per gene was very high in some cases, while there was a high degree of symmetry in other cases, and could be easily distinguished on 2% Agarose gel. The PCR results for the SOS genes (SOS1, SOS2, SOS3), HVNHX genes (HVNHX1, HVNHX2, HVNHX3) and SDO genes (Cu/Zn

This study was conducted at the poultry farm Animal Production Department, Abu Ghraib , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during theperiod from 10/31/2020 to 12/11/2020. to study the effect of adding two different levels of artichoke  leaves extracts powder to the diet and for different periods  to rations on the productive performance of broiler chickens.One hundred thirty five unsexedcommercial hybrid broiler chicks (Ross 308), oneday old, 42.47 g/  its initial body weightwere used in this experiment, The birds were randomly distributed among three treatments, each treatment contained 45 birds, with three replicates, and each replicate contained 15 birds. The chicks of the first

This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and the distribution of Integron I, Integron II, and genes among uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infection. The results revealed that one hundred and thirty-seven (91%) out of 150 clinical specimens were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates (137 isolates) were given a higher percentage of resistance against Piperacillin (94.89%)and Rifampicin (93.43%) and the lowest resistance was with Meropenem (40.87%). According to PCR amplification

A variety of organisms, including plants and bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, and microalgae, are involved in the biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can be synthesized using plant extracts, which is considered to be one of the safest methods in green chemistry. Copper-NPs were synthesized from the leaves of M. communis, which were extracted with water. The first indication that CuNPs have been synthesized is the change in color of the solution from light yellow to dark brown. Several different techniques were used to characterize CuNPs. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of the nanoparticles in the range of 300 to 700 nm was investigated using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vi

This study examined the effects of genetic and some non-genetic factors on total milk yield (TMY), test-day milk yield (TDM), pre-weaning (PRMY), and post-weaning milk yield (POMY) using a total of 1167 lactation records of (Damascus) does over the years of 1998 to 2001 at Al-Walla Agricultural Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture. The General Linear Model (GLM) was employed to analyze the data. TMY, TDM, PRMY, and POMY had respective overall averages of 280.3 kg, 1.45 kg, 135.7 kg, and 144.5 kg. Age, doe weight, birth type, and year of kidding all significantly influenced the variables under study.  Heritability estimates were 0.22, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.26 for TMY, TDM, PRMY and POMY, respectively. The corresponding e

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of local barley (class Ibaa 99), an underutilized plant, as a potential functional ingredient in blood pressure (BP) treatment and health promotion. For this purpose, the ability barley prolamin isolates hydrolysate (BPIH) to inhibit Angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE I) was studied. Prolamin was extracted from barley, then digestion by pepsin and the effect of successive purifications using gel filtration sephadex [GF-(G25)] technology on the efficiency of ACE I inhibition capacity was studied. The results showed the efficiency of the pepsin in hydrolyzing barley prolamins, and the percentage of degree hydrolyses (DH %) increased with time. The ACE I inhibition value increased in para

Dust storms are frequent in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world; they are a significant environmental hazard that impacts human health, agriculture, transportation, and ecosystems, and their frequency and intensity are being magnified by climate change and unsustainable land management practices. This study presents testing and validation of a Brightness Temperature Adjusted Dust Index (BADI), designed for enhanced detection and monitoring of dust storms, particularly under cloudy conditions. The proposed BADI integrates brightness temperatures from three Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared bands: band 20 (3.66–3.84 µm), band 31 (10.78–11.28 µm), and band 32 (11.77–12.27 µm). The effic

This study was aimed to demonstrate the seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii among ewes and horses as well as to determine the risk factors for infection in Duhok province. Sera and blood samples from 700 ewes and 62 horses were collected. Sera were examined by indirect ELISA for detection of anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies and in molecular study, DNA was extracted, then by PCR, B1 gene was amplified and the product visualized and sent off for sequencing. Serologically, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 17.7 (11/62) and 28.9 (202/700) in horses and ewes by ELISA respectively. Present of cats on the farm was significantly associated with T. gon

The study was aimed to identify the reality of vegetable farmers practices to face climate change in Iraq in general and in each field of research. To achieve the objectives, a questionnaire consisting of (75) items distribute  over (3) areas are designed, after completing its design procedures in terms of validity and reliability, it is presented to a stratified random sample of (128) vegetable farmers in the reality of (82) farms from Baghdad province  and (46) farms from Babylon province, the data are collected and then analyze using the social statistical analysis program (SPSS), The research results have show the practices of vegetable farmers to face climate change were of medium importance, as all areas of planting veget

The research aims to study the impact of the green economy on achieving sustainable agricultural development in Iraq for the period (2003-2022). The research used quantitative methods in analyzing GDP, green GDP, investment allocations for the agricultural sector, environmental allocations, cultivated areas and water imports of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to distinguish the impact of these variables on agricultural GDP. The parameters were estimated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag-ARDL framework. The results found that each of the green GDP, investment allocations, and environmental allocations came positive and consistent with the logic of the economic theory, while cultivated areas came positive but not significant. Rivers

During the field trips in the gardens of the University of Baghdad at Al-Jadriya region and the gardens of the University of Al-Mustansiriya during the two growing seasons 2020-2021, a new species belonging to the family Euphorbiceae , genus Euphorbia was observed and recognized E.maculata L. which did not recorded for the Iraqi flora, and it was collected from different regions and studied morphologically, the characteristics of the procumbent stems, and leaves which were distinguished for their green color , elongated shape, and the presence of red spots in the middle of the leaf. The study also dealt with the characteristics of the epidermis and the stomatal complexes, as the sunken stomata and being recessed and of diacytic,

Aim of this study was to identify and characterize the entomopathogenic nematode Metarhabditis rainai, which was isolated from soil samples carried out from Alrashdya at (33˚25ˈ13.4̎ N 44˚21ˈ45.3̎ E) Baghdad- Iraq and was illustrated by both morphological and molecular aspects.  All specimens of M. rainai were cultured, identified and described using some morphometric criteria based on standard available key. Selected specimens (Zah, IQ2 OR960470 isolate) of this species were characterized by the body length of male was ranged from (377.49 – 563.89 μm), the body length of female was (857.44 – 1111.7 μm) and the body length of juvenile was (419.28 – 757 μm). Using partial 18S rRNA gene sequences, mole

The current research dealt with a comparative taxonomic study of the two types Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodiastrum murale L. at Baghdad , This research was included a cytological study by calculating the chromosome number by sequence n=27,9. and studying the micro-morphological characteristics of the seeds and fruits of the two types, in addition to the surface covering in the leaf part. All phenotypic characteristics of the seeds were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Light microscope (LM) in terms of shape, colour, dimensions Seed size were measured by the program digmizer , as well as the configuration  of the seeds surface , The seeds of Ch.albu

A field experiment was carried out within the Shanafiyah - Nasiriyah project / Iraq during the autumn season 2022-2023 to evaluate the performance of the different tillage systems in some soil physical and hydraulic properties when irrigated with salt water and 25% Leaching factor throughout the growing season. In addition to evaluating its performance in mechanical technical properties before sowing. The experiment included three systems: A. minimum tillage with a disc harrow b. Tillage with Chisel Plow and Spring Tooth Harrows c. Tillage with Mold Plow and Spring Tooth Harrows. The study results showed that the

This study was aimed to find out the effect of different soil components of some Iraqi soils under different climatic conditions and different parent materials on the adsorption of lead and cadmium. Soil samples were collected from four governorates (Dohuk, Wasit, Salah al-Din, and Basra), with three sites in each governorate, and two depths (0-30 and 31-60) cm. A chemical analysis of the soil were carried out to determine the amount of organic matter, carbonate minerals, total and crystallized free iron oxides. Results showed that the values ​​of and soluble and exchangeable lead binded with carbonate minerals, organic matter, oxides, and clay fraction in rates ranging betwe

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of various filter materials in RAS such as synthetic materials and organic materials and there an impact on plasma cortisol, osmotic performance rate, growth rate and survival rate of Channa marulioides. The cultivation process in the RAS system is carried out for 100 days with 50 individuals in each different treatment, namely T1: Synthetic filter; T2: Organic filter; T3: Mixture of synthetic and organic filter; Control: No Filter and RAS. Measurements of plasma cortisol and osmotic performance levels were carried out at the beginning and end of cultivation which had an impact on growth and survival rates. The results of the study showed a decrease in cortisol levels (ng/ml

This experiment was conducted in a private orchard at Aldaraman, Kirkuk Governorate on "Khalobaziani" local fig trees. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) at (0, 2, and 4 ml.l^-1) and Garlic cloves extract (GCE) at (0, 10, and 20 ml.l^-1) on growth and productivity of fig trees. Results showed that trees sprayed with MLE 4 ml.l-1 led to a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, average fruit weight and size, and average yield per tree, while significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to control. Furthermore, significant increase in the leaf area, total chloroph

This study was aimed to investigate delayed germination and immature embryos of carrot seeds; This research was implemented at vegetable field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during two sequent seasons (fall and spring). The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B₀, B₁) (0, 100 g.L^-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T₀, T₁, T₂) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L^-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C₀, C₁, C

This study was performed for production, purification, characterization and evaluation the antibacterial activity of biosurfactant BS which were produced from local isolate Lactobacillus plantarum Z9 with bacteriocin and studying the synergistic effect .A total 100 different samples 85(%) isolates of Lactobacillus sp. were isolated from different sources and identified by biochemical tests then subjected to the primary and secondary screening processes to select the active isolate for bacteriocin and biosurfactant production. Among the vagina isolates screened, the results found that Lactobacillus sp. Z9 isolated from the clinical samples of Iraqi healthy women had the highest productivity of the bacter

A field study was conducted at the experimental farm, Coll. of Agric., Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid of march 2013 to end of August 2014 to investigate the effect of different levels of sulfur (0, 1, 2 and 3 ton. ha^-1) and three dates of last cutting (1, 10^th and 20^th,May 2014)_ on seed yield and it’s components of alfalfa local cultivar, Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split –plots with three replications. Sulfur levels were used as main plot and the time when last cutting occurs was sub-plot. Results, showed that addition of sulfur at level more than 1 ton.ha^-1 (2, 3 ton ha^-1) resulted in a significant increasment in the No. of s

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015 , at the fields of Field Crop Department – College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad. The objective was to study grain yield and yield components of corn in next generation   as influenced by  harvesting moisture in the first generation  . In spring season 2015 , seeds of the variety 2018 was planted using  75 cm between rows and 25 cm within the rows. When  moisture of the ear grains reach the first treatment (37-42%), ten ears were harvested. Ear harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42%, 34-36% , 30-33% , 25- 28% and 19-22%  moisture content.  Then, the  grains were na

This study was conducted in poultry farm in college of agricultural engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - animal production department. In this study 100 laying hens of local Iraqi chickens were used with age 67day old, were placed in individual cages, each cage was numbered from 1 to 100, for the period from 26/10/2021 till 24/7/2022 to detect the different genotypes of LEPR gene, determining the frequency and percentage of the relevant genotypes local Iraqi chickens, , Productive traits were measured from the sexual maturity in to 100 days for each chicken, the blood samples were collected from 100 laying hens at the 38 weeks of age from the brachial vein, the PCR reaction will done us

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of vermicompost extract and mineral fertilizer on growth, grain yield of barley and nutrients availability during the season 2021-2022, in clay loam soil using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD). Vermicompost extract was added at three levels: without addition (VE₀), injected into the soil (VE₁) and applied as a foliar application (VE₂). Mineral fertilizer was added at (0, 50 and 100%) from the recommended level Symbolized (C₀, C₁ and C₂) sequentially. Results showed

Three field experiments were conducted in Al- Rashidiya region, Istiqlal district, north of Baghdad governate, to study the difference the irrigation interval under subsurface drip, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation systems in water requirement and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during the summer season 2021.Three field experiments were conducted, each including three irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and furrow irrigation. It was implemented as a Factorial experiment within the design of Nested-Factorial Experiments Design. Where the second factor distributed three irrigation intervals on the main plot (2-day, 4 day and 6 day), then the three factors were divided into four repli

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on growth performance, hematology and survival rate in common carp, Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (average weight 75±10g) were randomly distributed into five treated groups as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet respectively for 42 days. Results indicated that the best Final weight, specific g

This study was carried out in a private vineyard, located in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the growing season (2022) to investigate the effect of foliar applications of amino acids (0, 5, 10 mL.L^-1), benzyl adenine (0, 100, 200 mg.L^-1), and Nano-NPK fertilizer (0, 2, 4 g.L^-1) and their interactions on the activity of pollen grains and some chemical components. The results confirmed that 10 mg.L^-1 amino acid produced the highest pollen viability, pollen germination, leaf chlorophyll content, total carotene, and vitamin C, while it caused a significant decrease in total phenol compared to the control. Benzyl adenine, 200mg.L^-1 gave the highest signific

This research was aimed to study the most important economic variables affecting of the production capacity of poultry meat in Al-Ahsa governorate by estimating the parameters of the production functions, the quantitative and value costs of the broiler farms,. The economic analysis method used a sample of 33 meat projects in the eastern region, representing 35.9% of the total number of projects in the Eastern Region and 92 projects till 2017. was divided into three categories, the first capacity (less than 150 thousand chickens), consisting of 16 projects representing 48.5% of the total sample farms and the second capacity (150 thousand to 300 thousand chickens), consisting of 10 projects representing 30.3% And t

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary zeolite on ammonia toxicity and in some of blood parameters in Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed   either a control diets (0% zeolite) or control diet supplemented with 2, 4 and 6% (T1, T2 and T3) respectively for 28 days. Results showed that the mean value of ammonia concentrations ranged between 0.10 mg/l in T1 and T3 in the first week to 1.85 mg/l in control in fourth week, which could be noticed a gradually increased in the values of ammonia in the end of the experiment. Results showed that the amm

This study was aimed to synthesis Ag₂O nanoparticles (N.P.s) utilizing the Ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) extract. As catalysts for pyran derivatives formation employing a three-component coupling reaction among aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone. The nanoparticles exhibit robust catalytic activity with high productivity. Results revealed that Ag₂O NPs improved various vital features, like higher yields, reaction time, simple chemical separation, catalytic economic efficiency, and quick process. This study aimed to cyclize heterocyclic compounds to provide new hetero compounds applying nano-oxides obtained from natural (unmanufactured) sources and used