In the present study, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was detected in different parts of grape plant (leaves, pulp, whole seeds and defatted seeds) extracts. The results revealed that the whole seed possess highest PAL activity (69.44 U), followed by defatted seed (44.22 U), whereas extracts of leaves and pulp gave the lowest activity values (22.77 and 5.11 U, respectively). The optimum conditions for crude PAL extraction achieved using 50mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) at mixing ratios of (1:7) for 1 h. extraction time. PAL was shown to precipitate out at the saturation range between 20-90%. For further purification, gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-200 column (1.5×70) and ion exchange chromatograp

The present study was performed to assess the seasonal changes in the water quality of Diyala River (Diyala Governorate, Iraq), from five sites along the river during the period from September 2020 to April 2021, by applying the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP). OIP is one of the reliable indicators in evaluating the quality of surface water. To calculate the value of the OIP, twelve parameters were measured in the water samples, which are (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, and concentrations of dissolved nitrates and phosphates). The results showed spatial and temporal variation of physicochemic

This study was aimed to investigate the involvement of Myeloid Related Protein 14 (MRP14) in the production of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9) in thyroiditis patients. The first group composed of 27 hypothyroidism (HO) patients (12 men and 15 women), age average about 46 years old. The second group had 43 patients (8 men and 35 women) with hyperthyroidism (HR), their mean of age was 42, while 30 healthy persons act as control group (HC) had an average age of 33.47 of men (13) and women (17). The three groups were testing for triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) furthermore, testing the thyroglobulin (TG), anti-thyroperoxidase (a-TPO), anti-TSH receptor (TSHR) and serum level of MRP14 by

This study was aimed to test four types of different plants for the purpose of selecting the optimal plant as a source of the amylase enzyme, including wheat, barley, rice, and potatoes. Among these plants, wheat was selected as the best plant source for enzyme extraction because it possessed the highest effectiveness of the enzyme specific activity (3.0 U/mg protein). Furthermore, sodium acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.0) was determined to be the optimal extraction buffer with a 1:5 (w:v) ratio after 75 min, and it provided 68 U/mg protein. The enzyme was concentrated with sucrose before being purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-150. The results demonstrated a 1.8-fold increases in final purification folds wit

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of boron and nanoboron" on histomorphology of the small intestine in layer chickens. 210 day-old chicks were used and were randomly assigned to seven equal groups.  The experiment, groups were exposed to both normal boron and nano-boron as follows:G1 received 15 mg/L of boron in their drinking water, G2 got 25 mg/L, G3 got 45 mg/L, while groups nano boron as following G4 got 15 mg/L, G5 got 25 mg/L, G6 got 45 mg/L of nano-boron, and G7 was not given any treatment. By using a light microscope, the  histomorphology result of intestine was  examine to determine the villi's height, thickness, crypt depth, and muscle thickness. The measure

Levofloxacin (LEV) is an important and widely used antibiotic. It is used to treat many bacterial infections. It may be found in water sources as a result of incomplete metabolism in humans and other sources. In this study, the adsorption of Levofloxacin by raw rice husk (RRH) was investigated. The effect of pH, time, temperature, RRH weight, and initial Levofloxacin concentration on the adsorption process were determined. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models were studied to explain the Levofloxacin adsorption mechanism on raw rice husk. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherms revealed that the adsorption of LEV by RRH was better fitted with the Intraparticle model with coefficient of determination (R²=9

The experiments were carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2021-2020 to study the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (0, 25, 50, 75 mg. L^-1) which were symbolized as A₀, A₁, A₂, and A₃, and chelated calcium (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g. L^-1) which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, Ca₂, and Ca₃ on the growth, yield and marketability of broccoli. A factorial experiment was carried out within the RCBD design, in a total of 16 treatments with three replicates. The main flowering heads were kept at temperatures 6-8° C for 20 days and 18-25° C for 4 days

This study was  investigated the P transformation in three soils gathered from different locations (Agricultural researches center in Tel Afar, Ain-Talawi and Sinu in Singar) in north of Iraq representing different gypsum content and land use [wheat (W), vegetable (V), uncultivated (Un)] after incubation period of (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90) days. The soils were treated with 200 mg P kg^-1 as superphosphate (S) or 30 g kg^-1 soil manure as a cattle manure (A) or compost (p). The appropriate amounts of water were added to bring soil to estimated field capacity. After the specified time of each incubation period, sub-sample of soil analyzed

Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 in Karbala governorate, to study the effect of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems to determine water consumption of potatoes and irrigation intervals using polymers and bio-fertilizers in desert soils. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experimen

The objective of this study, is characterization of partially purified beta-glucosidase (BGS) extracted from apricot defatted seeds powder. The enzyme was extracted using sodium phosphate solution (0.2M, pH 7) containing 2% sodium chloride with mixing ratio of (1:5 solid: liquid) for extraction period of 3 hours at 4C. The crude extract was precipitated by ammonium sulfate at 20-70% saturation, dialyzed then concentrated.  The specific activity of the enzyme, folds of purification and the enzymatic yield were 5.45 units/mg, 7.8 fold and 84.5%, respectively. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the enzyme activity were at pH 5.5 and 6.5, the optimum temperature for the enzyme’

The knowledge of the composition of urban wastewater discharges is an essential parameter to ensure the relevance of the choice and sizing of appropriate treatment systems to guarantee the quality objectives of the receiving environments. The results obtained allowed us to calculate the daily production per capita of physical, hydrocarbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, specific to the study area. The values of the ratios calculated are : 30.02 g/IE/d for SM, 66.64% less than the reference discharge, i.e., 90 g/IE/d; 33.97 g/IE/d for BOD5, 43.38% less than the reference discharge, i.e., 60 g/IE/d

The current study was designed for analysis of the pattern of the nucleotide sequence of the tissue DNA isolates based on the ITS2,28SrDNA gene by the traditional polymerase chain reaction. All amplicons were well suited for the prepared primer with size 873 bp . and identical ratio ranged 87.2- 98% of the same species, as included a high similarity of the isolates taken camels in Iran and Iraq related to Parabronema skrjabini . Phylogenic tree inferred the degree of relatedness between 28SrDNA sequences deposited in the international nucleotide bank sequence database (NCBI). The sequence of Parabronema skrjabini was recorded in the Genbank under accession number MT742154.1.

Beans (Vicia faba) contain some anti-nutritional compounds, especially vicine and convicine and their non-sugar derivatives, divicine and isouramil, which are responsible for the occurrence of Favism in people with hereditary deficiency of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). These study objective was estimation of vicine and convicine content and their distribution in dry and green bean parts during the growth stages, and the effect of beta-glucosidase from defatted apricot seed powder and some home-based processing conditions on elimination of these compounds from the bean. The results showed that the content of vicine & convicine in bean ranged from 22.7 mg/100 g in the seedl

A variety of organisms, including plants and bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, and microalgae, are involved in the biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can be synthesized using plant extracts, which is considered to be one of the safest methods in green chemistry. Copper-NPs were synthesized from the leaves of M. communis, which were extracted with water. The first indication that CuNPs have been synthesized is the change in color of the solution from light yellow to dark brown. Several different techniques were used to characterize CuNPs. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of the nanoparticles in the range of 300 to 700 nm was investigated using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vi

This study was aimed to assess expression of IL-22 gene in patients with newly diagnosed autoantibodies against the thyroid antigens; anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) in comparison with patients previously diagnosed and treated for autoimmune hypothyroidism as well as healthy control individuals. Twenty-eight patients with positive anti-TG and/or anti-TPO were enrolled in this study along with twelve age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess gene expression and fold change among the study groups. Results revealed anti-TG concentration ranges of 134.3 to 2998.9 IU/mL and anti-TPO concentration ranges of 41.

This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of S. aureus  to different antiseptics.This research indicate that the resistance of S.aureus to antiseptics  is  due to possessing  either the smr gene or the qacA/B genes that  associated with decreased susceptibility to antiseptics there for this study amid to determine the frequencies of S. aureus chloroxylenol resistant isolates and the presence of the  previous genes in these isolates as well as the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of these genes.189 clinical isolates isolated from skin infections  identified as S. aureus in Baghdad by microscopical and biochemical tests. The chloroxylenol resistance S. aureus isolates was identified and

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association and effect of CRISP2 variants on the risk of asthenozoospermia, a male infertility condition marked by absent or diminished sperm motility. There are numerous reasons why individuals develop asthenozoospermia. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition of infertility. Furthermore, seminal plasma, a rich source of sperm quality-related biomarkers, transports the many spermatozoa pools that make up human ejaculate down the epididymis. These spermatozoa vary in size, shape, and motility. The morphology and mobility of male ejaculated spermatozoa are affected by a number of genes, including CRISP2

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Crop Sciences Department at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on yield, components, water use efficiency, and water consumption under water stress for sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was used within split -plot arrangement with three replicates, where the main plots included three levels of water stress (irrigation at 40, 60, and 80% of available water) coded as W₁, W₂, and W₃, respectively. The nano and metallic boron spray conc

An experiment was conducted to evaluate different parts of the plant Capparis spinosa L. extracts for their phytochemical compounds by two different solvents (ethanol &hexane) . The current results showed the superiority of the ethanolic extracts by their quantity and quality of active compounds compared to the hexane extracts. The yield percentage of ethanolic Capparis spinosa L  extracts ranges between (3-31%), and color range between Dark brown, and olive with oily texture. Whereas, the yield of the hexane extract ranges between (1-27.9%) and

The research aims to identify the reality of the extension services provided to workers in the vegetable production in the farms of Imam Hussein and Al-Abbas’s shrines by the agricultural and extension departments in the holy Karbala governorate. The research included the vegetable farms belonging to Imam Hussein and Al-Abbas’s holy shrines, as well as the agricultural extension departments that provided extension services to those farms. The research sample was chosen from all the agricultural extension agents in the agricultural extension departments in Karbala governorate, totaling (36) agricultural extension agents. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a questionnair

This study was aimed to investigate the potential adsorptive behavior of mixed algae for decolorization of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution in the form of free and immobilized. Effects of initial pH value (3-9), biosorbent dosage (0.02-0.5)g/L, and initial concentration (10-50) mg/L for different contact time (0-180) min at 200 rpm shaking speed were investigated. In addition, experimental data were analyzed using adsorption (Langmuir and Freundlich) isotherms as well as kinetic models. The results demonstrated that the maximum decolorization percentage was 93% and 91% by free and immobilized algae, respectively for pH 6, 10 initial concentration, 0.3g/10

This research aimed to measure and analyze the impact of exchange rate shocks on some variables of the Iraqi economy during (1990-2022), because of the different effects of these shocks on the macroeconomic variables represented in money supply and agricultural output. Exchange rates are related to the policy chosen by the Central Bank of Iraq in managing the foreign exchange market and in the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy. The research uses a quantitative method in estimating the levels of the impact of exchange rate shocks on some economic variables. Several methods are conducted to achieve the goals, including the VAR model, variance decomposition and Impulse Response Functions. The results showed that e

This research was aimed to study the exposure of Razzazah Lake  to major hydrological changes in recent years as a result of natural climatic changes  and  drought, high evaporation in lake due to stop discharge from Habbaniyah Lake  by Al- majera channel. During 2019, we collected surface water samples at three locations, and three samples from groundwater, in addition one samples from each location Imam Ali Drop and Sewage water  of Karbala. The Results  show that the heavy isotopes in lake and groundwater well are enriched during the warm period, and depleted during the cold period. Chemically, The dominant cations and anions in Al-Razzaza lake water are mainly of

To evaluate the effect of different hormonal treatments on reproductive performance of local goats, 60 adult does were synchronized by using sponges impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate (MAP) for 14 days. Following sponges withindrawn, the does were allocated randomly to four equal groups. The first group was served as control and intramuscularly injected with normal saline (T1). The does in group 2,3  and 4 were injected intramuscularly with 250 i.u hCG(T2) 400 i.u. eCG(T3) and 20 µg GnRH(T4), respectively. Results revealed that the highest estrus response was recorded in T2 (100%) followed by T4(93.3%), T1 (86.7%) and T3(73.3%). Fertility rate was significantly (p˂0.05) higher in T4 (93.3%) and the lowest was found in

The present study was carried out to detect efficacy of essential oils (oregano oil, anise oil, citrus oil and Digestarom® P.E.P) as an antiviral  on Newcastle disease infection in broilers.One hundred twenty, one-day-old broiler chickens (Copp500) were used. On day twenty, the one hundred chickens were divided into six groups.Each group contained 20 birds. All chicks were challenged with  median) virus titer embryo infectious  dose (EID50) 1ml per bird intraocular, intranasal and orally of the isolated very virulent Newcastle disease virus that identified by (HA, HI test, PCR and ICPI) and treated with the essential oils blend level used in drinking water for five days after challenge, G1 oregano

 In the present study,out of 120 samples were collected from different clinical sites from patients who admitted to different hospitals in Baghdad city,only 65 samples were detected as A. baumannii.The antibiotics susceptibility test showed that the bacteria were resistant to piperacillin (92.31%), cefotaxime (87.69%),trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole(73.85%).While Meropenem (70.77%)and gentamycin(67.69 %).The resistance rate to imipenem and tetracycline were 58.46% and 43.08% respectively. Eventually, just(20%)among all isolates are resistant to levofloxacin. While the percentage of colistin resistance was performed among 23 isolates and the results showed that all isol

This research was aimed to study and analyze the costs, revenues, and profits of meat chicken breeding projects. The study also estimating the random frontier profit function, the profit inefficiency function and profit efficiency which based on cross-sectional data that included 59 projects for raising meat poultry in Waist governorate in 2020.The results of the analysis showed through the descriptive analysis of the cost structure that, the costs of chicks and fodder account for more than 70% of the costs, as well as achieving economic profits for projects. Through the random border profit function, the significance of both the total revenue and the costs of chicks, fodder, medicines, vaccines, and services (water, electricity

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of Dimethylsulfate (DMS) 0%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% under four levels of salinity including 0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol NaCl L^-1 on some biochemistry characters such as proline, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll. All treatments were distributed according to the factorial experiment using complete ro(CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 0.03% of DMS gave the highest proline of 2.08 mg g^-1, H₂O₂ of 0.64 µM 100mg^-1<

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol acetate) supplementation and melatonin implants on growth performance, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs fed by a high and normal energy concentrated diet in Iraq. Lambs were divided equally to two main groups to be fed either high or normal energy diet ,and each of them divided in to five treatment, the first as a control (T1,T6),two level of melatonin (18, 36mg/lamb) were applied to (T2,T3,T7,T8) and two level of vitamin E (200,400mg/lamb/day) to (T4,T5,T9,T10).All animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lambs received 400 g/day vitamin E with

The study was conducted to find out the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder at different levels on the productive and reproductive performance of local quail. About ninety female local quail were used. The quails were divided into six groups (control, standard diet + 3% lipid, standard diet + 2% powder garlic, standard diet + 2% powder garlic + 3% lipid, standard diet + 4% powder garlic, and standard diet + 4% powder garlic + 3% lipid). A higher significance (p≤0.05) in egg weight (11.69 g/egg), feed intake (2977.13 g/week), hen day egg production (92.48 %), and egg mass (10.62) was recorded of quail eating (4% powder garlic). The results show the significant (p≤0.05) superiority of quails fed 4% of garlic