The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to indicate the p

The objective of this study to investigating and predicting the hazardous effects of monthly Ferrin temperature on horticultural and agricultural products at the North bar of Iran. For this purpose, the first stage data were obtained for the whole station temperature over a period of 30 years. Then, using Anfis adaptive neural network model, the data were analyzed for prediction and prediction for the next 6 years. Then, to measure the land suitability of Iran's northern strip for cultivating based on the predicted data, two models of Vikor and Topsis were used. Both the Topsis and Vikor multivariate decision making models combined the minimum temperature of the stations well, but did not reflect well at the maxi

This study was carried out on Euphrates River, which is one of the main sources of water in Iraq to assess the water quality of Southeast of DhiQar province. Water samples were collected monthly and seasonally at three stations from October 2016 to September 2017. Eight parameters were analyzed, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total dissolved solid, hydrogen ion, turbidity, chloride and electrical conductivity. Monthly variations of water quality index were differing among months in three stations of study area in Euphrates River. The lowest value of WQI in station 1 was poor (1.32) in June, and the highest (2.30) in November, the value was indicated a good water. At station 2, WQI values ranged from 1.28 in

The results of numerical response showed to increasing rates of egg production for the predator female with prey density increases, noting of a positive correlation between the number of eggs lying by the female predator and prey density, Being 7, 13.1, 17 and 30 eggs/female during her life when making egg densities of prey 10, 20, 40 and 60 eggs/day during the period of development of Larval ages respectively.  Statistical analysis results have pointed to the moral differences between those rates at 0.05 probability level. Food conversion efficiency was marked by ECI also increases with increasing density of prey . Food conversion efficiency to  eggs by female predator increased  in high densities of prey compared

This study was aimed to detect  Entamoeba spp. in domestic dogs by using the microscopic method and PCR. The study includes collection of 100 fecal samples by visiting a small animal private clinics in Baghdad, at the period from January 2019 to February 2020.  The microscopical results showed the rate of infection at Entamoeba spp. was (15%).  Show a higher infection rate in females (15.55%)) than in males (14.54%)without significant difference (P.0>0.05). The Prevalence of Entamoeba related to age was (22%), (6%) in young and adult age respectively. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate of  Entamoeba  in dogs fecal showed 15% . Ten positive PCR pr

The goal of the current work was to use Nigella sativa seeds' free and immobilised peroxidase to degrade textile dyes that pollute the environment and water. The enzyme was extracted for 15 minutes using a 1:20 (w:v) ratio, sodium acetate buffer at 0.2 M, and pH 5.0 after the optimal conditions for extracting the enzyme from Nigella seeds were determined. This yielded the highest specific activity of the enzyme, 1750 units/mg protein. The enzyme was purified in two stages: sucrose concentration and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. With a 35% enzyme yield, the findings demonstrated a 2,8-fold increase in final purification folds. The entrapment method with Ca alginate was used to immobilise peroxidase, and the immobilisation ratio w

The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in some Iraqi hospitals and determine the most powerful methods for identification of MRSA, in order to achieve the, 278 samples were collected from different hospitals in Iraq in various intervals, 204 out of 287 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by conventional cultural methods and microscopic characteristics and 177 isolates are identified as MRSA by using HiCrome MeReSa Agar Base medium, but 154 of 177 (87%) isolates are methicillin resistance in sensitivity test. MRSA isolates were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and considered multidrug resistant (MDR) in percent of (94.9%). Touchdown PCR used to identify the isolates,

Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the

 A Restricted Selection Index was constructed to genetically evaluate animals using a dataset composed of body weights of Shami kids at the ages of birth, weaning, and 6-month. The variance-covariance matrix (VCV) was generated and used to estimate genetic parameters for the index construction after adjusting the fixed effects; year, birth month, kid sex, type (single, twin or triplet) of birth, doe age, weights at kidding (KW), birth (BWT) and weaning (WWT) as covariates. General Linear Model and Restricted Maximum Likelihood methods were used to estimate BLUE for fixed effects and variance components for random effects, respectively. BW was 3.6

This study was aimed to identify the histological and histochemical composition of the Ileum in the Slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei). It was using histological stains and histological chemical techniques. The results showed that the Ileum was relatively long, so it characterized into two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The results showed that the mucous layer in the two parts consisted of villi that appeared conical in the anterior region and conical to a triangle in the posterior part, and the villi were more numerous and longer in the anterior part. The villi covered with a simple columnar epithelial tissue containing goblet cells in the two regions, but the goblet cells were significantly more

The objective of this study was to investigate the prophylactic roles of human enteric derived Lactobacillus plantarum L1 (Ll) and Lactobacillus paracasei L2 (L2), on EHEC O157:H7 infection in rodent models (In vivo). The Lactobacillus suspensions (L1 and L2) were individually and orally administered to experimental rats at a daily two consecutives of 100 μl (10⁸ CFU/ ml/rat) for up to two weeks.  Thereafter, on the 8^th day of experiment rats were orally challenged with one dose infection of EHEC (10⁵ CFU/ml/rat). Animals mortality and illness symptoms have been monitored. There was no fatal EHEC infection in rats that had been pre‑colonized with th

This study was aimed to investigate  the ability of Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberous L.) to absorb heavy metals in an oil-contaminated ecosystem.  The research was carried out in a  territory of the oil and gas pipeline  at the village of  Bytkiv of Nadvirna district.  Jerusalem artichokes were used for this study and planted on an area of 25 m².  The area of the experimental field in the village of  Maidan of Tysmenytsia district (control option № 1).  A

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower)

Based on the regulation (EU) No 2015/1107 in 8 July 2015, Willow (Salix alba) bark extract is a recent approved basic substance in Europe as a safe and effective environmentally friendly fungicide to be used in plant protection. Because of having indole butyric acid content, it is also used as a growth hormone to promote rooting in cutting propagation of wooden part in horticultural plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of willow extract and Ferbanat L (Bistep) on lettuce leaves. Bistep is an organic solution of nano fertilizer which is produced in Hungary and allowed as „Bistep plant conditioner”. Furthermore, the experiment evaluated their interaction on some bioactive compounds in different l

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6

Collagen hydrolysates were obtained from catfish skin collagen hydrolysis using catfish collagenase, pepsin and trypsin individually and mixed for 15-300min. The degree of hydrolysis , antioxidant activity based on, DPPH radical-scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power (RP) for all obtained hydro lysates were studied , then the collagenase hydrolysate was (CH)  was selected to be evaluated for  antibacterial activity , functional properties including solubility, emulsification and foaming  properties besides the toxicity  . The highest values for RSA (72.5%) has been noticed when DH reached (24.30%) after 30 min. of hydrolysis by collagenase (CH). The water and oil holding capacities for this hydro l

The agricultural sector consumes about 84% of the total actual water consumption annually in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, therefore, the research depends on questionnaire data that was judged before being used in the study of a random sample of 355 farms from Al-Ahsa Oasis which irrigated with two types of water (groundwater, triple-treated wastewater) to measure the economic impact of the using of triple-treated wastewater in irrigating palm and lemon crops, the results indicated a statistically significant correlation between the extent of farmers'  which using of triple treated wastewater in irrigation and all of: size of the tenure, family size and the educational level of the farmer. While the relationship was negative with

Root diseases are one of the main forest nursery problems that have a significant impact on forest production which are caused by Fusarium solani. Rhizobacteria from healthy forest soils were isolated and screened in streak method to select antagonistic strains against F. solani. Two isolates showed high antagonistic activity and molecularly identified as Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The capability of the Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were tested in greenhouse plastic containers experiments against F. solani. Soil bacterization with Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. significantly protected thuja seedlings from F. solani

Early pregnancy detection is vital for properly managing livestock farms by re-inseminating nonpregnant females and minimizing the calving intervals. The present investigation was executed to compare a rapid test (Dairy Cow Pregnancy Test from Span Biotech Ltd. Shenzhen, China) with a commercial bPAG ELISA test (IDEXX®) for pregnancy diagnosis in non-descriptive cows. The study also aimed to elucidate if the rapid test could be an alternative method to ELISA in the field. Blood and urine samples were collected from 43 cows to measure the concentrations of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (bPAGs) in the blood samples and detect progesterone via the rapid test in the urine samples. Examining the genital tracts was achieve

A trial was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (Miaclost) supplement on experimentally induced hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks, a total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into three equal groups 60 chicks per group with 3 replicates (20 birds /replicate) the dietary treatments consisted of a normal ration for G1, calcium-deficient ration 5% for G2 and calcium-deficient ration with addition of probiotics in drinking water for G3.Initial signs of rickets have been observed at 35-day of age in G2.while, in G1 and G3 no clinical signs observed, the gross lesions appeared enlargement of parathyroid gland, costochondral junction and increase in the width

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three culti

The present study was conducted in Sulaimani region at two different locations, Kanipanka and Qlyasan during winter season of 2019-2020 to estimate the response of forage yield and some competition indices to the effect of crop pure stands and their mixtures of barley and triticale intercropped with narbon vetch and grass pea with some different patterns. The experiment was designed according to Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications. As the average of both location the maximum green forage yield was produced by pure narbon vetch 32.610 ton ha^-1, while pure barley produce maximum dry forage yield and dry matter % reached 5.506 ton ha^-1 and 8.55% at booting stage respectively, but the crop

The estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of follicles and ovulation in chickens. The aim of this study was detect the association of estrogen receptor 2(ESR2) gene polymorphisms with the production performance of brown local Iraqi chicken. A total of 104 hens from the F4th generation of local chicken selected for high egg yield were used. The novel SNP(G40100A) transition within third prime untranslated region (3 prime UTR) of ESR2 gene. Three genotypes were found: Wild(GG), Heterozygous(GA), and Homozygous(AA) through (PCR-DAN sequencing). Chi-square analysis showed no significant  in genotypic and allelic frequencies for SNP which were agreement with Hardy-Weinberg

The study area was located in the North of Iraq. Five sites were selected that have formed from the limestone parent material. One pedon dug in each site and was divided into a number of horizons. Thirty-five soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses. The climate of study sites were similar to the Mediterranean Sea climate which is hot dry in summer and cool humid in winter. The mean of annual precipitation, varies from one site to another. Studied soils classified as Mollisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, and Aridisols. Study soils were relatively high clay content and its content at the surface horizons is lower than it at subsurface horizons, and soil texture was ranged between clayey to loamy, the high value

Determination of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in lab is cumbersome, time consuming, and costly. Accordingly, this article attempted to formulate pedotransfer functions for predicting it using some soil physical and chemical properties e.g., sand (SA), silt (SI), clay (CL), organic matter (OM) and calcium carbonate (CC). This research included four steps: preparing soil database; selecting independent variables which are related to CEC value; formulating models using NCSS 12.0.2 software, and the last step is to achieve specific objective of the research which is the comparsion among models by a series of efficiency criteria: root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (EF), average absolute p

This study was aimed to evaluation the yield stability of twenty bread wheat genotypes that cultivated at two locations (fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences of Duhok and Zenawa district) during the 2019 - 2020 with two planting dates in each location using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the mean square for each of the environments, genotypes and their interactions were highly significant for all studied traits, and the variations due to the environments were greater than those of each of the genotypes and the interactions for most of the studied traits. The values ​​of broad sense he

This study has been carried out at the Biotechnology Lab., Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University during the growing season 2019 - 2020, in order to detect the variations of SOS, HVNHX and SDO genes in different barley genotypes.  Clear variations in the SOS, HVNHX and SDO genes, which are responsible for salinity tolerance were found among the investigated genotypes. It has been found that the variation in the amplicon size between loci per gene was very high in some cases, while there was a high degree of symmetry in other cases, and could be easily distinguished on 2% Agarose gel. The PCR results for the SOS genes (SOS1, SOS2, SOS3), HVNHX genes (HVNHX1, HVNHX2, HVNHX3) and SDO genes (Cu/Zn

This study was conducted to investigate Babesia parasites infecting sheep in eight districts of Sulaimani governorate/north Iraq from April to October 2017. Forty flocks of small ruminants were selected to collect blood samples randomly from 450 sheep. The samples were examined for babesiosis by microscopic examination and PCR. Primers based on the 18S rRNA were used for Babesia diagnosis, followed by sequencing of the amplicons for confirmation of the PCR product identities. Seventy-four samples (16.44%) showed the presence of Babesia piroplasms microscopically, while 116 (25.78%) samples were positive using PCR. Results showed that B. ovis was reported in 15.78% (n = 71), and B. motasi

Twenty one Awassi lambs (4 month old and 23.59 ± 031 kg body weight) were used to investigate the effect of different levels of protein on growth, carcass traits, body composition, digestibility and some blood parameters. The lambs were divided equally and randomly and penned individually into three treatment groups, and fed ad lib on low protein (129.1 T₁) medium protein (140.6 T₂) and high protein (151.1 T₃, g/kg DM). After 72 days of fattening, 5 lambs from each treatment were chosen randomly and slaughtered. The result showed that lambs fed on T₃ diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily gain (210.83 g), better feed efficiency (4.8 kg/kg), higher dressing percentage (51.67 %)

This study was aimed to estimate the effect of essential oil extracted from callus of Lavandula angustifolia leaves as antioxidant and cytotoxic activity (in vitro). Different concentrations of essentail oil were selected, including 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100  µg/ml in determining antioxidant activity by using Free radical 1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The results showed the efficacy of essentail oil as an antioxidant and the highest effect at 100 µg/ml reaching 97% and 87% at 80 µg/ml respectively. Different concentrations of essential  oil ( 12.5, 25, 50,75 and 100) µg/ml wer