Field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens seperatally or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers in interaction with four mineral fertilizer levels  zero, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity). Tow control treatments were used, the first included no addition of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer. The highest value of grain yield was achieved with the treatment of mixed bacterial isolates with an incr

Females of Colobomatus asiaticus Hayward, 1996 have been collected from prepercular canal of silver sillago Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775) from Iraqi marine waters during May 2016 and December 2017. The present work confirmed the original description of the species by possessing combination of characters: Short and rounded thoracic lobes and both third leg and genital segment with one seta. The present report Colobomatus asiaticus considered the new record from Iraq. Detail measurements of different body parts of female were given for the first time.

A Field experiment was conducted at the experimental field ,Department of field Crop ,College of Agriculture /University of Baghdad during summer season 2014.In order to study the effect of plant spacings on growth yield and lint qualities. The study included two factors, the first was varieties (Coker 310 , Marsum 1, Lashata , Ashur and Abu Ghraib 5 ) as whole plots , The second factor was spacing between plants with three level (20 , 25 and 30) cm as sub plots, Using complete randomized block design under split plots with four replications. The results showed significant differences between varieties in most  studied characteristic. Coker 310 gave highest average for seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield, 1457.00 and 439

The experiment was carried out at the farm of field of Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study the effect of boron elements and ethephon on some growth characteristics and the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The boron spray with three concentrations (50, 75 and 100) mg B.L^-1 in addition to control treatment (without boron) as a main plots, and the second factor was soaking of wheat seed with concentrations level of ethephon (1500, 2500 and 3500) mg.L^-1 in addition to control treat

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar nutrition on fig sapling  growth of cv. waziry at the College of Agricultural Engineering Scicences A factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates was used during the seasons of 2017-2018, using fig seedlings by spraying fertilizers (Foliartal) with four concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 ml.L^-1) and organic fertilizers (Tecamin Max) with four concentrations (0, 3, 4, 5 ml.L^-1). Results revealed that application folir of chemical fertilizers caused an increases in plant growth. the highest concentration (4 ml.L^-1) was the most effect leading to a

The calculations of gross domestic product (GDP) show the contribution of each sector, whether Service fully or productively, to the formation of the national income.The agricultural sector is an important sector, although it did not take the lead in the composition of GDP because of the large contribution of the oil sector, especially in recent years, which witnessed the return of Iraq to the international oil market. The research aimed to measure the impact of some economic variables in agricultural GDP and analyze the role that these variables can play on the growth of this output, which can promote growth in the Iraqi agricultural sector. The research was bas

Investments in ownership of agricultural machinery services and access to them, especially for small-scale farmers, may not be the minimum cost option in comparison with hiring these required services through oral or written agricultural hire contracts. The main objective of this research is to test whether the custom hiring status of agricultural machinery services is better for selected sample in comparison with the other potential alternatives. The theoretical framework based on the financial approach of engineering costs analysis of agricultural machineries services, to calculate discounted cash flows. The data were collected by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf Al-ashraf province during 2015 farmi

A field experiment was conducted in Alshakha area in Alexandria region in 2013, which lies 50 km south of Baghdad province, in order to evaluate the performance of the modified moldboard plow and its effect on some technical indicators of machinery unit percentage of slip, pulling power practice productivity and the size of disturbed soil. complete randomized  block design and split plot design was used tillage depth included  15, 20 and 25 cm, levels with machinery speed included 2.6 and 3.6 km / h which represented sub plot ,were shaded in this study. The result were shoved that the lowest percentage of slippage  and less pulling power and less a matter of the size of the soil and the highest productivity process

The research aimed to improve rice yield and income of farmers by managing the soil organic carbon to achieve food security in South Sumatra landscape. This research has been done in agricultural land of Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatra. This research is an experimental research by using completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was rice variety (local and superior), and the second factor was six ricefields, namely ricefields of sandy rainfed; loamy rainfed; lebak (freshwater swamp); tidal swamp; and technical irrigation. Composite soil samples were taken from each ricefield and analyzed in the laboratory for organic C content. Rice production data were collected by quadratic methods mea

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients that directly or indirectly affect all biological processes. It is a key component of energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and membranes. Phosphorus deficiency is considered to be one of the major limitations for crop production particularly in low-input agriculture systems around the world and nearly 80% of applied mineral P may be retained in the soil.  Roots provide an interface for P moving from one living system—the soil—into another living system—the plant. Microbial processes in soil are important for the distribution of P between various inorganic and organic P fractions and subsequently for the potential availability of phospha

 A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of unbaked soil  and baked soil  burned  at 400⁰C and 900⁰C as filters to remove some  heavy metals (Mn,Cu,Pb,Cd) from three water sources (waste water, Shatt al-Arab and Shatt al-Basra) at four periods (0 , 1/2 , 1, 24 hours. Concentrations of these heavy metals were estimated  before and after passing through these  filters , and removal efficiency was calculated . The results showed that baked soil  at  900⁰C had the highest removal efficiency  compared with that of 400⁰C and without baking.  Filtration at 24 hours was the best among other studied periods. The highest r

The paper were carried on rice farmers in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province. It aimed for studying economical efficiency for a random stratified sample of 5%. 235 forms brand have been collected. The paper depended, to maintain its aims, on using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) upon the production and costs functions of farms of the research sample under discussion. Many conclusions have been achieved The results of estimating the technical efficiency upon production function refer that the jasmine Anbar 33, Anbar Al Baraka, 84.2%, 88.9%, 86.4%. The total economic efficiency of these cultivars were 30, 26 and 10, respectively Depending

The wheat crop of the most important strategic food grain crops as it's source of food for more than (35%) of the world's population, particularly in third world countries from which Iraq.. This study deals with the subject of measuring the economic efficiency of rain-fed farms wheat in the region in order to identify the most important factors affecting the level of efficiency, in addition to estimating the size of the resources generated economic efficiency overall. It was obtained preliminary data from field sources by relying on a stratified random sample of wheat farmers included (225) farm productive season (2013-2014) in the province of Sulaymaniyah. It has been measuring the Total economical efficiency in

The aim of this study which have been implemented in the AL-mada,an area 40 km southeast of Baghdad in the silty loam soil to evaluate of interaction effect between inoculant with biofertilizers and salicylic acid on Iron  and Manganese availability in soils and concentration in leaves and some vegetative growth indicators As well as flowers and quantitative specifications production quantity of plant Beans when irrigation with river and drainage water, the experiment Carried out by using Spilt-Spilt-Plot Design it was treatment of irrigation is the main plot while the treatment of spraying with salicylic acid is sub -plots plots while the treatment of bio-fertilizers are pl

This research was conducted at the plant tissue culture Lab.College of Agriclture, University of Baghdad from February to October 2015. The aims of the study were investigate the  influence of light quality and Benzylamino purine ( BA) on some vegetative and chemical properties of shoots for two varieties Martinque and Yanara of Gerbera jamesonii . cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg.L^-1 NAA, 0.4 mg.L^-1 Kinetin, 0.3 mg.L^-1 Spermidine ,100 mg.L^-1 Adenine sulphate. The highest number of shoots/explant ( 6.14 ) were When MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L^-1 of BA grown under red light with Martinque variety Which did not

This research  was undertaken to evaluate five cycles of modified mass selection to improve grain yield in synthetic corn (Zea mays L.) variety IPA-5018. The selection was carried out in spring and fall seasons, during, 2013-2015 using 10% selection intensity. The five  populations obtained after selection and the original population were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The results were revealed a significant differences among selection cycles in grain yield and some yield components.  The cycle five produced highest grain yield (9699.30 kg.ha^-1) and increased 34.88% to the original population. The regression of grain yield, numbe

Worldwide, Prosopis Genus is widely spread and well known to be of high tolerance to harsh conditions. The P. juliflora and P. cineraria species were introduced to the Mediterranean, while P. farcta is a native one. The genomic structure of the chloroplast of P. juliflora, P. cineraria and P. farcta were targeted in this study. The chloroplast DNA samples were sequenced by genetic analyzer sequencer “Ion S5™ System. The results indicated the size of the genome to be ranged between 162900 bp in P. farcta and 163667 bp in P. cineraria. The full chloroplast of P. juliflora and P. cineraria genome were reported for the first time nationally

Indole molecules as a signal has an important role in bacterial ecosystem, this study was aimed and conducted on the extraction and partial purification of indole from pathogenic E. coli and study several indole characterizations parameters compared with synthetic standard one. A total of 134 urine specimens and other stool 152 specimens were obtained from Al-Ramadi Hospitals, during the period from November / 2018 to March / 2019.The results show the percentage of isolated E. coli from Urinary tract infection was 100 (74.6%)/134, While 152 (100%)/ 152 are isolated from stool. Primary and secondary screening concluded, there are ten isolates are considered as the best in production of indole. The most producible

This research aims to study the most important factors affecting profit function. Cross sectional data were used in the light of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar province. The results showed that the proportion of costs of production inputs amounted to 73% of the total production costs. Also, profit function showed that the amount of output has a significant impact on profit compared to other independent variables since value of the parameter of the quantity of production amounted to about 308879 and was significant at the level of 1% according to t-test. The coefficient determination of about 93% for the equation estimated with OLS. However, heteroscedasticity was obvious according to the White Test. So the model was es

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs or Drones have made great progress in the field of aerial surveys to study vegetation and farmland. The research focuses on developing smart systems for managing agricultural fields, thus facilitating decision-making, increasing agricultural productivity, improving profitability and protecting the environment. The paper highlights the ability of drones to distinguish agricultural land intended for cultivation and classified as deserted or cultivated or in the germination stage. For the first time in the Nineveh governorate, a Phantom 4 DJI UAV images were used, in addition to using the spatialized Pix4Dfielde program to process these images. Four types of the standard agricultural indices that rely on the vi

 The current study was aimed to synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using aqueous extract of olive leaves (OLE), which is very simple and eco-friendly method. ZnONPs were formed by dissolving of OLE in zinc oxide solution with adjusted pH to 12. Zinc acetate dehydrate reduced to ZnONPs during mixing with OLE associated with change of the color solution from white to pale yellow color within a few minutes. The synthesized OLEZnONPs were separated by centrifugation (4000rpm/ 5min) , then characterized by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) methods. The results of FT-IR sh

THis investigation aimed to study the effect of foliar application with zinc alone or in combination with salicylic acid on vegetative growth, yield, physical and chemical properties of Halawani grapevine cultivar during two successive seasons (2017 and 2018). Zinc was used at concentration of 2 and 4 g.L^-1 in a chelated form and salicylic acid at concentration of (50, 100 and 150 mg. L^-1) in addition to control treatment for each of them. The result obtained proved that all parameters such as leaf area, total chlorophyll, number and weight of cluster, yield, berries size and weight, as soon as TSS, total sugar, juice percentage and density, β-carotenes, Zn

This study aims to estimate critical concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil which negatively affect growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings, and to estimate some phytoextraction parameters for heavy metals (HM) from the soil to evaluate efficiency of seedlings in their potential use in phytotechnology to improve the environment with phytoremediation. Eucalyptus seedlings were treated with Cd concentrations 0, 25, 55, 85, and 110 mg kg^-1 dry soil as CdCl₂, and Pb concentrations 0, 125, 250, 450, and 550 mg kg^-1 dry soil as PbCl₂, and the experiment was designed using the completely randomized design (CRD) as a two-factor factorial experiments and the data we

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research and Experiments (station A), which belong to the college of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad with a silty loam soil by using Randomized Block Design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of using a combination of bacterial biofertilizer consist of Bacillus megaterium , Bacillus mucilagenosus and Rhizobium phaseoli with two levels of vermicompost (0 and 10 mcgh^-1) on plant growth parameters of Green Beans and its yield and availability of N,P and K in soil under two levels of mineral fertilization (0% and 50%) of fertilizer recommendation in addition to using the full fertil

This research was conducted at vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening –College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replicates. The hybrids (white, yellow, red) represented the main plots, symbolized (HW, HY, HR) and the colored covers of the tunnels (without cover, transparent, red, yellow, blue) represented the sub plots, which symbolized (C0, CW, CR, CY, CB).The statistical analysis revealed significant differences of HR in producing the highest values of the studied traits, such as, leaves number (14.73), leaf area (24.79 dcm²), plant yield (190 g

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Kisspeptin-10 as an alternative to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in estrus- synchronization protocol for improving the reproductive performance of Karadi ewes. Forty adult ewes of 3-7 years old and 65–70 kg live body weight were equally divided into four equal groups. Animals were inserted with a progestagen (60 mg MAP)-impregnated sponges for 13 days as estrus synchronization protocol. Following withdrawal of sponges, first group was served as control (C) and intramuscularly injected with normal saline only. The second group was intramuscularly injected with 250 IU of eCG (eCG), while those of third and fourth groups were intravenously injected with 4 and 8 µg /kg body w

Chicory contains dietary inulin and oligofructose compounds which have a beneficial effect on metabolism, as well as polyphenol type derivatives, which may be responsible for the antioxidant properties. The effect of different concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract of dried powdered leaves of chicory on CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo in mice, has been studied. Thirty-five mice (20-30 g) of age four weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups (seven in each). The mice orally received three different concentrations of chicory leaves extract (CLE) before injection for 3 consecutive days by CCl₄. The study showed that CCl₄ caused elevation in serum GOT, GPT, and ALP activities in mice, but th

This study was aimed to investigate the morphologic, macroscopic, and microscopic description with the paper pulp quality index was determined to facilitate its increased use and to analyze the variation of wood properties. Among different morphological characteristics Q. aegilops registered mean height (13.63 m) and diameter (26.04 cm), while bark thickness represented from 7.2 to 15.6mm. Average bark and wood percent was noticed (8.22%) and (91.78%) of the total volume, with annual ring growth width (3.17mm) that considered a slow-growing species. The highest heartwood proportion of stem volume was 75.32% and the lowest 42.01% with a mean of 61.46%. The sapwood proportion ranged between 23.68 and 57.99% with a mean of

This study was conducted at the college of agriculture – Al-Qasim Green University to investigate the effect of breed and age of dams on several growth traits of two sheep breeds, including 123 Iraqi Awassi and 78 Iranian Karakul breeds. Variables growth traits were examined in the present study, namely body weight (BW), body length (BL), wither height (WH), rump height (RH), and chest circumference (CC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Results indicated the absence of a significant effect between both breeds in all investigated growth traits in birth. Meanwhile, a significant (P<0.05) superiority of Karakul over Awassi was detected in month-3 in three growth traits (BW, WH, and RH), and in month-6, in four growth traits (BW, WH,

This study was carried out  to investigate the Inflammatory  reaction in broiler chicken after experimental infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) , which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) to measure pro inflammatory cytokines and IgG.  one hundred day old  broiler chicks  were randomly divided into five groups 20 birds each group, all groups except group 5 (control) were  infected at two weeks old with 0.2ml of 10⁶  cfu/bird of local MG ,groups treated as follows:  Group1 : infected  Intravenous( I.V) with MG isolate. Group2: : i