A field experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of Horticulture Department and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib In the spring season 2014 to study the Response of Eggplant Plants to Biostimulators and Shading, to study of Two factors, the first factor represent two treatments, first is shading with plastic nets (50% light) and the second without shading, each of these treatments contained three replicates and distributed randomly Treatments were(Without adding, Endospor Dry Mix, Biohealth, Amino Alexin, interacion between Endospor Dry Mix and Biohealth interaction between Endospor Dry Mix and Amino Alexin interaction between Biohealth and Amino Alexin triple inter

The objective of this study was estimation of variances, broad sense heritability genotypic and phenotypic correlation for some traits of  maize  under  nitrogen abundance . the experiment was conducted at the farm of the Dept. of  Field Crop Sci., College of Agric., Univ. of  Baghdad during the Spring and fall seasons of 2012 under level 400 Kg N. ha rate^-1 . Diallel cross was performed among four maize inbred lines (Zm7, Zm607, Oh40, Zr8) to produce six single crosses in spring season . The seeds of parents and crosses were sown in fall season using R.C.B.D. with three replicates. The results showed significant difference among genotypes and the values of the genotypic variance were more than

This study was conducted to examine the possible effects of Ag-NPs synthesized using the olive leaf extract on histopathology and cytogenetic effect in mice. A total of thirty albino mice aged two months were divided into five treatment groups as follows: Group 1: served as control was administrated orally with 0.3 mg/kg bw of normal saline; Group 2 and 3 were administrated orally with varying doses of Ag-NPs synthesized on olive leaf extract (10 and 100 mg/kg bw, respectively) for 30 days; Group 4 and 5 were administrated orally with olive leaf crude extract (300 and 1000 mg/kg bw, respectively) for 30 days.

Dietary replacement of soybean meal by toasted sunflower meal in Clarias gariepinus diet was investigated in a 56-day feeding trial using growth, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was toasted at 204⁰C for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Control diet consist of soybean meal which was replaced by differently toasted sunflower seed meal at a rate 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were assigned to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (4.97±0.42g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish

This experiment was conducted and aimed to reducing mortality and losing the weight of birds transported to the slaughter house through reducing or Transport stress removal and thus to reduce financial losses. 150 birds used almost equal weights that were divided into three treatment groups and by five replicates for each treatment is control treatment (T1) without giving anything and treatment with salicylic acid concentration 1 g / liter of drinking water (T2) and treatment with ascorbic acid (T3) concentration 0.5 g / Liter of drinking water provided 24 hours before its transport. The transport process resulted in a highly significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in body weight in treatment T1 as it reached 4.66%, while it reached 1.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels (5g/kg ,10 g/kg or litter) of chamomile flower in feed and water on performance and gut health of broiler chickens under E. coli challenge. A total of 480-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments each replicated 4 times with 10 birds. Oral inoculation with E. coli was on days 8 and 9 of birds age. At day 10 and 35, the interaction (p<0.05) between the experimental factors decreased the feed intake in the challenged birds supplemented with chamomile. At day 10, unchallenged birds were heavier (p<0.05) than the challenged groups.  Up to 35 days, birds on antibiotics (zinc bacitracin 360g

Three identically designed microbial fuel cell-constructed wetland (MFC-CW) systems were constructed and setup in this study for simultaneous biotreatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) and bioelectricity generation. MFC-CW1 and  MFC-CW2 were planted with Canna indica, and Phragmites australis, respectively. MFC-CW3 was unplanted and considered as the control. These three systems were operated simultaneously in a batch mode for two cycles to evaluate  the effect of PRW biotreatment on the growth and development of the selected plants and the potential of generated bioelectricity as well.  The operation period for each cycle was 8 days.  Results demonstrated that maximum removal efficiency of t

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure do

This study was designed to determine ZmHKT1;5 gene expression  in relatively salt tolerant using four maize genotypes (Alfajr and Almaha  and medium-tolerant ones T1 and T6) within cellular level.  Three salinity levels (2, 8, and 16 ds / m .  Were used immature seeds were surface sterilized and embryos were dissected under full sterilization conditions. Callus was initiated from immature embryos of the above four genotypes on Skoog and Murashige (MS) medium supplemented with the required growth regulators (3 mg/L 2,4-D +0.5 mg/L kinetin) and recultured for three times and transferred to the stress medium containing NaCl.

This experiment aimed for evaluating the stress and financial losses resulting from transporting broiler chickens  from farms to slaughterhouses under harsh Iraqi conditions. Data were collected from 18 farms, where 42,564 broiler chickens were transported to slaughterhouses. Depending on the time of journey, the marketed birds were divided into three groups: short-time (T1), medium-time (T2), and long-time (T3) that lasted 3, 6, and 9 hours, respectively. The total percentage of mortalities  resulting from transporting broiler was 0.46%, while the percentage of lost weight was 5.12%, thus the percentage of total losses resulting from transportation reached 5.58%. The overall percentage of mortalities and the percentage

The aim of this study was to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as economic, price, cost, and technical efficiencies beside the other economic indices at actual, optimal and profit-maximizing output of rice. A random sample of 240 rice  farms in Nejaf province was used during the agricultural season 2016. From efficiency scales of profit function, it was shown that the output quantity had the greatest impact on the profit compared to other variables (average output costs and price). According to the cost function, the optimum output level and the profit- maximizing output  level for the short run were 64.84 tons and 117.4 tons respectively. The lowest price

This study was aimed to investigate the coating of nanoparticles to minimizing harmful of  chemical fungicide in fruit industrial sector. The Effects of coating fruit surface with different concentrations of Nano-silver  on the development of mycelium growth of, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger during storage were estimated. Coated treatments with silver recorded fully reduction of the fungal growth (100%,) on surface of  fruit  with concentration of 50 ppm and 100 ppm as compared with uncoated samples and fungicide. Also, the treatment with 100ppm of silver showed a significant decrease in weight loss compared with uncoated fruit. Application of nanotechnology can be an important

This study was carried out at Qlyasan  location in Sulaimani region (Lat 35 º 34' 307''; N, long 45º 21' 992; E, 765 masl) for F₃ generation of seven pea varieties (1-Avolla, 2-Americana, 3-Jeza, 4-Joneor, 5-Packland, 6-Arvena and 7-Samara). The seeds of 21 F₃ crosses and their parents were sown in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD).With three replicates. The results showed that the mean squares of genotypes, gca and sca were highly significant for seed weight plant^-1 and most its important components. The parents Americana and Jeza recorded maximum values for all studied characters. The cross AvollaxAmericana recorded the highest value for seed weight plant^-1 and pod weig

This study was aimed to estimate the influence of Conocarpus erectus L. residues, and some micronutrients on growth and production of potato. This research was conducted at one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4X3X3) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. Conocarpus fertilizer was represented the first factor with three levels (7.5, 15, 30 ton.ha^-1), which symbolized (C2, C3, C4). Mineral fertilizer as recommended dose as a control, which symbolized (C1). The second factor was foliar spraying with three levels of iron (0, 100, 2

This study was aimed to determine the residual concentrations of pesticides used in greenhouse cucumber fields and their effects on the farmers that spray it. Sixteen active cucumber greenhouse fields with 96 people (75 sprayers and 21 volunteers as control) randomly had been selected. In all selected greenhouses, abamectin, thiamethoxam, pyridabin, and spirodiclofen pesticides were used, their cucumber with leaves and groundwater collected in December 2017, March, June, and September 2018 with workers blood samples, were immediately brought to the laboratory. Results showed the occurrence of residual pesticides in the plant and groundwater samples with a highest

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) as additive for barley silage preparation at different ensiling times. Small scale silages were prepared from barley forage and four yeast levels were evaluated (0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g/kg FM). Silos were opened at 6, 12 and 24 days. Three silage-replicates were prepared for each yeast level × ensiling time combination. Silage quality in terms of CP and NDF and ADF concentration appeared to improve when yeast was added at 5 and 10 g/kg, compared with the control, but the quality decreased again when 15 g yeast/kg FM were aded to the silage. However, gas production, metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility linearl

This study was aimed to asses seed yield performances of 16 rapeseed genotypes  in randomized complete block designs (RCBD) with three replications at four Agricultural Research Stations of cold and mid-cold regions over two years in Iran (2015-2017). GGE biplot analysis indicated that the first two components explained 83% of seed yield variations. Genotype, location and their interaction explained 18%, 52% and 30%of the total GE variation, respectively. In this research, a graphically represented GGE biplot analysis enabled selection of stable and high-yielding genotypes for all investigated locations, as well as genotypes with specific adaptability. The GGE biplot analysis was adequate in explaining GE in

This study was aimed to use GIS techniques in climate studies. Analysis of monthly wind speed data for the period 1981 to 2017, and mapping of monthly, seasonal and annual wind speed in Iraq has been investigated in this study. The area of study was divided into three regions. the results of  Mann Kendall test of the middle and southern region reveal a significant decreasing trend in the months of the summer season. While positive trends of mean wind speed were found in the northern region for the whole period. Wind speed value reaches its highest value in (Jun and July), and the lowest value of wind speed was in December.  Seasonal wind speeds show the highest values recorded in the summer and spring seasons and the lo

This study was conducted during the two growing seasons 2016 and 2017 in the lath house at the College of Agriculture, Duhok University, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Uniform and healthy transplants of (2) years old sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars (evey loly and shampion) were used. The effects of three levels of Ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄) (as source of nitrogen) (0, 3 and 6 gm L^-1), three levels of seaweed extracts (alga21st) concentrations (0, 1 and 2 gm.L^-1) and their interactions on leaf nutrients status, the content of protein, carbohydrate were investigated. The results showed that cv. evey loly transplants significantly

This study was aimed to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases from diesel engines used in agriculture. Indicators are provided for a technical assessment of the efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning for diesel engines that have a significant impact on agricultural crops. A scheme for the installation of a common device to reduce the exhaust toxicity of diesel engines on the YaMZ-238 engine was described during the test and a research methodology is presented. The main results obtained during the improved toxicity testing device installed on the ULTZ-700 tractor are given with the YaMZ-238 engine, which fully reflects the efficiency of cleaning emissions. The reliability graphs are designed to characterize cleaning ef

The objective of this research is to determine the current crop structure of Al- Kadhimiya Agriculture Division farms in order to determine the optimal use of the economic resources available for the purpose of achieving optimum crop structure that maximizes profits and total and net agricultural incomes. The study based  on the use of (LP) technique to determine the optimum agricultural production plan with the highest net income  using the statistical program (QSB), as well as (MOTAD) model was used to determine efficient agricultural plans (Income - Deviation) (E-A) and derive plans that take into account the risk margin of each farm plan using (MOTAD), as a model of alternative (LP) models for quadratic programming

Ascaridiosis is a very important parasitic disease of birds, it is caused by Ascaridia. This study was conducted to identify the Ascaridia species by microscopic and molecular assay in Baghdad city. One hundred and sixty fecal samples were collected from domestic pigeons during the period from 1/1/ 2019 to 31/3/ 2019.  Results showed that the rate of infection for Ascaridia spp. 15.62% by microscopic examination.  Significant difference was observed in infection rates between males and females pigeons. Fifty samples randomly selected and subjected to molecular diagnosis of Ascaridia  spp.. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate showed 16%(8/50). The eight  p

This study was aimed to demonstrate the seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii among ewes and horses as well as to determine the risk factors for infection in Duhok province. Sera and blood samples from 700 ewes and 62 horses were collected. Sera were examined by indirect ELISA for detection of anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies and in molecular study, DNA was extracted, then by PCR, B1 gene was amplified and the product visualized and sent off for sequencing. Serologically, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 17.7 (11/62) and 28.9 (202/700) in horses and ewes by ELISA respectively. Present of cats on the farm was significantly associated with T. gon

This study was aimed to produce AuNPs biologically using Klebsiella pneumoniae and study their synergistic effect with some antibiotics.Technologies of nanoparticles are quick and are employed in many applications in biomedicine. The potential of metallic nanoparticle as an anti-microbial agent is greatly investigated which considered as an alternative method to reduce the challenges of multi-drug resistance microbes. The present study discusses the novel approach to synthesize nanoparticles involving eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Klebsiella pneumoniae and study their effect as antimicrobial spectrum .Also study synergism effect of gold nanoparticles with an

This study was aimed to purify, characteristic, and fibrinolytic activity of staphylokinase (SAK), is an enzyme activates plasminogen to form plasmin, which digest fibrin clots that cause thrombosis clot. Staphylokinase was purified from local isolate Staphylococcus aureus GH38 by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 70% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography (CM-Cellulose) with a purification fold 2.73, and 1.53, and recovery 72.1, and 33.11% in wash and elution steps respectively. The partially purified enzyme was high activity at 40°C with pH 7 and the enzyme retained 100% of its activity at 35°C with pH 7. The activity of an enzyme increas

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of barley consumption on sugar reduction in diabetic patients in male and female rats. The mice were divided into six groups with 10 mice per group. The mice injected the substance with 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The study included 60 mice of both sexes, injected with aloxane and a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The first group was represented by the control group as its members took standard food from the experimental animal food. The second group, which represents the induced control group as its members took the general measure of food, but injected the substance of the aloxane for comparison. While the third and fourth group

This study evaluates the role of some aromatic essential oil (AEOs) (Eucalyptus oil, Mint oil, L-Menthol, and Thyme oil) with different methods of administration,  antibody titer of  infectious bronchitis virus (IBv) vaccine with different routes of vaccination, and value of total lipid profile. The study is designed as follows { T1:Oral method for each them  (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily + vaccination against IBv-H120.T2: Spray method for each them (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly + vaccination against IBv-H120.T3: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.T4: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral  method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with

Ten  isolates of  Laccase producing bacteria were obtained from 50  isolates belongs to Bacillus sp. These isolates were isolate  from different local areas of soil  in baghdad.The  isolates were subjected to primary screening , and  revealed  high production of enzyme based  on consumed  time  during the reaction with syringaldazine (  SGZ )  reagent at 37 ° C. These isolates were  subjected to secondary screening. The results revealed that isolate 136  was the best producers with highest enzyme activity of 47.0 U/ml.   Identification of this isolate was achieved by studying morphological, microscopic

This study was conducted to investigate the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some biochemical traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks Ross308, one-day old were wing-tagged and reared under optimal conditions. Blood samples were collected individually from all birds on 21 and 35 days of age. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each of groups sorted according to growth rate for high, moderate and low to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. The serum traits of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alan

This paper reports the results of X-ray diffraction mineralogical and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of the shale units in the Devonian-early Carboniferous Kaista and Ora formations from northern Iraq. The mineral composition is uniform throughout the studied succession, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and palygorskite form the main clay mineral assemblage while quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite form the non-clay fraction of the studied shales. Kaolinite dominates over illite in the Kaista shale, whereas, illite and chlorite with common palygorskite dominate over kaolinite in the Ora shale. The clay mineral assemblage is largely of detrital origin and indicates rather cool and/or dry climatic conditions favouring m