The present study was carried out at Grjan Agricultural Research Station and Qaladze Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Raparin, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during the growing seasons 2020 and 2021. According to the full diallel mating system using five pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars (Legacy, Rainer, Topaz, P₁₁, P₁₃) with 20 F₁ crosses. The genotypes were planted in a RCBD with 3 replicates. Highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for

This research was included a method for preparing synthetic zeolite using araw clay mineral components found in nature (kaolin) and it was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Natural zeolites were also used and saturated with zinc adopting the method of columns through ZnSO₄.7H₂O solution. Several measurements were taken for the zeolites before and after the saturation process, the results obtained were ascribed to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) which showed a well crystallization rate while the chemical analysis of the elements showed that they contain a high percentage of silicon and aluminum, which gives evidence, is a balanced and equal reaction. The infrared spectrum (I

Two field experiments were conducted at the research station of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences -University of Baghdad at Aljadriya, Baghdad –Iraq during two seasons 2021-2022, to evaluate effect of minimum tillage, crop rotation and crop residues on soil health. The 1^st one was with split-plot arrangement with two factors: crop residues (0% Residues (0%R) and 100% Residues (100%R)) and tillage (minimum (MT) and conventional (CT)) with four replicates. The 2^nd one was with split-split plot arrangement with three factors: the same tillage and residues in 1^st trail coupled with crop rotation (clover – maize and clover – mung bean). Soil organic carbon (SOC), organic matter (SOM),

This study was conducted in the lath house, Horticultural Department, College of Agriculture – University of Baghdad- Jadriya during the spring and autumn seasons 2015 to investigate the influence of humic acid spray and calcium chloride spray on f “Yanara” gerbera cultivar.  This study included two factors; humic acid spray (H) and calcium chloride spray (Ca). The first factor four levels were used, 0, (H₀), 5 (H₅), 7.5 (H_7.5) and 10 (H₁₀) ml.L^-1 and four levels of calcium chloride, 0 (Ca₀), 50 (Ca₅₀), 100 (C

The area under study is located at the lower of resent Mesopotamian plain of Euphrates river, located between  longitude 43 35 to 43 35 East and latitude 33 22 to 33 27 North with area (3445.38 ha.) at 169 path and 37 row of Landsat-5 taken by Thematic Mapper image sensor (TM). The space images taken during the year 1985, were used ERDAS V.8.2 and GIS V.9.2 Software. using data of soil survey report.A study show ability of Spectral reflectance to detecting the  Aridisols and Entisols and can be also detecting sub- great group at Typic Haplogypsids and Typic Haplosalids taxonomy units appeared to be distinguished and isolated. While there were difficult to detecting

This study was aimed of determining the relationship of polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene with some of growth traits (daily growth rate, relative and specific growth, ratio and efficiency of feed conversion) in 45 samples of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The following are the most important results obtained: The results of DNA sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed there are of three mutations in the following sites C24074T, A24375G and G24485A. No genetic makeup was significantly associated with the studied growth characteristics. It is concluded from this study that there is no significant effect of the difference in the genotypes of the growth hormone receptor gene

In the current study aquatic oligochaetes worms were collected monthly from five sites along AL- Abbasyia  river / Al-Najaf province, South Iraq for a period between February 2018 to  January 2019. Physical and chemical parameters for river water were examined which include: Air and Water temperature, pH ,Electrical conductivity ,Salinity, Dissolved oxygen , Biological oxygen demand and Sediment texture. The results showed a number of 5039 individuals of aquatic Oligochaeta were identified as three families Naididae ,Lumbriculdae and Enchytraaeidae .Tow species of Naididae Allonais pectinata (Stephenson, 1910)  and Dero (Dero) dorsalis Forroniere, 1899 are conside

The objectives of this study were to estimate the performance of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)  genotypes under water-stress conditions, and their genetic diversity. White bean surpassed the others for relative water content, root/shoot ratio and leaf area under water-stress condition. Scatter plot indicates a strong association of yield with pod numbers plant^-1, branch number and harvest index. A total of 69 polymorphic were obtained, applying 26 SSR primers on 14 genotypes. Major allele frequency was 0.601, and the average value of PIC was 0.407. The highest value of gene diversity (0.745) and PIC (0.704) were

This study was aimed isolation and molecular detection of some causative agents of urinary tract infection (cystitis and pyelonephritis). Out of 108 tested urine samples (56 from females and 52 from males); 60 samples (55.55%) have infected with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 36 (64.2%) females and 24 (46.1%) males. The sixty infected samples contain from 56 E. coli and (4) K. pneumoniae, this samples identified by Vit

The estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) and fork-head box L2 (FOX L2) genes play a pivotal role in regulation of egg formation in poultry. this study aimed to investigate interaction between ESR1 and FOXL2 in the productive performance of brown local Iraqi chickens (BLIC). A total of 104 BLIC represented from the F4th generation of local chicken selected for high egg productions were used. Two novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), one of them in ESR1 (T57198C) intron 3, and another of FOX L2 (C919T) gene within encoding region were identified through PCR-DNA sequencing. Six haplotypes (H1=TTCC, H2=TTCT, H3=TCCC, H4=TCCT, H5=CCCC, H6=CCCT) were obtained due to interaction between these two SNPs. Chi-square analysis showed no signific

 This research was aimed to study combining ability for growth, kernel yield, and its components, for maze (Zea mays L.) inbred lines, which evaluated in 8×8 diallel crosses. At two locations, Dukan and Qlyasan, at the Sulaimani region.  Significant genetic variability was found in all genotypes for all characters except no. of ears/plant. Highest significant general and specific combining ability were observed for most characters, revealing the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action, at the same time a low ratio of Ϭ²GCA/ Ϭ²SCA was recorded for all traits at both locations vice versa the average degree of dominance was more than one, this indicates to the high contribution of

This research was aimed to study three species which are prevalent in northern Iraq: Alyssium strigosum Banks and Sol., Clypeola jonthlaspi L, and Isatis tinctoria L. belonging to the Alysseae and Lepidieae tribes. The general characteristics of the roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds are studied and it turned out that and the two species A. strigosum and C. jonthlaspi are similar due to their belonging to the Alysseae tribe, and the species I. tinctoria differs since it belongs to the Lepidieae tribe. In addition, 6 secondary metabolites are diagnosed using the qualitative tests: alkalis, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and sapi

A field trial was carried out at the fields of Baghdad University - Jadriya for the first location during the summer season of 2018, while the second location was in Mishkab Rice Research Station, Al-Najaf al-ashraf governorate during the summer season of 2019. This study was aimed investigate rice (Oryza sativa cv. Anber) response to foliar application of nutrition with the use of different herbicides. The design was RCBD wihin using split plot arrangement four replicates. The nutrition treatments; (Humic acide, Seaweed, Nano fertilizer, Normal fertilization and Without fertilizer) were in main plots. Herbicides treatments (Ronstar, Oscar, Rainbow, Super flag, weed free and weedy) occupied the sub plots.The results indi

This study aims to analyze empirically the causality relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural product in Iraq for the period 1991-2018 basing on the causality developed by Toda – Yamamoto. Results indicated that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural product, throw the value of chi-square which was 5.6 in case of the dependent variable is agricultural product, and this value was significant at 5% level. While the value of chi-square was 6.2 in case of the dependent variable is agricultural imports, and it is significant also at 5% level. That means there is a bidirectional causality relati

The research  was aimed to develop a proposed vision to develop the effectiveness of the use of information and communications technology in agricultural extension work/Iraq, To achieve the research goal, the questionnaire was prepared as a tool for collecting information and included 109 items distributed over 8 axes, which are (formulating a strategic plan, providing infrastructure, disseminating culture, Security and safety of information extension, developing workers’ capabilities, improving cooperation and coordination between the extension organization and relevant authorities, Improving the target population’s access to information and extension knowledge, monitoring and evaluation. The research included the governorates

This study investigates the hydrogeological parameters through detailed pumping test analysis in the Qushtapa and Shamamik areas within the Erbil Basin. This study aims to assess key aquifer parameters, including hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient, which are substantial for sustainable groundwater management. Data from 10 groundwater pumping tests were analyzed using established analytical approaches, such as the Cooper-Jacob straight-line method, and the Theis recovery method using AQTESOLV and the Microsoft Excel program to derive hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer. The results show significant spatial variability in aquifer properties impacted by lithological variability and the rate of groundwater

Three transects were chosen in Sulaymaniyah governorate / Iraq. The first was located within the Bazian Plain, while the second was in Sulaymaniyah plain, and the third was located within the plain of Shahrazur, in order to study the effect of parent material and toposequence on the status and distribution of Iron oxides in these soils. Results Shows that there is a differences in the amount and distribution of free iron oxides between the studied pedons, and even within one Pedon. These differences can be attributed to the effect of the difference in the parent materials and topography. Also, the soils developed on Basalt rocks and Red Mudstone were characterized by their high iron oxides and dark brown color, while those developed on L

The study aimed to investigate the effect of adding humic acid on the adsorption of zinc and boron and on sunflower growth and yield. Field experiment was conducted at one of the research fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2022, using sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cultivar Shamoos planted in Clay loam soil. The experiment involved three factors using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates: humic acid (0 and 50 kg ha¹)and them symbols H₀,H₁, zinc sulfate (0, 15, and 30 kg ha^-¹) them symbols Zn₀,Zn₁,Zn₂, and boron (0, 6, and 12 kg ha^-¹) and its symb

This study was aimed to detect  Entamoeba spp. in domestic dogs by using the microscopic method and PCR. The study includes collection of 100 fecal samples by visiting a small animal private clinics in Baghdad, at the period from January 2019 to February 2020.  The microscopical results showed the rate of infection at Entamoeba spp. was (15%).  Show a higher infection rate in females (15.55%)) than in males (14.54%)without significant difference (P.0>0.05). The Prevalence of Entamoeba related to age was (22%), (6%) in young and adult age respectively. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate of  Entamoeba  in dogs fecal showed 15% . Ten positive PCR pr

Horizontal porous pipe method is one of the most efficient systems of irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas.  The main aim of this study is to simulate the subsurface horizontal porous pipe irrigation under different conditions.  By this method of irrigation, an optimum amount of water is reached to the crop.  Moreover, it saves more water than the other irrigation systems.  Simulation models by HYDRUS/2D  are described the distribution of wetting shapes in two different soil textures through the system of United States Department of Agriculture, USDA, namely as loam and silt soils.  The system is designed for three diameters of 6, 7, and 8 cm insta

Freshwater algae (Chlorophyceae-except Zygnematales) were collected from 18 sites (12 springs and 6 streams) in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq from September-2019 to August-2020. Aim of this study isolation and identification new algal species. 27 new algal genera with 40 species records at first time in Kurdistan Region and others provinces of Iraq, which include the following, Scenedesmus considered the most abundance than others algae which seven species identified followed by genus of Chlamydomonas, genus of Chlorophyceae, genus of Characium with three species for each one recorded, but genera Geminella have two species, finally the remaining gene

This experiment was aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of adding natural extracts (clove, Mentha and thyme) with synthetic BHT on some physiochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of lamb patties stored at 4 Cº for 12 days. Results indicated that there’s a steady rise (P<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial and pH with the increasing time of storage. Also, a significant (P<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial and pH was observed in patties treated with clove, thyme, mentha and BHT as compared with untreated samples. It was found that adding natural extracts is more effective in inhibiting microbial count than did BHT. The highest score of overall acceptability was n

This was aimed to identify the performance of the senior management of the extension organization in light of the comprehensive quality standards from the point of view of agricultural extension workers in the governorates of Baghdad and Diyala in Iraq through the following:Identify the field of planning, identify the field of decision-making, identify the field of humam relations.Data from agricultural extension workers in the governorates of Baghdad and Diyala, which included a graded pentagonal scale consisting of degrees of approval with grades ranging between 5-1 To measure the degree of application of comprehensive quality standards for higher management in the fields from the viewpoint of the agricultural extension workers

This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L^-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L^-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L^-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interactions on carrot plant minerals

This study aimed to assess the nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The parameters were nutritional components, phytochemical content, and aAntioxidant activity. K. alvarezii exhibited substantial nutritional value, with notable protein (15.3%) and carbohydrate (60.0%) content, along with essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant levels of polyphenols (20.0 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (5.5 mg QE/g), and tannins (3.0 mg CE/g), as well as noteworthy saponin (1.2%) and alkaloid (0.9%) contents. Antioxidant assays demonstrated strong activities, w

This research aimed to study the impact of the reciprocal cross and heterosis phenomena on numerous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) characteristics. Fifty-one different traits were measured, including leaf, shoot, root, flower, fruit, yield and yield components, and physiochemical characteristics. The results showed that reciprocal crosses, such as plant mass, petal length, cone length, pistil length, fruit width, fruit length, single fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, seed and placenta weight, number of fruits locules, fruit calyx weight, number of days to flower, total sugar, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic concentration, significantly influenced various traits. In addition, the results showed t

The objective of this study was to produce fructooligosaccharide (FOS) from fresh jerusalem artichoke (JAT) inulin which was extracted by conventional method (hot water extraction) at two different temperature (80˚C & 90˚C\ 90 min). JAT slices were mixed with distilled water at (1 : 5) (w : v) ratio, the obtained extract purified and concentrated to 32˚Brix, then mixed with acetone (1 : 3) (v : v), kept at 4˚C for 24 h., centrifuged at 10000g/ 15 min., and the precipitate dried at 55˚C. Acid hydrolysis of the dried inulin was carried out at three different pH values being (1.5, 2.5 & 3.0) at 85˚C us

Projects of various sizes and types are the most important factors for the success of economic development plans in general. Agricultural projects and agricultural cooperatives are also considered as the basis for agricultural development in the economies of many countries. One of the most important targets of development is to fight poverty and famine, and achieving that depends on how to deal with agricultural lands with good management and scientific methods. The aim of this research is to identify the economic feasibility of one of the agricultural activities in the province of Dhi Qar. The study included 132 farms specialized in the cultivation of wheat crop in the province of Dhi Qar for the agricultural season 2017-2018. T

This study was conducted at the farm of Animal production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Algaderia to know the effect of lactoferrin protein addition in the semen extender of Awassi during the  period from 21 September 2015 to 24 February 2016 on Four Awasi rams aged 2-4 years and the average weight was 52 kg were used in this study . Semen collection from rams was done twice weekly by using the artificial vagina then it's were pooled and divided in to four treated groups, the control (normal antibiotic Streptomycin 100 mg\100ml Penicillin  100.000 IU / 100ml) , second ,third and fourth treated groups was used a lactoferrin  protein with the contam