This experiment was carried out at College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Microscopically, no adverse histopathological changes were seen in the kidneys, liver, gills and intestines of Cyprinus carpio for T2(replacing fishmeal with 5% lentil) and T3 (replacing fishmeal with 10% lentil) in comparison with the control (T1). However, various levels of adverse histopathological changes were seen in the T4(replacing fish meal with 15% lentil) and T5 (replacing fishmeal with 20% lentil). In the kidneys, dilation of the Bowman’s spaces was evidently associated with a decrease in the mesangial cellularity of glomerular tuft. In the liver, congestion of the central vein was apparent together with centril

This study was aimed to decreasing the use of nitrite in Pasterma (sausage in Iraq) in traditional condition, beetroot and milk thistle was used with (75% veal meat and 25% pelvic and kidney fat),the treatment were divide (T1): (0.075 ppm milk thistle with 0.075 ppm beetroot), (T2): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075 ppm milk thistle powder),(T3): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075ppm beetroot powder), (T4):Addition of the synthetic antioxidant Betalyted Hydroxy Anisole (0.01%) BHA. The physical properties resulted in cooking loos, WHC, T3the treatment excelled (8.17)%and 39.12% respectively, Fat oxidation measurements (TBA 3.02 Malone Didehyde/kg, and peroxide value 0.56 mEq/kg fat) inT3 sample show signi

Traditional eel farmers face the problem of poor quality and high price of commercial glass eel diet, this feed has produced poor fish performance, as well. The lack of essential amino acids may be the cause. Molecular methods are used to determine the rapid response of glass eels to a formulated diet. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of adding lysine to commercial feed affects the expression of genes related to growth hormone GH. Pasta feed was given to glass eels (1600 heads) which were cultured for 60 days. The cylindrical plastic ponds were framed with steel and covered with HDPE plastic (300μm) in size {(3.14cm) x (85cmx85cm) x (60cm)} filled with water 907,460 L ≈ 0.91 m3. Real time RT-PCR result

The present study was aimed to administering hyperimmunized avian salmonella-immune lymphokines (S-ILK) to 200 one-day-old layer pullets to improve the immunological response against Gumboro (IBDV) divided into four groups. On the first day, the following was applied to all groups: G1: intraperitoneal injection of 0.50 mL S-ILK followed by a 30-minute challenge with 0.1 mL IBDV (ELD₅₀ 10^3.2); G2: intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL of S-NILK followed by a 30-minute challenge by 0.1 mL IBDV. G3: challenged with 0.1 mL of IBDV only, G4: uninfected, unchallenged group consider as a negative control. The results of the findings indicated the greatest a statistically significant rise (p≤ 0.05) in IgG and IFN-γ

Lambs’ performance and some carcass traits in relation to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were studied in twelve lambs from each of Awassi and Karadi slaughtered at three different weights raised at the animal farm, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok.  Each group of lambs slaughtered at 30 kg, 40 kg, and 50kg was kept in an individual separate pen and fed concentrate ration at libitum. Weight gain and feed intake were recorded till the slaughter and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment and one day before slaughter from the vena jugular for the IGF-1 analysis by using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Statistical analysis

This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5.

This study was determine methamphetamine by the addition to the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer resulting from bulk polymerization formation. To acquire the highest adsorption capacity, molar ratios of the template, monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as solvents and multiple monomers were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the Methamphetamine polymer. The elution of Methamphetamine had a small effect on the surfaces of the three-dimensional network structure. Methamphetamine was successfully eluted using a mixture of methanol and acetic acid. The Methamphetamine adsorption capacities were 3.8145 and 9.01773 mol/g (Qma

To study the allometric growth of body and carcass traits, twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg, respectively were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of both docked and intact lambs of dissectible lean and bone were negative heterogenic (b<1), indicating an early maturing tissues

 Alburnus mossulensis has been exposed to lead and cadmium for (96)h in order to determination lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) value. A total of 140 fish used in this experiment divided into two groups each group contain 70 fishes .The first group exposure to pbcl₂ while the second group exposure to cdcl₂. Method of Finney Probit Analysis used to analysis data. LC₅₀  value for PbCl₂ and CdCl₂ was (57.8 and 29.6) mg/l respectively. Then used about 200  fishes divided into 4 groups, the first group exposure to 1/2LC₅₀  of PbCl₂ ,the second group exposure to 1/2LC₅₀ CdCl

This study was aimed to assess expression of IL-22 gene in patients with newly diagnosed autoantibodies against the thyroid antigens; anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) in comparison with patients previously diagnosed and treated for autoimmune hypothyroidism as well as healthy control individuals. Twenty-eight patients with positive anti-TG and/or anti-TPO were enrolled in this study along with twelve age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess gene expression and fold change among the study groups. Results revealed anti-TG concentration ranges of 134.3 to 2998.9 IU/mL and anti-TPO concentration ranges of 41.

This study was aimed to investigate the combined effect of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive aspects of local goats, 60 adult does were divided equally into two groups, the first was fed concentrate plus grazing commencing 3 weeks prior to mating and continue for 4 weeks post mating (flushed) F, whereas the 2nd group was raised on pasture only (P). All does were synchronized using impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate for 14 days. Following sponges withdrawn, the flushed and non- flushed does were then sub-divided in to four equal groups, the 1st flushed does were injected with 250 i.u hCG (T1), the 2nd only flushed (T2), the 3rd was only injected with hCG (T3) and the 4th was the control (T4). Res

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two types of cryoprotectants and two cryopreservation methods on viability and normal morphology of the immature and in vitro mature of post-thawed buffalo oocytes. The in vitro mature and immature oocytes were kept in the vitrification solution (VS1) for 5 min and the vitrification solution (VS2) for 15 sec. The results revealed that the proportion of buffalo oocytes found to be viable and normal morphology were significantly (P< 0.01) higher in using glycerol which is 76.14% and 55.1%; respectively. We conclude from the present study that the viability and normal morphology of post-thawed buffalo vitrified in vitro matured oocytes were significantl

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two types of cryopreservation and different concentrations of Aloe vera as an antioxidant (0,10% and 20%) on the viability and normal morphology of immature and in vitro mature buffalo cryopreserved oocytes. The in vitro mature and immature oocytes were kept in cryopreservation solutions for rapid and vitrification techniques. The results revealed that the proportion of buffalo oocytes found to be viable and normal morphology were significantly (P<0.01) higher produced when using a high concentration (20%) of aloe vera on in vitro mature buffalo oocyte which is79.11% and 59.02%; respectively. We conclude from the present study that

This experiment was conducted at the poultry \ Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 22/11/2020 to 2/1/2021 . To study the effect of adding germinated red grains sorghum (GRGS) and raw red grains sorghum(RRGS) as a complete substitute for maize to broiler diets on production performance. 225 broiler chicks were used in this experiment and randomly distributed to five treatments by 45 chicks/treatment with three replicates/treatment , 15 chicks/repl

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Crop Sciences Department at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on yield, components, water use efficiency, and water consumption under water stress for sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was used within split -plot arrangement with three replicates, where the main plots included three levels of water stress (irrigation at 40, 60, and 80% of available water) coded as W₁, W₂, and W₃, respectively. The nano and metallic boron spray conc

Levofloxacin (LEV) is an important and widely used antibiotic. It is used to treat many bacterial infections. It may be found in water sources as a result of incomplete metabolism in humans and other sources. In this study, the adsorption of Levofloxacin by raw rice husk (RRH) was investigated. The effect of pH, time, temperature, RRH weight, and initial Levofloxacin concentration on the adsorption process were determined. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models were studied to explain the Levofloxacin adsorption mechanism on raw rice husk. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherms revealed that the adsorption of LEV by RRH was better fitted with the Intraparticle model with coefficient of determination (R²=9

The experiments were carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2021-2020 to study the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (0, 25, 50, 75 mg. L^-1) which were symbolized as A₀, A₁, A₂, and A₃, and chelated calcium (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g. L^-1) which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, Ca₂, and Ca₃ on the growth, yield and marketability of broccoli. A factorial experiment was carried out within the RCBD design, in a total of 16 treatments with three replicates. The main flowering heads were kept at temperatures 6-8° C for 20 days and 18-25° C for 4 days

This study was aimed to investigate the potential adsorptive behavior of mixed algae for decolorization of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution in the form of free and immobilized. Effects of initial pH value (3-9), biosorbent dosage (0.02-0.5)g/L, and initial concentration (10-50) mg/L for different contact time (0-180) min at 200 rpm shaking speed were investigated. In addition, experimental data were analyzed using adsorption (Langmuir and Freundlich) isotherms as well as kinetic models. The results demonstrated that the maximum decolorization percentage was 93% and 91% by free and immobilized algae, respectively for pH 6, 10 initial concentration, 0.3g/10

In this study, four types of basil seed extracts were used, being cold aqueous extract, hot aqueous extract, petroleum ether extract, and methanolic extract.Nine concentrations (10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 312.56, 156.25, 78.125, 39.0, 0.0) µg/ml were used to study the extracts cytotoxicity against two breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and AMJ13 beside REF cell line as normal cells. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition rate of 64.4% on MCF7 cell line at concentration of 1250 µg/ml and 42.4% on AMJ13 cell line at a concentration  of 39.0 µg/ml with significant difference as compared to  control  sample during the 72hr exposure period. While the petroleum ether extract showed a lower inhibition rate of

Digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) had been reported, but only focused on a daily feeding strategy. The effect of starvation and refeeding on the growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities in Yellow Rasbora has never been reported. This study aimed to know the most efficient feeding strategy for growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora. The experiment was conducted in 20 aquariums using two months old fingerling. Four different feeding strategies were tested; twice feeding a day, one-day starvation and six days refeeding, two days starvation and five days refeeding, and four days starvation and ten days refeeding. The result showed that

This research was aimed to investigate 16 species belonging to the genus Euphorbia in order to enrich the Iraqi flora with diagnostic characteristics of this genus depending of the surface covering of leaves, stems and floral parts. The studied species were collected from Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala, Wasit, Diyala, Irbil, Kirkuk and Basrah in the growing seasons 2019/2020. These species are: Euphorbia. shehbaziana, E. denticulate Lam, E. craspedia Boiss., E., kete, E. pulcherrima, E. cyathophora Murray. E. granulata Forssk., E. helioscopia L., E. hirta L., E. hypericifolia L., E. mi

Cooking ware that is made of aluminum is used in different nations, particularly developing nations, and are a free source of aluminum. Due to its possible harmful effects on human health, aluminum is acknowledged as a public health problem. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate curcumin's (CUR) capacity to decrease aluminium’s toxicity by forming stable complexes. Rhizomes that are sold in the local marketplaces have an 8.5% crude pigment content of CUR. At various pH levels, CUR's maximum absorbance was identified. Citric acid was used as a catalyst to create the CUR-Al+3 combination at various pH levels, which correspond to the rates at which Al+3 was eliminated from the solution. At pH 2.5

This study was aimed to investigate the response of the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the addition of soil improvement and spraying with tocopherol, The field experiments were carried out during the fall season 2020-2021 and the spring 2021 at one of the fields at the area located at 44.23° longitude and 33.32° latitude, The experiments carried out as a factorial experiment within a split plot design, where the irrigation interval factor was set every 4, 8 and 12 days for the fall season and every 4, 7 and 10 days for the spring season (symbolized by I₀, I₁ and I₂) in the main plot, and the interaction factor between Eco Gel soil improver and anti-str

This study was aimed to describ the course of Newcastle disease at 24 and 72 hr. of infections in broilers flocks within the period (1-December-2021 to 1- Jun- 2022) and the study aimed to determine the immunological (CD4, CD8) response and changes in neurotransmitter hormones. The blood samples were collected and prepared then examined by ELISA kits test and were worked under the protocols of companies. The result of immunological response showed the response to cellular immunity (CD8) in all cases increasing within 24hr.with statistically represented levels while, the result of humoral immunity (CD4) increasing in all cases except two cases within 72hr. with statistically significant levels as well as the results of (CD4/ CD8)

The colonies of C. glabrata were described, which morphology of isolated on sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is of great importance since they are highly involved in various medical and biological applications. The current study aims to produce Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs to be used to treat Candida glabrata. Nanoparticles were formed, the results of which was observed through UV-visible spectrophotometry. Therefore, the surface morphology and particles size of AgNPs were assessed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the average diameter of AgNPs was 18 nm which is appropriate to be

This research was aimed to delay the staling of wheat bread as one of the most used products globally by adding barley pentosanes, which is neglected and not taken into consideration despite their unique and multiple functional properties and their optimum storage temperature. Water-soluble pentosanes (WSP) and water-insoluble pentosanes (WIP)was extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and added to wheat flour at different percentages. Five treatments  were prepared: (T1) from flour only, (T2 and T3) adding WSP at levels  of (1 and 2%), (T4 and T5) adding WIP at the same levels respectively. All treatments were stored at (20, 4 and -18 °C), for 72 h. The results indicated that the addition of pentosans (WSP an

This research aimed to measure and analyze the impact of exchange rate shocks on some variables of the Iraqi economy during (1990-2022), because of the different effects of these shocks on the macroeconomic variables represented in money supply and agricultural output. Exchange rates are related to the policy chosen by the Central Bank of Iraq in managing the foreign exchange market and in the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy. The research uses a quantitative method in estimating the levels of the impact of exchange rate shocks on some economic variables. Several methods are conducted to achieve the goals, including the VAR model, variance decomposition and Impulse Response Functions. The results showed that e

This study was  investigated the P transformation in three soils gathered from different locations (Agricultural researches center in Tel Afar, Ain-Talawi and Sinu in Singar) in north of Iraq representing different gypsum content and land use [wheat (W), vegetable (V), uncultivated (Un)] after incubation period of (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90) days. The soils were treated with 200 mg P kg^-1 as superphosphate (S) or 30 g kg^-1 soil manure as a cattle manure (A) or compost (p). The appropriate amounts of water were added to bring soil to estimated field capacity. After the specified time of each incubation period, sub-sample of soil analyzed

Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 in Karbala governorate, to study the effect of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems to determine water consumption of potatoes and irrigation intervals using polymers and bio-fertilizers in desert soils. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experimen

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol acetate) supplementation and melatonin implants on growth performance, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs fed by a high and normal energy concentrated diet in Iraq. Lambs were divided equally to two main groups to be fed either high or normal energy diet ,and each of them divided in to five treatment, the first as a control (T1,T6),two level of melatonin (18, 36mg/lamb) were applied to (T2,T3,T7,T8) and two level of vitamin E (200,400mg/lamb/day) to (T4,T5,T9,T10).All animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lambs received 400 g/day vitamin E with