This study was aimed to estimate the antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract from soybean seeds against pathogenic microorganisms. The methanolic extract was prepared from defatted soybean flour. Total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the major phenolic, flavonoid, and isoflavone compounds in soybean extract were estimated by HPLC. On the other hand, biological activities such as antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were evaluated. The value of phenolic compounds was 8.59 mg GAE/g extract, while the value of flavonoids was 0.82 mg QE/g extract. The chemicals listed below were chromatographed and identified: syringic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, ben

The development of exports in an open economic environment is the best solution in accelerating the pace of economic growth. The research evaluates the competitiveness of Iraqi dates exports based on a set of quantitative indicators and shows the role of Trade activities represented by international marketing that ensures the flow of goods and services from production until they reach the consumer. The research found a competitive advantage for Iraq in its exports of dates, as the Revealed Comparative Advantage - RCA showed a remarkable rise during the years of study and reached 26.98 in 2008, as for the Concentration Index (H), which represents the concentration of exports in a product or a limited number of products. More than

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing fenugreek seed oil to the diet on the physiological, anatomical and histological characteristics of broilers. A total of 200 chicks one day-old of (Ross308) were used in this study and divided into 4 treatments, 5 replicate for each treatment by 10 chicks in each replicate. The treatments were T1(control diet) = without additives (basal diet), T2 = basal diet + 0.25 ml fenugreek oil /  kg, T3 = basal diet + 0.50 ml fenugreek oil /  kg and T4 = basal diet + 0.75 ml fenugreek oil /kg. The results showed   Fenugreek oil inclusion at levels 0.50 ml/kg exhibited significant decrease (P <0.05) in jejunum and ileum relat

The present study was aimed to detect the accumulative effect of polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Arabibarbus grypus collecting along the Tigris River Southern of Baghdad City. A total of 130 specimens were taken from three sites  in Al-Zafaranyia City from the period between Summer 2020 until Spring 2021.Results of statistical analysis for total PAHs at S3 showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to S1 and S2 for all seasons. Results revealed that the total concentrations of PAHs in both muscles and gills  in

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of vermicompost extract and mineral fertilizer on growth, grain yield of barley and nutrients availability during the season 2021-2022, in clay loam soil using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD). Vermicompost extract was added at three levels: without addition (VE₀), injected into the soil (VE₁) and applied as a foliar application (VE₂). Mineral fertilizer was added at (0, 50 and 100%) from the recommended level Symbolized (C₀, C₁ and C₂) sequentially. Results showed

Three field experiments were conducted in Al- Rashidiya region, Istiqlal district, north of Baghdad governate, to study the difference the irrigation interval under subsurface drip, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation systems in water requirement and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during the summer season 2021.Three field experiments were conducted, each including three irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and furrow irrigation. It was implemented as a Factorial experiment within the design of Nested-Factorial Experiments Design. Where the second factor distributed three irrigation intervals on the main plot (2-day, 4 day and 6 day), then the three factors were divided into four repli

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on growth performance, hematology and survival rate in common carp, Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (average weight 75±10g) were randomly distributed into five treated groups as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet respectively for 42 days. Results indicated that the best Final weight, specific g

The current study was conducted in two different sites , these, sites S1 and S2 were  located before and After Al- Kut Barrier respectively at Tigris River middle of Iraq. This study focused on evaluation the effect of  lead Pb and  cadmium Cd on Guttan, Luciobarbus xanthopterus for the period from January to September 2021. Monthly, some of water qualities were measured. The values for Water temperature ranged between 6.2 to 20.6 ºC , DO₂ were recorded values between 11.16  to 6.12 mg /l. , BOD₅ values were showed values between 1.03 to 3.42, water turbidity values of 11.7 to 72.4 NTU, The pH water values were ranged between 6.4 to 7.7 at  sites S1 and S2 respectively. Lea

Antibiotic residues in food are accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans, cause allergies (penicillin), and cancers. This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of some antibiotic residue in imported red meat at Baghdad markets, their reference values, and their impact on genotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells.Atotalof144 meat samples were collected from January to July 2022.The results showed that the overall contamination percentage was35.4%. Buffalo meat showed the lowest contamination percentage 15% whereas the minced beef showed the highest (94.5%) (OR=402.33).Tetracycline residues detected in 42.8% of samples with significant risk (P

Thirty-seven different F. oxysporum ciceri isolates were isolated from 55 chickpea fields at Sulaimani and Halabja governorates during 2021. Fourteen Foc isolates were pathogenic and displayed various morphological traits. The ideal temperature for Foc ranged 25-30°C. PDA was the best media for the fungal growth. The isolates showed a variety of growth patterns, including appressed, flat/velvet, fluffy to partial fluffy, and cottony. However, Foc-28 displays nerve type mycelium growth on PDA at 25ºC. Microconidia (6.1-8.7x2.9-4.98µm), macroconidia (10.0-20.1x2.7-5.2µm), chlamydospores (7.2-15.0x6.8-10.7µm), and colony diameter on PDA were all significantly differed among the isolates. Significant d

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of organic and mineral fertilizers and agricultural sulfur on availability of N,P and K in soil and their concentrations in potato tubers. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during 2021 by adding three levels of organic fertilizer (Poultry manure) 0, 5, and 10 Mg ha^-1, and their symbols were OM₀, OM₁, and OM₂, respectively. three levels of mineral fertilizer 0, 50 and 100% of the fertilizers recommendation, their symbols were C₀, C₁, and C₂ respectively. three levels of agricultural sul

This study was carried out in a private vineyard, located in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the growing season (2022) to investigate the effect of foliar applications of amino acids (0, 5, 10 mL.L^-1), benzyl adenine (0, 100, 200 mg.L^-1), and Nano-NPK fertilizer (0, 2, 4 g.L^-1) and their interactions on the activity of pollen grains and some chemical components. The results confirmed that 10 mg.L^-1 amino acid produced the highest pollen viability, pollen germination, leaf chlorophyll content, total carotene, and vitamin C, while it caused a significant decrease in total phenol compared to the control. Benzyl adenine, 200mg.L^-1 gave the highest signific

This experiment aimed to improve the qualitative traits and stimulate the accumulation of antioxidants  in potato plants under environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) within  split-plot arrangement with two factors and three replications (2 × 6 × 3). The first factor involved the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) at concentrations of 0 and 10 ml·L⁻¹, denoted as (T₀) and (T₁), respectively. The second factor included six treatments as follows: natural irrigation (I), prolong

The objective of this study is to modify Iraqi natural bentonite (NB), a readily accessible and low-cost raw material, using various techniques and to explore the possible use of it as an adsorbent for the elimination of amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solutions through batch system studies. Chemical and physical processes were used to create the modified bentonite (MB): (1) NB was mixed with cationic surfactants (long and short alkyl chain surfactants), and (2) heat activation created calcined bentonite. The synthesized MB is characterized by surface area, "scanning electron microscopy" (SEM), and "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy" (FTIR). There are many variables that affect how much AMX is eliminated, such as c

This study was aimed to determine the effect of mixed herbs and humic acid supplementation on the physiological status, haematological, and biochemical values of local goats in Indonesia. Twenty-four local goats 7-8 months old, were divided into four groups of six goats each. T0: herbs without humic acid, T1: herbs with 2-gram humic acid/goat T2: herbs and 4-gram humic acid/goat; T3: herbs and 6-gram humic acid/goat. The goats were fed grass and fermented oil palm. The result found that Orthogonal contrasts detect (P< 0.001) a significant influence of humic acid addition on respiration and heart rate, as well as HTC, with the amount of addition varying considerably during the 12.00 observation. There are no alterations in eryt

A comparative study was conducted to detect blood metabolic biomarkers of show and racehorse stallions in Iraq. Five stallions were selected for each, and blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture twice a time, fourteen days apart. Amino, fatty, carboxylic, and non-esterified fatty acids were investigated. Some hematological and biochemical attributes were also studied for show and racing stallions. All essential amino acids (except for threonine), non-essential amino acids (except for glutamine, glycine, and isoleucine), white blood cell (WBCs) count, granulosa (GR) percentage, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were higher (P≤0.05) in racing compared to the show stallions. On the other hand, more significant

This study aimed to used automated spraying inside greenhouses using automated sprayers and compare it with traditional spraying. An experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses at the Research Center of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad / Jadriyah, during the summer season on the cucumber crop cultivar CADIAR F1. The techniques used in the spraying process included a locally-made automated sprayer to spray pesticides inside the greenhouses horizontally and a knapsack sprayer. Two types of nozzles were used: universal flat fan nozzle (120-02C) and (120-04C), with three different pressures (1.8, 3, 5) bar, using a constant speed of 2 km h^-1. T

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of   new edible film prepared from deamidated rice bran protein (RBP). Deamidation was carried out at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120°C under varying pH conditions of 8, 10, and 12 for durations of 15 and 30 minutes to enhance protein solubility. The resulting film was then assessed for its physical, mechanical, and optical properties. The results revealed that protein solubility of deamidated RBP improved across all temperatures and pH levels compared to the control. A film made from deamidated protein under conditions of 120°C and pH levels of 8, 10, and 12 was evaluated using protein concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. The solubility

The research was conducted with the aim of obtaining equations to estimate the diameter growth of different tree ages for the species (Ziziphus spina-christi) to determine the validity of the site for cultivating the species under study. Field data were collected from the site of the University of Anbar in Anbar Governorate, the city of Ramadi. The samples were randomly selected. Cross sections of the tree were taken. The data were collected by conducting the required field measurements, then the data were tabulated using the Excel program, and by using the method of linear and non-linear regression analysis in the Statgraphics2022 statistical program. Obtaining equations for diagonal growth, precision measures were used

The study was conducted in the Central Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad for the period from October 2021 to August 2022 with the aim of tissue propagation of the Phalaenopsis amabilis L. orchid plant. The study consisted of five sequential experiments (sterilization, initiation, multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization) in order to obtain the best treatment for the next experiment. The results showed that the best treatment for sterilizing the nodules was 15 ml of commercial bleach for 15 minutes. As for the Initiation stage, the nodules were stimulated on MS medium containing 60 ml L^-1 coconut water, which amounted to 100%. As for th

This study was aimed to determine  the active compounds in alcoholic extracts (methanolic 75% and ethanolic 75%) of  Pelargonium gravolens leaves and flowers as well as their antibacterial and antioxidant  activities. The methanolic extract of dry leaves and fresh flowers (30 g each) gave  4.8650, 2.8015 g  respectively. While ethanolic extract for the same parts gave 5.5787, 2.1832g respectively.    Spectrophotometric analysis showed that, the flavonoids content in leaves and flowers methanol extract  were  20.38, 70.90 μg rutin equivalent/g of extract, respectively, as for ethanol  extract  those values were 21.89, 71.63 μg rutin equivalent/g of ext

This study explored the capability of treating real dairy wastewater using the microbial electrochemical system by using Lactobacillus plantarum   species as a microorganism. The samples were collected from a local factory for dairy products in Baghdad. Three main parameters were investigated with different levels, for estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) removal efficiency. The studied parameters were detention time, the potential difference between electrodes and initial concentration of COD. The respective optimum values for these parameters were 17 days, 400 mV and 17000 mg COD/L respectively. At the optimum values, the optimum COD removal efficiency was 99.4%. Meanwhile,

This study aims to determine the effect of instant pumpkin soup consumption on the rats' growth, β-carotene levels, Antioxidant Enzyme, Malondialdehyde, and lipid profile. 30 male Wistar rats, 8-10 weeks, were divided equally into six groups. Control-negative (C-) rats were maintained on the AIN-93 diet. Control positive (C+) rats were given AIN-93+beef fat. Instant pumpkin soup groups (IPS 20, 40, 60, and 80) were given AIN-93+beef fat+instant pumpkin soup (20, 40, 60, and 80 g/kg of standard diet, respectively). Blood serum was collected and subjected to lipid profile, MDA (TBARS method), antioxidant analysis (DPPH), endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and β-carotene analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA follow

This study aims to obtain information on the reproductive biology of these species, especially on sex ratio, fecundity, ovarian development, and breeding season. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 on every full moon with the highest tide in the estuary of Bengawan Solo River, East Java, Indonesia. The obtained samples were placed in the freezer and identified, and a dissection was performed to observe the gonads. There were 617 crabs with an average sex ratio of 1 male to 1.9 females. Mean fecundity of V. litterata was 45350±3182 egg/individual. In each sampling period, there were always females that were maturing gonads. The ovaries of females during the study were the early developed (stage III), la

By utilizing Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, the expressed recombinant HSP70 protein was purified, and the SDS-PAGE analysis was used to assess its purity. Purified recombinant HSP70 was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and this had a considerable impact on the anti-HSP70 antibody titers. The results of this study show that the adjuvanted hsp70 injected into the mice had a good immunogenic property. In this study, we measured the effects of HSP70 on catalase stability after exposure it to different range of temperature (40, 45, 50, 55, 60) ˚C, and found that the catalase kept its remaining activity% (99% and 17%) when incubating it in 40 and 60ºC respectively in the present of HSP70, compared to its remaining activity % without HS

This study was conducted in poultry farm in college of agricultural engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - animal production department. In this study 100 laying hens of local Iraqi chickens were used with age 67day old, were placed in individual cages, each cage was numbered from 1 to 100, for the period from 26/10/2021 till 24/7/2022 to detect the different genotypes of LEPR gene, determining the frequency and percentage of the relevant genotypes local Iraqi chickens, , Productive traits were measured from the sexual maturity in to 100 days for each chicken, the blood samples were collected from 100 laying hens at the 38 weeks of age from the brachial vein, the PCR reaction will done us

This study was carried out to compare the effects of intravaginal FGA sponges to synchronize estrus on reproductive performance of the Karadi and Arabi ewes , 30 for each breed at 2-4 years during the breeding season were used. Ewes from each breed were equally and randomly distributed into three groups. The first group was treated with vaginal sponges saturated with (40 mg) of FGA within a period of 14 days (T1). The second group administrate with the FGA and is injected with a dose of 400 IU of the PMSG hormone  (T2). The third group treated with a dose of 0.5 ml/head of PGF2α hormone (T3)  on the day of sponge removal, was injected at. The result of the study showed a non-significant increase in the estrous rate, fe

This study was conducted at the poultry Farm / Animal production department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science / University of Baghdad, during the period form 8-3-2014 to 19-4-2014 to evaluation of supplementing different levels of turmeric (curcuma Longa) Powders to Broiler diets on economic indicator and histological measurement of intestine. One hundred and twelve unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308), one day, 41g its initial body weight. The birds were randomly distributed among Four treatments, each treatment contained 28 birds, with two replicates and each replicate contained 14 birds. The chicks of first treatment (T1) control without supplement, while T2, T3 and T4 treatment were fed a standard diet for broilers in

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq from beginning of October 2020 to the end of August 2021. The main objective was to find out the effect of Molybdenum (Mo) concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg L^-1 ) and three stages of foliar application (vegetative growth, flowers buds appearance and 25 % blooming ) on seed yield and it’s component of alfalfa local variety. layout of the experiment was R. C. B. D. arranged in split-plot, with three replicates. Spraying stages were used as main-plots. while Mol

This study was aimed to investigate vegetative growth indicators of four oat cultivars (Genzania, Shefa, Carrolup, and Hamel) at seeding rates of 80, 100, and 120 kg ha⁻¹ in a factorial experiment within a randomized block design during the winter season 2022-2023. Genzania showed significant superiority in leaf area, relative growth rate (0.0707 g g⁻¹ day⁻¹), and total dry mass (21.54 tons ha⁻¹). Shefa excelled in tiller count (365.10 tillers m⁻²), while Hamel exhibited superiority in stem diameter (5.68 mm), lower lodging index (39.90), and fewer effective tillers (88.10%). Seeding rate effects included increased plant height and total dry mass, with a rise in lodging index. The