This study aimed to identify the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet on growth performance and histopathological changes of the kidney and muscle tissues in Cyprinus carpio . A total of 300 fish with an average of weight 45±5 g, were randomly distributed into 15 plastic tanks, and were divided into five experimental groups; (group 1) served as control , fish fed  normal diet without solvent and AFB1, (group 2) positive control fish were fed with only solvent, and (groups 3-5) fish were fed diets containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg AFB1/kg of feed, respectively. Results showed the negative effect for AFB1 on weight gain, average daily gain of fish. Histopathological changes of kidney and muscles

The veterinary antibacterial Marbofloxacin (Marbo) is used in food-producing animals, including dairy cows, so the residues of this drug will be excreted through milk. This study was aimed to investigate  a risk of developmental and  neurobehavioral toxicity effects in newborn consumers exposed to the residues of this drug. To achieve this goal, suckling pups of  rats were selected as a model. Four groups of female lactating rats (5 dams for each group – 8 pups per dams) were divided into (A,B,C,D) treated with Marbo (0 (control) , 3, 6 ,9 mg/kg, i.m.) given once daily for 10 consecutive days (fi

This study was conducted in the field of the Poultry Research Station of the animal resources Department / office of Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture from the period 4^th April to16^th May2021.This study was aimed to investigate the effect of using avocado and chia oil and their mixture in broiler diets on the final productive performance and meat cholesterol concentration and measuring meat oxidation indicators after storing it for 60 days. 300 one-day-old (Ross308) chicks were fed on diets that used avocado oil and chia with percentages of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6%, respectively, and their mixture consisting of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 each of avocado and chia oil (50% avocado + 50% chia oil). The experimen

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at the Grdarasha Research Station of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College-Salahaddin University-Erbil. The experiment was designed as factorial within randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three target seeding rates of Triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack, variety Admiral (200,250,and300seeds.m^-2), while the second factor was three grain size grades whole, thousand kernels weight (TKW) 47.32 g, heavy seeds, TKW 54.04 and light seeds TKW 40.18 g. The results revealed to

The research aims to identify the financial feasibility of cultivating the wheat crop under modern irrigation systems in desert areas and to clarify the impact of the capacity of the systems in those projects in achieving the financial feasibility of their establishment, using the economic evaluation criteria for the projects. The research included a study of 60 projects in Anbar Governorate for the 2020-2021 production season. It has been shown that projects that use several systems, despite their high investment costs, can recover the money invested in them within a relatively short period. The projects that use modern irrigation systems covering 60 donums were among the best projects that achieved technical efficiency in the p

The current study was aimed assessing the effects of cultivars, sowing date and locations on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) quality parameters grain protein concentration (GP), Gluten Index GI, falling number (FN), Water absorption capacity (WAC %), Pasting temperature (PT), and loaf volume (LV) of five bread wheat cultivars viz. Alla, Hassad, Charmo, Maaroof, and Adana as control, two sowing dates (Nov 15^th, Dec 15^th) at each location under rainfed environment. Grain samples were obtained from previous field experiments were conducted at two locations of Sulaimani Governate in Iraq-Kurdistan-region, Qlyasan and Halabja, during growing seasons 2018-2019.

The study was aimed to identify the concepts of water footprint and virtual water and how these two concepts could be used to achieve water savings at the local level to meet the water supply deficit in Iraq,which is expected to increase in the coming years through studying the water footprint and virtual water and their impact on the foreign trade for wheat and rice crops during the period 2000-2020 and estimating the most important indicators of virtual water and the water footprint of the study crops due to the importance of these criteria in determining the amount of increase or decrease in the area of ​​the studied crops.According to the foreign trade policy.This study was concluded that the average total water footprint

This research was aimed to investigate a model of confirmatory structural validity for indicators of adopting axial sprinkler irrigation technology for wheat producers in Ain Al-Tamr district as the Karbala governorate during the agricultural season (2020-2021) through a number of hypotheses to measure and estimate the latent variables based on the five-point Likert scale to show the behaviors and psychological preferences for a set of phrases the samples targeting of farmers to the most important factor affecting the adoption of pivot sprinkler irrigation technology. The sample consisted of (100) farmers and based on the method confirmatory factor analysis and using the AMOS program. The most important influencing factors were o

This study was aimed to investigate histopathological changes in the lungs of sheep and goat. A total of 4061 lung samples (3667 sheep and 394 in lungs goats), All samples were collected during October 2020 till October 2021. According to macroscopical and histopathological  features, different types of pneumonia with percentages rate in both of sheep and goat are recorded, which are  including acute suppurative  pneumonia, acute suppurative bronchopneumonia, Acute fibrinous pneumonia, acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, Broncho-interstatial pneumonia, chronic granulomatous pneumonia, Haemoorgic pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchopneumonia, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, chronic bronchit

The aim of this research is to add various quantities of organic selenium with or without α-tocopherol to support growth and reduce oxidative stress. A total of 168 fingerlings of common carp Cyprinus carpio with an average weight of 31±2 g/fish were distributed in 24 glass aquariums. Fish were fed on eight different experimental diets, including a control, and a diet that contains 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/kg of organic selenium (2nd, 3rd and 4th diets) respectively. The fifth, sixth and seventh diets contained the same amounts of organic selenium with 300 mg/kg of α-tocopherol, but only α-tocopherol was added to the eighth diets. The results of a statistical analysis found that the use o

This study was aimed to testing 25 genotypes (5 parents + 10 diallel + 10 reciprocal crosses) using full Diallel mating design in winter season 2021-2022 for F₂ generation of common wheat, in two locations. The first was in Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences; University of Sulaimani located (Lat 35° 34′; N, Long 45° 21′; E, 765 MASL), the second was in Koya Agricultural Station-Ministry of Agricultural (Lat 36° 04′; N, Long 44° 37′; E, 582 MASL). The results of the study confirmed that the mean squares of genotypes was highly significant for all characters in both locations, the same for the mean squares for gca with the exception of grain weight plant^-1

The study was aimed to determine heterosis, GCA, SCA and some genetic parameters in maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds for half diallel crosses among eight inbred lines Planted in spring season 2021 during fall season 2021, the eight parents and 28 hybrids were sowing (10/7/2021) using Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications at the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effects in all studied traits except number of ears per plant.  The (Un44052) line was superior in number of rows per ear and grain yield per plant, while the cross (Zp-505 x Un44052) was superior in number ear per plant

This research was aimed to purified beta-glucosidase from apricot seeds using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography, then ion exchange chromatography.  Ion exchange chromatography resulted in the enzyme sample with a specific activity of 41.3 U/mg with a purification fold of 15 and a yield of 30.3%.  The apricot beta-glucosidase had an optimum pH of 4 with good stability between pH 3 and 6.  The optimum temperature was 60°C and there was good stability between 5 and 40°C.  Faba beans treated at pH 5.5 containing beta-glucosidase showed higher total vicine removal than with only water at pH 5.5 after 4 h.  Additionally

This study was aimed to identify the types of aerobic bacteria in individuals with gangrene. Among 106 swabs from the site of gangrene in diabetic individuals, the percentage of females was 37 (34.99%), and a male was 69 (65.1%). The highest percentage at age group 46-55 year was in male (33.33%) and 24.32% in females, while the lowest percentage at 15-25 year in female was (5.41%) while in male was zero. The mean age was 54 years among males and females. Out of 106 swabs, 76 different types of bacteria were isolated. The Gram-positive bacteria were dominant 42 (55.3%), the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (57.1%), and the lowest was M

This study was aimed to determine the optimum conditions of urease extracted from different plant sources and evaluate its biochemical properties. Eighteen types of plants commonly used namely Tomato, Chickpea, Sesame, Mustard, Lebbeck, Watermelon, Soybean, Cotton, Male Iraqi berries, Female Iraqi berries, Indian berries, Pumpkin, Muskmelon, Legumes, Cowpea, Radish, Pisum and Phaseolus were taken and tested for the presence and activity of urease. Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) was selected as the plant source with highest specific enzymatic activity among them (2.51 U/mg protein) when extracted the enzyme after ground seeds using 0.15 M of tris base buffer pH 8.5 at a ratio 1:10 (w:v) fo

This study was aimed to investigate the Portulaca oleracea is a succulent plant in Portulacaceae family distributed around different regions of Iraq as collected widely in the gardens of Baghdad governorate. The results of this study shown that a systematic significant of morphological and anatomical data. Individuals of purslane showed herb habit with branched shoot stems. Stems and leaves are glabrous and leaves are alternate, the petiole is absent. There is variation in morphological characters as (Flowers, inflorescence architecture), these inflorescences were viewed as clustered in the form of small one carrying many male and female flowers as the inflorescences take the form of lon

The current research was carried out to enhance Aloe vera propagation via tissue culture technique. BA at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l alone or combined with 0.1 mg/l NAA were used for shoot proliferation. The best result was recorded by using 2mgl-1 BAP (5.33 shoots/ explant). Meanwhile, combination between 2 mg/l BAP with (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) mg/l kinetin, NAA or IBA were tested and best protocol was shown by using 2 mg1-1 BAP + 0.6 NAA which recorded 4.89 shoots/ explant. For rooting, MS medium at half and full strength salts were used supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4mgl-1 of NAA. The result revealed that 3 mg1-1 NAA at half strength of MS medium regenerate developed roots (8.67 roots / shoot) within 4 weeks. The well successful healthy plantl

This research was aimed at analyzing the saving behavior of Saudi households in AL-HASA governorate, the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via questionnaire randomly distributed to a sample of 308 Saudi households. The poverty line income was estimated as equivalent to break-even level in saving function, was estimated at 10500 Saudi Riyals per month. Using OLS method consumption and saving functions for Saudi households in AL-HASA governorate were estimated.  The marginal propensity to save for poor was higher than that of non-poor households with a statistically significant difference of about 0.35. This indicates that poor households are more willing to save compared to non-poor households if income incre

A field study was conducted to observe the effects of chemical fruit thinning and their time of application on fruit yield and quality of date palm cv. Khalas at Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Fourteen date palm trees were randomly selected for the experiment, which was laid out on two-factorial randomized complete block design having six replicates for each treatment. Factor-one comprised of the six chemical (ammonium thiosulphate at 1, 2, and 3% and ethephon at 100, 200 and 300ppm) excluding control, whereas the second factor was the time of application of these two chemical thinners (5 and 10 days after pollination). The findings of this study indicated that the chemical fruit th

The first and only annotated index of the domestic literature on cedar for 1755–1957 «Cedar forests and integrated use» was compiled by well-known local historian M.F. Petrov and published in Sverdlovsk in 1961. The index includes 614 works combined into 7 sections: fruiting of cedar forests, pine nuts, resin tapping of cedar, physicochemical properties of cedar wood, natural regeneration and cedar cultures, insect pest and complex use of cedar forests. Interest in study and use of cedar forests increased sharply after the decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of October 26, 1957 «On measures to improve the use of cedar plantations, development of handicrafts and increase in harvesting of pine nuts, fur peltries, u

This study was aimed to determine the effect of milk fortification with encapsulated and non-encapsulated iron on the physiochemical, rheological and sensory properties of the functional yoghurt. Different concentrations of capsulated ferrous sulphate 5, 7.5, 15 mg / 100ml milk were used and represented as T2,T3 and T4 treatments respectively, as well as the treatment with non-encapsulated iron 15 mg / 100 ml as T1 and control treatment (C) in which yoghurt was made from whole milk without iron addition. The physiochemical, rheological and sensory properties of the products were tested during storage period at a temperature ( 5 ± 1) ° C.

The present study has been done to assess the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of honey formed by innovative way (HW) in comparison with two  honey formed by different feed sources ; nectar of flowers (HF) and sugar syrup (HS), against the cytotoxity and genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice bone marrow cells ,which was evaluated using chromosomal aberration (CA).  This search was carried out through two stages. In the first stage, mice were orally treated daily with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as negative control group, and the other three groups were orally  treated daily with two doses  of the three types of  honey (300 and 600 mg/kg) for  7 a

Seven plants species that belong to Asteraceae (Compositae) family have been investigated micro-morphology with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Plants were collected from University of Baghdad campus during January to May in 2017-2018 and the species are: Calendula persica C. M. May, Carduus pycnocephalus L., Erigeron canadensis L., Lactuca serriola L., Silybum marianum  (L.) Garth, Sonchus oleraceus L., Urospermum picroides (L.) Schmidt. The aim of this study was to describing the external morphology of seeds as well as a detailed study of pollen grains morphology. Special emphasis is given to the si

In this study, two isolates A. lowffii, and A. baumannii were obtained clinically, and genomically identified by 16S rRNA assessment with the accession number (MH685113.1 and MH685112.1) for A. lowffii and A. baumannii respectively. The sensitivity profile of the isolates was variable, and A. baumannii was the most resistant strain towards a wide range of antibiotics, and it did not show any growth defect in the presence of β-lactam antibiotic, in comparison with A. lowffii. We identified that the bla_OXA-23 gene was responsible for imipenem resistance in A. baumannii, whereas, bla_OXA-51-like was moderately confer resistance tow

This study was aimed to provide the baseline information of epiphytic diatom communities in the Tigris river within Wasit Province to fill the information gap on the algal distribution. This investigation was conducted on epiphytic diatoms from two macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum alterniflorum) and related physicochemical parameters of the river from June 2015 to May 2016. Three sites were selected along the river (Al-Aziziyah, Zubaidiyah, and Numaniyah). Qualitative and quantitative study of epiphytic diatoms was investigated. A total of 277 species of epiphytic diatoms were identified on both macrophytes, these diatoms belonged to 27 genera for C. demersum

current study was conducted to determine the effects of Chromium piclonat supplementation on some  productive  traits and serum parameters of male rabbit exposed to heat stress by used electric heaters  ,twenty four male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups 6 for each, first group put in normal suitable climate condition based diet without additional Chromium and kept as positive control group , while The other  three groups exposed to heat stress  , the basal diet was consisted of 0, 300 , and 500 ppb of Chromium piclonate  respectively as a feed additives . All rabbit received feed and water ad libitum, the results showed  t

The aim of this study to investigate the  prevalence of Cryptosoridium spp. in domestic  dogs  in Baghdad city, by  using microscopic  examination(flotation and staining) and molecular techniques .The results revealed that the rate of Cryptosporidium infection was 15% by microscopic examination and 28.6% using PCR, our study showed that the infection rate was 8.5% in males  and 21.42% in  females by microscopic examination , while the infection rate by using PCR in males and females was 21.42%, 35.71% respectively. The percentage of infection in the age  groups <1 year  a

Two field experiments of jojoba plants were carried out in Almaghara Research and Production Station followed to Desert Research Center, Agriculture Ministry, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, at 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, Respectively. Therefor to study the influence yield of five clones (S-L, S-610, S- 700, S-B and S-G) under foliar spray of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and proline [(50:50:50(conc. 1); 100:100:100 (conc. 2) and 200:200:200 ppm (conic. 3)] on jojoba plants at four and fourteen years old from planting.  The experiment was conducted as split plot design, were varieties order in the main plots and treatments in sub plots, uisg three replicates. esults showed that the foliar appli

This study was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of formic acid (FA) and urea on chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of common reed silages. About 400-500g of silage samples were prepared by treating chopped reed plants (2-3 cm) with solutions containing 10% of date juice, 0.5, 1 or 1.5% of FM and 0, 1 or 2% of urea. Silage samples were packed in double nylon bags and stored anaerobically for 60 days. Results showed that green color was roughly dominant in most samples of silage with vinegar odor. Samples were well aggregated with little mold was observed in few urea untreated silages. Results revealed also that increasing le

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the impact of humic acid with different levels of saline water on the movement of Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium, and the kinetics of Sodium adsorption ratio in calcareous soil with a texture clay loam using the mixing displacement techniques. The soil was taken from the surface layer (0-30 cm), air dried and passed through a 2 mm diameter sieve. It was filled in columns of polyethylene. A fixed column of water was placed above the surface of the soil column of different salinity water (0.72, 3.00, 5.00 and 7.00 dSm^-1), in accordance with humic acid levels of 0.00, 0.25 and 0.50 g L ^-1. The proce