This study was carried out using 94 ewes at Erbil plain - Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the period from May 2016 to April 2017. The overall mean mortality rates from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age were 8.6 and 6.6%, respectively. Age of dam, type of birth, weight of the dam at matting, Body Condition Score (BCS) and birth weight had an important significant (P<0.05) impact on lamb mortality from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age. This research revealed  that a higher  lamb  mortality (4.2%) was registered for  dams aged  2 years, while a  lower mortality(6.6%) was found in dams aged 5-6 years, no significant differences in mortality among males and females were appeare

This research aims were to evaluate management of broiler production projects in Baghdad province via using the criteria of management, included production index and economic figure (PI and EF) that specified to those projects. in addition to criteria of economic efficiency also applied (INME) index number of management efficiency, in order to the research requirements, data were obtained based on a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which was collected by personal interview of (60) projects of the broiler production projects from (516) projects representing 11.6% of the research community in Baghdad province  in 2016. The results show that mean of PI and EF was (338). The increase in these two criteria is generally du

The efficiency of management is determining factor for the success or failure of agricultural projects generally and Livestock particularly achieving its objectives. Therefore, this research came to diagnose the most important variables that determine the efficiency of management using the probability regression models to measure the probability of management efficient of broilers production projects using  random sample included (60) broilers projects represented 11.6% of Baghdad province (research community) in 2016. After estimating the relationship between the management efficiency (descriptive dependent variable) and the independent variables affecting it (age, educational level, produc

The current study was aimed to isolate and diagnosis Bacillus mucilaginosus and evaluate its use as biofertilizer alone or interfere with Glomus mosseae on growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) Randomized completely block design was used at the Field of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad  Al-Jadriya in silt clay loam soil. The biofertilizer was used  alone or as combination that added with or without 50 Kg P ha^­¹ of rock phosphate and with or without 120 Kg K ha^­¹ while, 250 Kg N ha^­¹ was added as urea (46%N) to all treatments. Results showed the superiority of bacterial or fungal biofertilizer on enhancing all growth traits of corn and the ad

Background: Pseudomonas putida can efficiently degrade phenol. The aim of this study was to determine the level of expression of the decomposition of the biological bacteria pseudo-foul pseudomonas putida affected by pesticides. Methods: the study included the collection of 125 different soil samples from the soil surrounding the roots of different plants. Culturing and biochemical tests, also diagnostic devices using the Vitek system for diagnosis of Pseudomonas putida. genetic variation of genes responsible for biodegradation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect DmpN gene for molecular diagnosis and RT-PCR for gene expression. the results of the PCR sho

This study investigate the effect of concentration of lead ions (Pb²⁺) at 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,20,30, 40,50 and 100 mg L^-1, concentrations of the quantity of the adsorbed Pb on surface of calcium carbonate at a temperature of 298° Kelvin with all other variables remained constant, was carried out and this experiment was conducted in a single batch and using lead nitrate solution . The results showed that quantity of the adsorbed lead increased from 2.6 to 1924 mg kg^-1 Calcium carbonate, and when single and two surface  Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin and Polani equations were applied, they were able to describe lead adsorption on the surface of calcium carbonate at the used concentratio

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a  river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities  1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m^-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of topping and plant densities on growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) .A field experiment was conducted at the research station of Field Crop Department-  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad,during  two summer seasons (2016 and 2017).This study included two factors using Ranndomiled Complele Block Design within split plot arrangement  .The first factor, regulate growth  through foliar with the growth retardants (pix) at the beginning of flower buds appearance , foliar at the beginning of The flower appearance and growing tips topping at the  beginning of flower buds appearanc

This research was carried out at the fields of Field Crops Dept. Coll. of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during the season 2017-2018, to investigate the effect of Nano fertilizer NPK (Fn1, Fn2, Fn3: spraying with the liquid fertilizer 20%-9%-10% with 15% concentration of the levels 750:90:600, 500: 60: 400 and 250: 30: 200 mg L^-1 and Fgn1, Fgn2, Fgn3: spraying the liquid fertilizer at 7.50% concentration of the same levels plus 50% of the soil Fertilizer) on flag leaf area, grain yield and some of the quality traits of three wheat varieties. Using randomized complete block design with split plot arrange with three replications. The results showed increases in grains yield (48.99%), protein percentage (27.24%), gluten ratio i

Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) was used to characterize the alterations in DNA methylation in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and their half-daillels affected by plant densities (213333 plant h-1 and 13333 plant h-1). The two restriction was enzymes ( HpaII and MspI) succeeded in diagnosing a total of 23 specific loci, most of (22 loci) were Methylation Sensitive Loci (MSL), while the only one NML (No Methylated Loci) was monomorphic. Thirteen out of 22 MSL loci polymorphic, recording a were polymorphism percentage of 59%. Results of FeSOD gene expression cleared the different response of maize inbreds and hybrids to high plant density stress. Generally, the expression of  the targeted gene

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L^-1 and the amino

Bacterial starter Lactobacillus plantarum at concentration of 5% was added to the pastarma which was manufactured by using buffalo meat at ratio of 3 meat: 1fat. The fermentation process was done at 37 C^o and relative humidity of 80-85% for 48 hours for each inoculated sample. After this process, spices and garlic were added, the pastrama was stuffed in natural covers. The pastrama was matured at 15-17 C^o and relative humidity degree of 75-80% for 3 weeks. This study was carried out for following effect of the bio preservation by using Lactobacillus plantarum in the buffalo meat pastarma the microbial tests of the meat mixture showed that the total count of microorganisms, coliform

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract by (ethanol: methanol 1:1) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at different concentration started with 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica had the highest antibacterial activity at 20 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL except in Pseudomonas aeruginosa where the value of inhibition was between 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL whereas The MIC concentration

Iraq has been endemic for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with natural infection causing significant losses in the poultry industry since 1968. This study was designed to  identify a natural infection of NDV  occurred in three governorate in the northern part of Iraq (Erbil, Sulymaniyah and Duhok)  among chicken flocks and estimate its virulence  by the mean death times(MDT) and intra-cerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). Ninety six flocks with high mortality were examined for post mortem lesions and the samples collected from suspected ND chicken flocks, either sick or dead showed characteristic clinical findings and show positive rapid test for NDV antigen. The collected sample

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deprivation on productive traits of newly post hatched chicks. A total number of Ross 308 birds (120) were divided into four groups as in the following way: group1 (G1=38 bird), was regarded as positive control and had been supplied directly with the feed, whereas group2 (G2=27 bird), group3 (G3=28 bird) and group4 (G4=27 bird) were supplied with the diet at post hatch period of 24h, 48hr and 72h respectively. Water supplied was ad libitum to all groups immediately after placing. Result revealed that G1 showed significant performance (P<0.05) according to the level of yolk sac absorption (Y.S.A), Feed Conversion Ratio (F.C.R). The final body weight gain (B.W.G) sh

The aim of this study is to determine the toxicity of Thymus Vulgaris aquatic plant extracts comparing with copper sulfates against Bulinus truncatus the vector of urinary Bilharziasis. Samples of the snails were collected from a site in Al-Rasheed district (30 km) southern of Baghdad.  The isolation, identification, and acclimatization made in the laboratory. Many toxic parameters as NOEL (Non-Observed Effect Level), Threshold, EC (Effective Concentration) and LC (Lethal Concentration) levels were determined in this study. The EC50 of T. vulgaris and Copper sulfates to B. truncatus were (8.4, and 0.9g/L) respecti

This study was conducted to investigate the normal maturation process of erythriod lineage in bone marrow of adult Iraqi goat. Five healthy adult male goats aged 26-34 months were chosen for this study. A simple technique used for obtaining marrow from goats, employs sedation  xylazine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg body weight. Skin incision was made over the iliac crest. Marrow was aspirated with a syringe and smears were made directly.  Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of an adult goat included a successive morphological alteration resulting in production of erythrocytes. The lineage of erythroid of bone marrow of adult goat comprises; Rubriblast , Prorubricytes, Rubricytes, Metarubricytes, and Reticulocyt

In this study, soil samples were collected from two locations: Samawa and Rumetha in southern Iraq. The samples from each location were split into two datasets: calibration set and validation set. A representative soil sample for each location was chosen for application of 5 levels of potassium phosphate fertilizer in 3 replications. Vis-NIR reflectance (350-2500 nm) and GIS-Kriging were used in combination with Partial Least Square (PLS) to predict soil available P. According to the results of this study, three wavelength regions were reported as a main sensitive bands for soil available P. The best prediction ability was achieved for Rumetha location at 1400-1600 nm with an R² of 0.85, lowest RMSE of 1.405, and lowes

The objective of this research was production, purification and characterization of  Bifidobrevicin-LHM from  Bifidobacterium breve isolated  from women breast Colostrum. The antibacterial activity of crude and purified Bifidobrevicin-LHM on Streptococcus.agalactiae were assayed, also investigated their effect on β-hemolysin activity which is purified from S.agalactiae in vitro .We developed an untried mouse model of acute S.agalactae pneumonia, biochemical, histopathological, microbiological, innate and specific immune response were determined. Purified and  crude Bifidobrevicin-LHM exhibited bactericidal  action against S.agalactiae isolates and its  β-hemolysin activity in vitr

In this study, evaluated the effect of turmeric dietary addition on immune response against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Infectious bursal disease (IBDV). and histopathological changes in some internal  organs was evaluated in 42 day old broiler chicks. ninety-six Ross broiler chicks were reared from 1  to 42 days old and divided randomly into four groups, Feed and drinking water were offered ad libitum.  Group1 (G1) received turmeric (0.2%), while group2 (G2) received turmeric (0.4%), Group3 (G3) received turmeric (0.6 %) and group4 (G4) was the control positive received basal diet . At the end of the trial  

There is no doubt that improving of economic performance of farms by using various factors of production available increases the participation rate of the agricultural sector in the GDP. The challenges those facing activity of beekeeping led to the departure of production units of this activity to achieve optimal productivity, which is employing economic resources used, and the level of economic and technical efficiency of these resources, so analyze the production economies and determine the level of technical efficiency are contribute a lot about the extent of the contribution of economic resources used in production and diagnose bugs and shortcomings down to put processors to ensure achieving the optimal use. The study aimed t

This expereament was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq, during 2014, using two types of explants (Shoot tips and nod segments) in the establishment stage. The highest percentage of shoot /explant (100%) was obtained from Stockton Morello rootstock on both media, while 96.88% was recorded with WPM (Woody plant medium) from nodal segment in F12/1 Mazzard and (87.5%) was observed from shoot tip in Mohaleb. While the highest shoot number with three rootstocks (24.50, 24.38 and 22.25 shoot /explant) with Stockton Morello, F12/1 Mazzard and Mahaleb respectively, were recorded from nodal segment with WPM. While the lowest numb

A study was conducted during fall season of 2015-2016 at Qwshtapa farm village of Grdmala, Erbil to study the effect of different rates of Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizers application on nutrient balance and yield of Broccoli. Treatments included 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 60,120,180 and 240 kg N ha^-1), and 5 levels of potassium (0,150,300,450 and 600 kg K ha^-1) in factorial experiment in RCBD with three replicates. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated system (DRIS) methodology was applied to study nutrient balance. Results indicated that yields were 23.916 and 11.233 Mg ha^-1 for N₃

Fifty  P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from patients suffered of wound, ear and chronic pulmonary infections  to assess the presence of nan1 and nan2 genes .P. aeruginosa isolates were 10(20%) from chronic pulmonary infection ,20(40%) from each of ear and wound infections. isolates exhibted highly sensitivity to (Cefepime ,Meropenem ,Azitheromycin) and version resistance to Cefotaxime, Gentamicin, Ceftazidim ,Clorithromycin, Tobramicin,Ciprofluxacin In percentages (70% ),(60%) ,(50%), (40%) , (36%) and(34%) respectively.Seventeen isolates were choosen  to searching nan1 and nan2 genes by PCR technique depending on the resist to four groups of antibiotics (A

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Physical Education & Sport Science-University of Baghdad /Jaderiea fields at  2015-2016 season, to study the effect of planting Broad  bean and onion either in monoculture or intercropped (bicultural ) interacted with three levels of nitrogen (0,40,and 80 kg N ha^-1) on growth and productivity of both crops ,amount of N taken up and on nitrogen budget in a split plot experiment within RCBD in three replicates . Nitrogen application especially 2^nd level (80 kg N ha^-1) significantly increased growth and yield of Broad bean . Yield of fresh pods increased from 1.36 kg plant^-1 at control to 1.74 kg plant^-1 with N

A field experiments were carried out at Abu- Graib Research Station- Agricultural Research Office- Ministry of Agriculture, during the season 2014- 2015 to investigate the performance of 225 pure lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which at sixth generation after crossing among local and exotic genotypes (produced from 2008 to 2014)  with their parents. The experiment was conducted using Simple Lattice Design with three replications. The objective of this experiment to evaluate those genotypes for yield and its components. The results were revealed highly significant differences among genotypes in all studied traits. The genotype 99 gave higher number of spikes plant^-1 (44.8 spike), geno

This research aims at predicting the imported quantities of rice in Iraq for the period 2016-2023 through the use of the self-regression model (VAR). The values ​​of explanatory variables (local production, population, national income, local price index, of rice consumption), where the predicted values ​​for each of these variables are estimated separately using the moving average method based on the data of the last 10 years. The research concluded that there is no difference between the actual values ​​and the predicted values ​​in the short term. This is the problem that emerged from the research which is the mismatch between these values. Therefore, the research recommended that the short term forecasts be ado

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determ

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determ

This study was carried out in vitro to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of dates honey (DH) as soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and urea on fermentation quality and nutritive value of corn cobs silages (CCS). CC was ensiled with 4 levels of DH, 4, 6, 8 or 10% and 3 levels of urea 0, 1.5 or 3%. CCS samples were packed in double layer nylon bags and kept anaerobically for 60 days. Results revealed that color of CCS samples were ranged between yellow and brown. Smell of diluted vinegar was detected in samples made with addition of DH only, whereas, those made with addition of low and high levels of urea were characterized with smell of diluted and concentrated ammonia respectively. Increasing DH level from 4 to 10%