This study was aimed to investigate the coating of nanoparticles to minimizing harmful of  chemical fungicide in fruit industrial sector. The Effects of coating fruit surface with different concentrations of Nano-silver  on the development of mycelium growth of, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger during storage were estimated. Coated treatments with silver recorded fully reduction of the fungal growth (100%,) on surface of  fruit  with concentration of 50 ppm and 100 ppm as compared with uncoated samples and fungicide. Also, the treatment with 100ppm of silver showed a significant decrease in weight loss compared with uncoated fruit. Application of nanotechnology can be an important

This study was carried out at Qlyasan  location in Sulaimani region (Lat 35 º 34' 307''; N, long 45º 21' 992; E, 765 masl) for F₃ generation of seven pea varieties (1-Avolla, 2-Americana, 3-Jeza, 4-Joneor, 5-Packland, 6-Arvena and 7-Samara). The seeds of 21 F₃ crosses and their parents were sown in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD).With three replicates. The results showed that the mean squares of genotypes, gca and sca were highly significant for seed weight plant^-1 and most its important components. The parents Americana and Jeza recorded maximum values for all studied characters. The cross AvollaxAmericana recorded the highest value for seed weight plant^-1 and pod weig

This study was aimed to estimate the influence of Conocarpus erectus L. residues, and some micronutrients on growth and production of potato. This research was conducted at one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4X3X3) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. Conocarpus fertilizer was represented the first factor with three levels (7.5, 15, 30 ton.ha^-1), which symbolized (C2, C3, C4). Mineral fertilizer as recommended dose as a control, which symbolized (C1). The second factor was foliar spraying with three levels of iron (0, 100, 2

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) as additive for barley silage preparation at different ensiling times. Small scale silages were prepared from barley forage and four yeast levels were evaluated (0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g/kg FM). Silos were opened at 6, 12 and 24 days. Three silage-replicates were prepared for each yeast level × ensiling time combination. Silage quality in terms of CP and NDF and ADF concentration appeared to improve when yeast was added at 5 and 10 g/kg, compared with the control, but the quality decreased again when 15 g yeast/kg FM were aded to the silage. However, gas production, metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility linearl

This study was aimed to asses seed yield performances of 16 rapeseed genotypes  in randomized complete block designs (RCBD) with three replications at four Agricultural Research Stations of cold and mid-cold regions over two years in Iran (2015-2017). GGE biplot analysis indicated that the first two components explained 83% of seed yield variations. Genotype, location and their interaction explained 18%, 52% and 30%of the total GE variation, respectively. In this research, a graphically represented GGE biplot analysis enabled selection of stable and high-yielding genotypes for all investigated locations, as well as genotypes with specific adaptability. The GGE biplot analysis was adequate in explaining GE in

This study was aimed to use GIS techniques in climate studies. Analysis of monthly wind speed data for the period 1981 to 2017, and mapping of monthly, seasonal and annual wind speed in Iraq has been investigated in this study. The area of study was divided into three regions. the results of  Mann Kendall test of the middle and southern region reveal a significant decreasing trend in the months of the summer season. While positive trends of mean wind speed were found in the northern region for the whole period. Wind speed value reaches its highest value in (Jun and July), and the lowest value of wind speed was in December.  Seasonal wind speeds show the highest values recorded in the summer and spring seasons and the lo

This study was conducted during the two growing seasons 2016 and 2017 in the lath house at the College of Agriculture, Duhok University, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Uniform and healthy transplants of (2) years old sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars (evey loly and shampion) were used. The effects of three levels of Ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄) (as source of nitrogen) (0, 3 and 6 gm L^-1), three levels of seaweed extracts (alga21st) concentrations (0, 1 and 2 gm.L^-1) and their interactions on leaf nutrients status, the content of protein, carbohydrate were investigated. The results showed that cv. evey loly transplants significantly

This study was aimed to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases from diesel engines used in agriculture. Indicators are provided for a technical assessment of the efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning for diesel engines that have a significant impact on agricultural crops. A scheme for the installation of a common device to reduce the exhaust toxicity of diesel engines on the YaMZ-238 engine was described during the test and a research methodology is presented. The main results obtained during the improved toxicity testing device installed on the ULTZ-700 tractor are given with the YaMZ-238 engine, which fully reflects the efficiency of cleaning emissions. The reliability graphs are designed to characterize cleaning ef

The objective of this research is to determine the current crop structure of Al- Kadhimiya Agriculture Division farms in order to determine the optimal use of the economic resources available for the purpose of achieving optimum crop structure that maximizes profits and total and net agricultural incomes. The study based  on the use of (LP) technique to determine the optimum agricultural production plan with the highest net income  using the statistical program (QSB), as well as (MOTAD) model was used to determine efficient agricultural plans (Income - Deviation) (E-A) and derive plans that take into account the risk margin of each farm plan using (MOTAD), as a model of alternative (LP) models for quadratic programming

This study was aimed to demonstrate the seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii among ewes and horses as well as to determine the risk factors for infection in Duhok province. Sera and blood samples from 700 ewes and 62 horses were collected. Sera were examined by indirect ELISA for detection of anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies and in molecular study, DNA was extracted, then by PCR, B1 gene was amplified and the product visualized and sent off for sequencing. Serologically, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 17.7 (11/62) and 28.9 (202/700) in horses and ewes by ELISA respectively. Present of cats on the farm was significantly associated with T. gon

This study was aimed to produce AuNPs biologically using Klebsiella pneumoniae and study their synergistic effect with some antibiotics.Technologies of nanoparticles are quick and are employed in many applications in biomedicine. The potential of metallic nanoparticle as an anti-microbial agent is greatly investigated which considered as an alternative method to reduce the challenges of multi-drug resistance microbes. The present study discusses the novel approach to synthesize nanoparticles involving eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Klebsiella pneumoniae and study their effect as antimicrobial spectrum .Also study synergism effect of gold nanoparticles with an

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of barley consumption on sugar reduction in diabetic patients in male and female rats. The mice were divided into six groups with 10 mice per group. The mice injected the substance with 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The study included 60 mice of both sexes, injected with aloxane and a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The first group was represented by the control group as its members took standard food from the experimental animal food. The second group, which represents the induced control group as its members took the general measure of food, but injected the substance of the aloxane for comparison. While the third and fourth group

This study evaluates the role of some aromatic essential oil (AEOs) (Eucalyptus oil, Mint oil, L-Menthol, and Thyme oil) with different methods of administration,  antibody titer of  infectious bronchitis virus (IBv) vaccine with different routes of vaccination, and value of total lipid profile. The study is designed as follows { T1:Oral method for each them  (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily + vaccination against IBv-H120.T2: Spray method for each them (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly + vaccination against IBv-H120.T3: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.T4: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral  method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with

Ten  isolates of  Laccase producing bacteria were obtained from 50  isolates belongs to Bacillus sp. These isolates were isolate  from different local areas of soil  in baghdad.The  isolates were subjected to primary screening , and  revealed  high production of enzyme based  on consumed  time  during the reaction with syringaldazine (  SGZ )  reagent at 37 ° C. These isolates were  subjected to secondary screening. The results revealed that isolate 136  was the best producers with highest enzyme activity of 47.0 U/ml.   Identification of this isolate was achieved by studying morphological, microscopic

This study was conducted to investigate the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some biochemical traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks Ross308, one-day old were wing-tagged and reared under optimal conditions. Blood samples were collected individually from all birds on 21 and 35 days of age. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each of groups sorted according to growth rate for high, moderate and low to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. The serum traits of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alan

This paper reports the results of X-ray diffraction mineralogical and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of the shale units in the Devonian-early Carboniferous Kaista and Ora formations from northern Iraq. The mineral composition is uniform throughout the studied succession, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and palygorskite form the main clay mineral assemblage while quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite form the non-clay fraction of the studied shales. Kaolinite dominates over illite in the Kaista shale, whereas, illite and chlorite with common palygorskite dominate over kaolinite in the Ora shale. The clay mineral assemblage is largely of detrital origin and indicates rather cool and/or dry climatic conditions favouring m

The article presents the results of introgression of valuable genes from wild and cultivated species of Solanum and varieties of the world collection (CIP) to selection varieties in the production of backcross hybrids, selection of recombinants in backcross generations and in offspring from crossbred crosses among themselves, as well as special parent lines for implementation of programs in various areas of potato breeding. Studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of different types of crossing during backcrossing in the frequency of occurrence of recombinant forms with high rates of polygenic traits in the hybrid progeny. Hybrids-backcrosses for immunity to virus Y, field resistance to late blight and resis

The objective of this study, to was measure concentrations of some heavy metals in various imported and locally produced vegetable crops, including root crops (Turnips ''Brassica rapa'' and Carrots ''Daucus carrota''), stem crops (Potatoes ''Solanum tuberosum'' and Onion ''Allium sativa''), leaves (Lettuce ''Lactuca sativa''), and fruits (Tomatoes ''Lycopersicon esculentum'').These crops were collected from Baghdad central whole sales. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry technique was applied to measure heavy metal concentrations. In the imported vegetables, heavy metal mean concentrations were arranged in the following increasing order: Fe>Zn> Cu>Ni>Co>Cd>Cr>

Wheat is an important economic crop, various development projects adopted by the government to improve the level of production of all crops Despite the efforts to increase the production of grain crops, especially the wheat, the total production is still insufficient to meet the growing consumption needs, which led to widening of the food gap in addition to the increase in population and the increasing demand for food.The aim of this research is to Forecasting food gap and production of wheat in Iraq, Box-Jenkins one of forecasting method used to forecast production and food gap of wheat. Statistical programs Minitab and SPSS used to analyses data. The best method for Forecasting wheat production for the period 2

The research aimed at estimating the production function and the total cost function, as well as calculating the efficiency of resource use, technical, economic, price and cost efficiency. The research was based primarily on a simple random sample of 115 farmers in Baghdad governorate for the spring season 2016.The finding of the study reveal that the optimal size of production and the size of production that maximize profit reached about 98.6512, 112.8316 tons respectively. Technical, economic and price efficiencies were estimated at (61.8588, 61.8585, 90.479)% consequently, while cost efficiency was estimated at 0.66720, and the net farm income that achieved over all the sample less about 3726.9726 thousand din

Since the establishment of the global monetary system, economic relations have been intertwined as well as the high rates of trade and the multiplicity of currencies traded as the economies of the world are linked to each other in such a way that monetary policies applied in certain countries affect the economic policies of other countries. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign agricultural trade and some macroeconomic variables on the behavior of exchange rate whose effect is reflected on the structure of foreign agricultural trade. To fulfill paper requirement data were collected from secondary sources and one source was depended in collecting data which is ministry of planning – central statisti

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of explant and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on the production  of monoterpeniods compounds in the callus of Nigella sativa. The explant type had a significant effect on callus induction from the hypocotyl giving a significant increase on fresh and dry weight of 282.8 and 25.25 mg. respectively. as well, as the production of the borneol compound at 26.70 µg.100mg^-1 dry weight.The callus inducted from the cotyledon has a significant increase of the thujone, α-pinene, camphene and carvacrol c

The objective of this study was to investiget the effect of different kinds of egg yolk (hen, quail, turkey, and duck) on the awassi ram semen quality after cryopreservation. The semen was collected by using artificial vagina from four awassi rams and then evaluated , after pooling the semen samples and dilution with tris which contain egg yolk  made from poultry birds (10%) and glycerol (5%).The samples were kept in 4C for two hours and then exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor for (10min) and suck in liquid nitrogen, one month later, the samples were thawed at 37C for(5min).the sperm motility, membrane integrity, the percentage of dead and abnormal sperm and DNA fragmentation determination were evaluated. The results showed th

The objective concerning this study was to decide aggregation flavonoid content (TFC) primarily based of flavonoid-aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric method and determination of against bacterial action in Viola odorata (natural plant) utilizing reaction surface philosophy. Homegrown prescription or restorative plants have prompted the disclosure of various new medications, then non-tranquilize substances. Among it flora are kinds of the range group Viola has a region including family violaceae then accommodates round 19 species of comparable sort. Viola odorata (Banafsha) has considerable cell antioxidant properties. The among vitro reco

This Research was performed to evaluate the efficiency of Biofilm Biofertilizer produced from local isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium leguminosarum, with two addition technique include with bentonite as carrier and with liquid inoculant(without carrier) and three levels of chemical fertilizers (zero,25,50)% of recommendation on some growth and yield traits of wheat variety Rashid Biofilm Biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer affect significantly on all growth characters of wheat plant, Bentonite gave the best result compare with liquid inoculant, use of Biofilm Biofertilizer with 50% of the chemical fertilizer recommendation gave highest growth and yield of wheat .The duple Biofilm Biofertilizer of P. fl

The aim of this research to study the role of modern communication technologies in improving agricultural extension work in middle Iraqi governorates by providing infrastructure to use modern communication technologies in Agricultural extension work , support agricultural extension system to transform agricultural work to electronic government , electronic management of human resources , extension services introduced for the targeted people through internet  and the contribution of modern communication technologies in improving agricultural work .The population of the research includes the middle region governorates numbered (8) governorates .Anbar and Tikret were excluded because of the security conditions in the time of da

This study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer effect of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) fruit juice on cancer cell lines (in vitro) and its antioxidant activity. Study was performed on two cancer cell lines, human cervical cancer (Hela), rhabdomyo sarcoma (RD), and rat embryogenic fibroblast (REF) as a normal cell, at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml of fruit juice were measured at 24, 48, and 72-hr. with three replicates. Free radical 1,1Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was used for testing the ability as antioxidant on 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 µg/ml concentration of the loquat fruit juice. The results revealed that the  juice  of&

The experiment was carried out at the field of Field Crop - College of Agriculture-Univ. of Baghdad, during spring and fall seasons of 2013, under two levels of Nitrogen; 200 and 400 kg N.ha^-1, by using Randomized Complete Block Design, with four replications. The objectives of the experiment were to estimate the genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations and path coefficient of yield and its components that correlated with yield to rely on them as selection criteria  for high yield of maize. Results of statistical analysis showed that studied  traits contributed with 99% and 85% of yield variance at spring and fall under 200 kg N.ha^-1. respectively, and 99% and 93% of yield variance at s

Wilt death disease on date palm tissue culture offshoots is a new interested phenomenon observed in Iraq since a several years, represented by fungal disease infecting plants in pots and/or soil, causing graduate wilt starts from down fronds to the top, ending with death.  The survey results revealed that infection percentage ranged from 4% in Abulkhaseeb district to 4.5% in Al-Seeba area with no significant differences among infected orchards (P-0.369), while the death percentage was 6.2% in Al-Seeba area comparing with 2.4% Abulkhaseeb with no significant differences too (P=0.368). The isolation results confirmed that Fusarium solani was the main isolated fungus from all root samples. Five isolates of F.solani

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2017 at AL-Ramadi district, AL-Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The research was conducted in a silty Loam soil, to evaluate of the performance and used exudative irrigation tubes for previous season compared to drip irrigation in some hydraulic parameters: Irrigation systems, moisture distribution, Application efficiency cucumber crop factor of the  and cucumber yield. The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed an increase in uniformity coefficient at drip irrigation as it reached 97% compared with 96.2% for exudation, with variation percentage of 8.33% for drip irrigation and 11.32% for irrigati