The study was carried out  using full diallel cross between six inbred lines of maize, parents and their F₁ including reciprocals were planted in 19^th march 2014 at field of agriculture college, Duhok University. All treatments arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to estimate the general and specific combining ability of maize traits in single cross hybrids. According to the mean square values of The results showed that the general combining ability, specific combining ability, and reciprocal combining ability, the general combining ability exhibited significant variance for all traits except days to 75% tasseling and number of kernels row^-1, whereas, sp

 A field experiment was conducted at the fields of Agriculture College , Anbar University, (alternative site Abu Ghraib) during  spring and fall seasons of 2017, to study the effect of soil and foliar application of potassium (140 kg.ha^-1, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg-L^-1) on growth and yield of three varieties of sorghum (Lelo, Inkath and Ishtar), The experiment was carried out according to the design of  (R.C.B.D) and in order of the split arrangement with three replicates.  Results shows, the cultivar Ishtar was superior in most studied characters such as plant height and leaf area ​​148.67, 152.25 cm, 5210, 4767 cm².plant^-1, in two seasons, respectively. The same cu

This study was carried out during 2017, at the factory of shelling corn grains at Al-musayyib /Babylon governorate. The objective of this study was to evaluate some technical indicators of the locally modified sheller for corn grain by using sheller machine locally modified with different peripheral speed of shelling cylinder 900, 1100 and 1300 m/min, different clearance between shelling cylinder and concave 23 and 28 mm on some the properties, such as sheller productivity, quality productivity, power consumption and unshelled grains. This research was done by applying the split plot design experiment within RCBD using four replicates. The results showed the following: clearance between shelling cylinder and concave 28 mm indicat

Forests of Siberia are heterogeneous in species composition, productivity, types and nature of renewability. They are also heterogeneous in patterns of forest distribution on different categories of land, marshes, bare mountains, meadows and percentage of forest cover. This research investigates the main types of woody plants and geographical distribution of forest communities in Western Siberia. The forest zoning of Western Siberia was analyzed to reveal the features of zonal formation of forest biogeocenoses. Forest zoning and ecological and economic assessment of the productivity of forest communities within zones and regions make the basis for outlining the strategic priorities in the given territory, and help to develop a sy

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is well-known as serious insect pest of date palm and other palm species. The pest was firstly recorded in Iraq in 2015. This study was confirmed the identification of this pest using molecular diagnostic (PCR and sequence analysis) and investigate the genetic relationship by comparison of the sequences with other recorded copies worldwide. The results confirmed the identity of the R. ferrugineus (Olivier) molecularly. Ten copies of mitochondrial COI gene of Iraqi samples (MF092880.1- MF092889.1) were firstly registered in National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The sequences comparison of Iraqi sample genes with worldwide genes showed hi

The objective of this study was to investigate concentrations, compositions of PAHs and to study physical and chemical water characteristic in Tigris River. This study was conducted during July 2017 to April 2018. The results showed that twelve PAHs compounds were detected in water and sediment of the river and the highest concentrations of these compounds were founded in sediment samples. Concentrations of PAHs in water samples have a ranged between (0.36µg. l^-1) in wet season to (0.53µg.l^-1) in dry season, while the sediment sample have a ranged between (633.23µg.kg^-1) in wet season to (778.28µg.kg^-1) in dry season. The origin of PAHs in water and sediment were pyrogenic depending

The hard environmental factors of AL-Abedh basin region forced the native tribes to make multitude migrations in it around the year seeking for water and pasture lands . Existence of sufficient water supplement will settle these tribes down and enhancing their eco system. The real capability of GIS software to be a decisions making support tool or operations management assistant mean came from its ability of data integration and information analysis. This capability was invested in this research to determine the optimum location of a dam that confine huge amount of water in its lake which can be used to provide water for drinking,  pasture irrigation and land reclamation along the valley banks, and hydroelectricity power gen

The present study was aimed to cryopreserve mature, immature oocytes and in vitro produced embryos in Iraqi sheep using vitrification technique by local, simple and cost effective vitrification tool. This tool is an innovative straw called vitripeace invented, designed and used for the first time. Immature oocytes were aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered ewes and subjected to in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization programs.The immature, mature oocytes and embryos were vitrified using Vitripeace tools, then tha

The recent needs using new technologies depending on the geomatics and geotachnologies represented by remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) as a tool to manage urban parks green spaces as it allows to collect a lot of data easily and quickly. Also, geoanalyzing and interpreting them to improve these spaces role in urban cities. Normalized differences of vegetation index (NDVI) is considered as one of the most important geotechnical applications and a mean to monitor and interpret changes occurring in this land cover. NDVI has been studied by using Arc GIS v10.3 and the image taken by landsat 8 of OLI sensor at spatial resolution 30*30m². NDVI result showed that it was ranging between (0- -0.6) in

Purpose Industrialization is leading to gradual accumulation of heavy metals in the date palm fruits and ecosystem. This paper aims at estimating the bioaccumulation of  heavy metals in soils, fruits (dates) near the industrial area of Al-Rusail in the Sultanate of Oman. There were three sites located for sampling and each with three farms except site 3 with one farm; industrial site, cement factory and control farm. The soil, water and date palm fruits were analyzed for heavy metals concentration using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The results of  analysis showed that the mean concentration of heavy metals in soil was in the following order: Ni> Zn > Pb > Cd. The concentration of he

 The article discusses the distribution of financial resources with a preference   for land assets and production of deep processed products with the highest added value, which simultaneously increases the incomes of producers and improves government revenues by increasing tax receipts. It is noted that the progressive development of agriculture depends on the technical modernization of the industry, which also requires investment. Therefore, it is necessary to subsidize the modernization and reconstruction of fixed assets - granaries, greenhouses. Potential profit, which will become an important component of investment, can give a boost to the investment activity. An analysis was carried out on the conceptual foun

This study was conducted to produce xylose by acid hydrolysis from lignocellulose by product . The process of acid hydrolysis carried out using dilute H₂SO₄ to hydrolyze the available sources of  lignocellulosics  in Province of Wassit being (corn stover, rice husk, reed and wheat straw) ,wheat straw was selected as the best source for hemicellulose  (35)% as compared to the above mentioned sources. The hydrolysis  process included  two separated experiments ,acid hydrolysis of autoclaved and non- autoclaved wheat straw using the following reaction conditions  [(0.5, 1 and 1.5%) sulfuric acid solution, (1, 2 and 3hrs) hydrolysis time and (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) solid to liquid rat

Ground wheat straw autoclaved and non-autoclaved (l0g) was treated with 6, 8 and 10%  sodium hydroxide of 1:10, 1:15 and1:20 mixing ratio for 1, 2 and 3hrs as reaction time. Results revealed a maximum value (18.79 %) of xylose were found in hydrolysate when autoclaved wheat straw was treated with 8% NaOH for 2hrs , whereas  the lowest value was (13.52) % when the non autoclaved wheat straw (  6% sodium hydroxide concentration , 1h reaction time  and 1:10 solid: liquid ) used. Also, results indicated that  the highest level of furfural (0.34) % was observed when 10 % sodium hydroxide  solution  over 3 hrs incubat

To investigate the influence of zeranol administration by implantation and castration on fatty acids composition, 20 weaned kids (3-4 month old) with an average live weight of 17.3±0.23 kg were divided randomly into two equal main groups, the first was left intact as a control and the 2^nd group was castrated. Each main group was then blocked randomly into two sub groups, the 1^st was left as control and the 2^nd implanted with Ralgro (12mg zeranol). Kids were fed a concentrate adlib and slaughtered after 70 days of fattening. After chilling for 24 hours, a homogenous samples of meat from L.dorsi  muscle was blended for analysis of fatty acid composition. Results revealed that mono uns

The objective of this study was to determine the genotypes and allele frequency of polymorphism at position +7605 in exon 4 of the goats lactoferrin gene and to quantify their association with milk production  traits using 50  goats , A 430 bp product of Lactoferrin gene exon4 was amplified and the goats were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and NlaIII restriction enzyme. The study revealed of SNP (+7605 C/T) in Lactoferrin gene exon4 and Two alleles T and C, were identified in the studied population .

A field experiment was conducted at Abu-Ghrib during 2013- 2014 season to study the effect of harrowing systems on the decomposition and fermentation on organic matter(OM) when added and mixed with the soil under special technology, as well as its effect on the growth parameters and productivity of (Zea mays L. 5018). The experiment was laid out using factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split-split design with three replications in SCL bare soil with a percent of moisture ranged from 16 – 18 %. The main plots were designated to the two systems of harrowing (Rotary Harrowand Disc Harrow ). The sub main plots were specified for two organic matters ( Sheep manure ,cow manure ) . Data were statistic

The study area is located in Wasit province, represented in Al-Souera about 60km south of Baghdad (464273.369- 463318.982) East and (3643443.734 - 3643798.3013) North. GIS technology was used to predict some of soil fertility parameters by using Kriging Application and to produce a final fertility map by standard method of assessment, building a database of soil characteristics in GIS environmental. The results showed: There were four classes of fertility assessment in the study area, very fertile soil class was not found because the study area did not contain the ideal state of the indicators used in soil fertility assessment. The fertile soil class in the study area was 7.53% from the total are

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of five concentrations of growth regulator of (0, 25 GA3, 50 GA3, 100 Salicylic acid, 150 Salicylic acid) mg.L^-1 and three types of preservative solutions on the vase life and water relations for Gladiolus hybrida L. after cut flower. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment (3×5) according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design, with three replicates. The results showed that GA3 (50 mg.L^-1) significantly excelled in relative fresh weight of 155.33%, absorbed water 59.00 g /flower /day, the lost water 32.99 g /flower /day, water balance 26.01 g /flower /day, vase life 16.96 days, dry weight of flowers 22

The agricultural sector is most subject to the influence of risk factors. This might be explained by the fact that the efficiency and the output of agricultural production depends not only on invested labor and funds, but also on climatic, weather, environmental conditions, natural disasters. In this regard, the development of theoretical foundations of operational risk management in agriculture is highly relevant. The objective of our study was to develop measures to improve the methods of risk assessment and operational risk management at the level of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the requirements of environmental management and environmental protection. The article discusses the conditions and features of agric

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of protein in quails fed fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger (FPKC). Ninety six three-weeks-old female quails were raised in 16 cages with 60 x 60 x 40 in size of each and 6 quails each. Diets were formulated by yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal, fish meal, bone meal, premix, palm kernel cake and fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks as replications. The treatments were R0 = basal diet as a control diet, R1 = basal diet + 15 % FPKC, R2 = basal diet + 20 % FPKC, R3 = basal diet + 25 % FPKC. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight ga

The objectives of this research are to determine the optimal agricultural plane to achieve the optimum crop combination that maximizes the profits and the total and net agricultural income of the Al-Rasheed / Hamorabi Farm in Baghdad using L.P technique to reach the production volume that maximizes profit to choose the best plan and to increase the efficiency of the use of available resources at the farm level, to optimize the utilization of natural water resources and to protect them from the risk of attrition and to promote their use by deriving mathematical models for use in water needs assessment, including the application of an agricultural rotation to maintain soil fertility. The research has reached a numb

An experiment was conducted at Research Station, State Board for Seeds Testing and Certification, Baghdad, Iraq during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons to determine the effect of  four sowing dates (20^th October, 10^th November, 30^th November and 20^th December) on grain yield and it's components of three wheat cultivars (Bohooth 22, Bohooth 158 and Rasheed). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) within split plot arrangement. Sowing dates distributed in main plots and cultivars in sub plots with three replications. Sowing date 10^th November was superior in grain yield (4.96 and 5.21 t ha^-1) and most of its components (number of

A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture, to investigate moisture depletion  effect for some traits of selected genotypes during 2014-2015, which depended to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014). The 9^th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated during season 2015-2016  using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four levels of water stress (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%), depletion of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots.The results revealed significant differences among depletion %, genotypes and their interaction in all studied ch

This research aims to estimate production functions through which production relations, possibilities for production elements substitution, measurement of its substitution elasticity, and efficiency and distribution coefficients can be analyzed. This would be done through estimation of constant elasticity of substitution production function for agricultural companies in Iraq depending on data from Iraqi Stock Exchange reports of 2005-2016. The researcher had used panel data model and estimated its three models: the Pooled Regression Model (PRM), the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effect Model (REM). A comparison was made for theses three models using F, LM, Husman tests. Tests show that Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the be

This research aims to identify the productive relationship nature among the elements used in the agricultural companies by estimating the translog cost function. It also aims to recognize the possibility of substituting these elements with each other, to identify the nature of revenues, and economies scale through elasticity of other cost. This research goes further to define the typical use of resources, identify the performance of the companies and their contribution in controlling their cost, and estimating elasticity of substitution (Allen-Uzawa), (Morishima).  The translog cost function was estimated so as the total cost of the agricultural companies is a function of the prices of production and production quantity outp

The objective of this study to estimate the components of genetic variation, phenotypic (PCV) ,genotypic(GCV)  coefficient of variation, genetic gain and its percentage. An experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop Dept.Coll. Agric.-Univ. Baghdad, using four crosses (FI01301 Rustico), (AntignaoHi39× Nostred), (Lo1391× Rustico) and (Rusticocangini× Rustico) which developed  from crossing of genetically different of six inbred lines for maize (Zae mays L.), introduced from Italy. Genetic parameters were estimated according to the Joint scaling test using the randomized complete block design with four replications. The components  of genetic vari

This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in 200 fecal samples from slaughtered broiler chicken carcasses in the local markets in some areas of Baghdad city (Al-Hurriya, Al -Kadhimiya and Al-Shuala), during March to May 2017. Three diagnostic techniques used (flotation by Sheather's sugar solution, staining with Modified Zeihl-Neelsen stain, and measuring of isolated Cryptosporidium oocysts by ocular micrometer) to determine the type of Cryptosporidium species, and for conform that the isolated species of parasite from infected cases belong to the C.baileyi.  Experimental infection done in, 18 broiler chicken chicks age

There is great interest for NPs manufacturing by environmentally friendly and economic manner. The aqueous leaves extract of Thuja orientalis was used to synthesized silica nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) by using two green methods, the first one is the magnetic stirrer method and the second method by using the cold plasma. The XRD pattern for both samples annealed at T_a=600˚C for 1h, while they showed the characteristic of Bragg peaks for poly phases at (001), (010), (10-1), (1-10), (0-12) and (002) for SiO₂ triclinic (anorthic). The average crystalline size was calculated by using Scherer’s formula, which was

A field trial has been conducted at the fields of Agriculture College/ Salahaddin University- Erbil in order to evaluate the addition of some organic fertilizers to some wheat varieties and their susceptibility to attack by both corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis and wheat thrips, Haplothrips tritici with their predators. Three types of organic fertilizers (livestock manure, poultry manure + plant compost & plant compost) in a rate of (10 m³/ ha) and synthetic fertilizer (NPK) at (0.1 m³/ha) were applied into the soil. There were significant effects of organic farming on decreasing the population density of both

The objective of this research to investigate  the agricultural techniques used by farmers in reducing the losses of wheat and barley crops in the governorates of the central of Iraq. To achieve the research objectives, use descriptive approach, which is one of the research methods The eight governorates of the central region of Iraq were selected except of Salah al-Din and Anbar were excluded due to poor security conditions. Random sampleS of 50% were selected from three governorates covered (Najaf, Karbala, Babylon) with33, agricultural divisions (25%) and 8, agricultural divisions distributed over the governorates were covered by the research. A random sample of 1% of the wheat and barley farmers were selected in the agri