This study was conducted during two winter seasons 2020-2019 and 2021-2020 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya). To improve the efficiency and productivity of the flower growth, yield, and essential oil characteristic of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). The experiment included two-factors, the first with four levels of bio-fertilizers (without vaccination, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense, and mixture between vaccination), while the second with a combination of five levels that included two treatments (15 and 30 ml L^-1) for each of coconut endosperm fluid and tryptophan with one metering treatment for both (sprayed with distilled wa

A field study was conducted during the spring season of 2020 in saline sodic soils with clay loam texture, to study 16 combinations of phosphogypsum and humic acids. A randomized complete block design according to the order of treatment added to the factorial experiment was used with three replications. The experiment included the use of humic acids (HA₁, HA₂, HA₃, and HA₄) and phosphogypsum (G₁, G₂, G₃, and G₄) in four levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g L^-1) for both of them mixed in washing water to make 16 combinations, in addition to washing with a commercial clean salt (CS) treatment and Euphrates water only (W) to become 18 treatmen

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of some soil amendments (biochar and bentointe) in some chemical properties, growth and yield of broad bean in desert soil. The study included four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20 and 30 Mg ha^-1 and Four levels of bentonite (0, 10,20 and 30 Mg ha^-1) . Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were used. The results showed that the application of biochar and bentonite significantly affected all the soil chemical properties under study and plant parameters.  The level 15 Mg ha^-1 of biochar  gave the lowest valuesreached 7.30 and 3.57 dS m^-1 for soil pH  and EC and gave hig

This study was aimed to evaluate atotal phenolic content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity of M. communis callus extracts were evaluated. Callus induction in general Murashige and Skoog (MS) media is completed by the Benzil adenine's unique knowledge of callus formation. A well diffusion experiment was used to examine antibacterial interest in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The DPPH radical scavenging activity test was used to measure antioxidant activity. FTIR and HPLC have be

This Study was conducted out at the Ministry of Agriculture's Poultry Research Station/Animal Resources Department/Agricultural Research Center. To see how body weight (BW) and leptin hormone (LEP) levels in breeder blood affect fertility and hatchability. 140 Iraqi local laying chickens (120 females + 20 males) aged 28 weeks were used in the study. Following the numbering of females, the birds were grown in individual cages and dispersed sequentially on cages. The experiment was divided into three periods, each lasting 28 days, during which the breeder's live body weight was recorded and divided into two categories (greater than 1.5 kg and less than 1.5 kg), and blood samples were collected at the end of each period to determine

This research was aimed to study the most important factors affecting the food security coefficient in Iraq for the period 2003-2020. Where the food security coefficient was calculated for the rice crop, the results showed that the rice food security coefficient amounted to about 0.55, which is nearly enough for six months, which requires maintaining the level of food security of rice and then study the factors affecting food security, considering the food security factor as a dependent variable, and each of the population, local production, available for consumption and imported quantities of rice as independent variables. Statistical and standard methods were used to find out the most important aspects of this subject in the ag

This research aims to assess the impact of adding Elkhorn Sea Moss Flour as a fiber source on the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of pasta. The treatments used are C0 = 0% addition of Elkhorn Sea Moss Flour; C1 = 30% ; C2 = 50%; C3 = 70%. The study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, comprising four concentration treatments replicated three times. The results showed that the addition of Elkhorn Sea Moss Flour to pasta resulted in significant increases in protein content, fiber, and antioxidant activity. Pasta with 70% Elkhorn Sea Moss Flour addition showed the highest fiber content and moderately high antioxidant activity, making it a potential functional food product. However, as Elk

The current study was carried out on broiler chickens to assess whether probiotics or essential oils could be utilized instead of antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) in typical feed formulations, to determine their effectiveness. A total of 2250 broiler chicks at one-day old age were allocated into 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 9 replicates per treatment and 50 chicks/replicate. The Probiotic included three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the essential oil (EO) was a blend of Cinnamaldehyde-Thymol, and the AGP was Lincomycin™. These additives were added to the basal diets (BD) to formulate the following dietary treatments (T): (T1) control-fed BD that is regularly used by broiler far

The aim of this study was to find out how neem leaf extract affected the immune systems of Tilapia (O. niloticus) that had A. hydrophila in their bodies. This included looking at its phytochemistry, antibacterial properties, bioactive compounds, and ability to make the immune system stronger. The extraction uses methanol. The phytochemical test of neem leaf extract includes flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. We obtained the isolate A. hydrophila from the Jepara Brackish Water Aquaculture. Before use, we store these bacteria in Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) media at 4 oC and Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) subcultures. re use.       Test antibacterial using published We confirmed flavonoids, ta

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Field of Hort. Dept/ College of  Agric .Abu-Ghraib/University of Baghdad during the  spring growth season and autumn of 2013, to study  effect organic fertilizer and magnetized water  on Growth and production of medicinal pumpkin from fixed oil and its components, the experiment included two factors, First was irrigation with normal water(A1), irrigation with magnetized water 500 gauss(A2) and the second factor included six levels of fertilizers are: control (without fertilization) (F1), chemical fertilization (Recommended) (F2) ,fertilization with mushroo

A field trials was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station / Agricultural Research Office (33°19ʹ27ʺ.1 North, 44°14ʹ13ʺ.1 East) during spring & fall seasons  of 2014, to study the response of  maize  cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer1, Talar, Sara and 5018( to weeds control under different herbicides (2000 cm³.h^-1 Guradian , 60 gm.h^-1 Arrow, 2000 cm³.h^-1 Proponit, 600 cm³.h^-1 Crew , Weedy and Weed Free). The experiment was accomplished using randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to  split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments as main treatments, w

Al shehemia project in Wasit Governorate was selected to represent the Irrigated area in middle Iraq to study the temporal change in land suitability for wheat cultivation. Soils of the study area consist mainly, of ntisols and Aridisols soil orders .Historical Soil data were  collected from previous  works  done in 1972 . and some soil propertic were reavoluoted at 2014. Soil and climate were evaluated for wheat cultivation according to Sys ,et al system (1993) and FAO, (1976) which developed by the Italian institute in  2012. The results showed that most of soil units are highly suitable for wheat growing with class S1 and consists about %85.34 from the total area, and %10.90 for N1and N2 classes. Land suita

Field experiment was conducted out Al-Anbar in winter season of 2011/2012 to investigate decision making of selection to the genotypes of caraway Carum carvi L. thus, to introduce in consequent breeding program and test effectiveness of GT Biplot and two model of multi-trait selection, master and against checks jointly in GGE Biplot software for seven genotypes by six traits of caraway. Genotypes were randomly distributed underwith RCBD design with three replicates. Results revealed that these techniques were effective to derived information from data. Where, GT Biplot extracted 92.6% of total variation. Furthermore, it was indicated that was significant association between plant height and umbellets no. which those trai

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Department of Field Crop - College of  Agriculture Abu-Ghraib- University of Baghdad, during summer season at 2012 and 2013, to determine the response of  growth analysis parameters in some cotton cultivars to Integrated Weed Management. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged according to split-plot was used with three replicates, included six weed control treatments as Main-plots where as Sub-plots included eight cotton cultivars. The results showed various to response of  growth analysis parameters to weed control treatments , the treatment o

This research  was undertaken to evaluate five cycles of modified mass selection to improve grain yield in synthetic corn (Zea mays L.) variety IPA-5018. The selection was carried out in spring and fall seasons, during, 2013-2015 using 10% selection intensity. The five  populations obtained after selection and the original population were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The results were revealed a significant differences among selection cycles in grain yield and some yield components.  The cycle five produced highest grain yield (9699.30 kg.ha^-1) and increased 34.88% to the original population. The regression of grain yield, numbe

A filed experiment was conducted at Ehssay village-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc on yield and its quality of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates. The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha^-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron (0, Fe 150, Zn 100 and Fe 150 + Zn 100) mg.L^-1 and two mung bean genotype

A field experiment was conducted in Ehssayvillage-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc in growth traits of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates.The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha^-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron  (0, Fe150, Zn100 and Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L^-1 and two mung bean genotype (Local and indian VC6089A10) .The local ge

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture during the winter seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The objective was to investigate the effect of source-sink Regulation on grain yield  and its companents of five bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.( Randomized complete block design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replicates was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Bohooth-22, IPA 99, Abu-Ghraib-3,Al-Fath and Al-Rasheed) occupied the main plots while treatments of source-sink relationship modification occupied the sub-plots. They included eight treatments: Control (Con.), S1 (remova

A field experiment was carried out at the private vineyard located at Bara-Bhar village, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during the seasons of 2016 and 2017 to investigate the effect of three concentrations of micronutrients (0, 50 and 100 mg.L^-1) and determine the optimum bud loads per vine for "Mirane" grapevines. Twelve years old uniform vines were chosen and pruned to four different levels of buds load, namely 36, 44, 48 and 64 buds.vine^-1. The factorial experiment within randomized complete block design, with three replication was used. The results showed that the application of micronutrients especially at high concentration significantly increased leaf area, total chlorophyll content, numbe

Both bacterial isolates were obtained from Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital for Children, Baghdad, Iraq. Clinical specimens were isolated from wounds and identified by Gram staining and by Vitek 2. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Antibacterial activity toward S. aureus was detected for the Silver nanoparticles that created by bacteria, Also the synergistic effect that will be  detected  between the antibiotics and   nanoparticles(AgNPs). The highest effect was recorded i

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used as a tool for assessing genetic diversity and species relationships among five species from Rutaceae family [Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.); Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck); Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco); Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.)] and four species from Apiaceae [Carrots (Daucus carota L.; Celery (Apium graveolens (Mill.) Pers.);

This experiment was carried out at laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes College , University of Thi-Qar and at laboratories of agriculture  college , university of  Basra  during 2013 - 2014 . The aim of this study was to    identify the effect of the different seeding rates (80,100,120 and 140 kg.ha^-1)  on viability and quality characters of  four wheat cultivars ( Abu-Ghraib, IPA – 99 , Al-fatih and Al-Iraq ) seeds . Factorial experiments in CRD was used with four replication in two factors . The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and their interaction. The seeds produced  from seeding rate 80 kg.ha^-1 gave th

Field experiment conducted to measure vibrations on three axes longitudinal X, lateral Y and vertical Z on steering wheel, platform tractor and vertical vibration in seat tractor and seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) factor during operation tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications least significant design 5 % used. Three factor were used in this experiment included two types of plows included chisel and disc plows which represented main plot, three tires inflation pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 bar, and three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50

This study was designed to confirm the effect of different concentrations of water extract for stevia leaves on lowering blood sugar, cholesterol and other blood traits in diabetes-induced mice. Forty mice with weights ranging 30-35 mg per diabetic were injected intravenously into the gastric tube except for control group (non-diabetic control) and were left for one week to confirm their diabetes. The animals were divided randomly into 5 groups with 8 mice per group; animals were given in group 1 (non-diabetic control) and group 2 (diabetic control) fed standard diet with water supply, while groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed standard diet and different concentrations 300, 400 and 500 mg / dl / day respe

The relation between communication activities of extension agents and the applications of wheat growers to the wheat agricultural recommendations in Kirkuk, The main goal of this study was to determine it communications activities of extension agents correlated with the applications of wheat growers to wheat agricultural recommendations in the province of Kirkuk, Questionnaire was designed with to parts to achieve this study, The first part had (24) items related to communication activities (divided to four groups) and the second parts had eight item related to wheat agricultural recommendations stratified sample was used to drown the sample for 17 agriculture divisions in Kirkuk, The final sample had 150 growers from there divis

The aim of this study to determine how tolerant wheat genotypes to drought stress. Three drought tolerant Triticum aestivum L. genotypes; Rizgary, Sham-6 and Abu-Ghraib compared with three drought-susceptible; IPA95, Tammuz-2 and IPA99 under water deficit 20% WHC (Water Holding Capacity). ABA level, drought related parameters; shoot and root dry weights, root and shoot ratio. As well as Leaf relative water content (LRWC %), membrane stability index (MSI %) and proline content determined in the leaves. A considerable increase of ABA noted in drought tolerant as compared to susceptible genotypes under drought stress condition. That is led to reduction in shoot dry weight in Rizgary, Sham-6 and Abu-ghreb; 2.71, 2.70 and 2.6

The pre­sent study was carried out in order to under­stand and describe the histological alterations and survival rate in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. treated with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide following Saprolegniasis infection. One hundred fish infected with Saprolegnia spp. were collected from fish farms in Babylon/Iraq. Fungal isolation was done from different parts of the body using the routine technique. Pathogenicity of the isolated fungi was tested on host fish with a concentration of 2×10⁴ zoospores L^-1 and the fishes were got the infection. Hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations (1, 3, 6 ml/L for 30 min for 3 successive d and control group) was used to c

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar nutrition on fig sapling  growth of cv. waziry at the College of Agricultural Engineering Scicences A factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates was used during the seasons of 2017-2018, using fig seedlings by spraying fertilizers (Foliartal) with four concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 ml.L^-1) and organic fertilizers (Tecamin Max) with four concentrations (0, 3, 4, 5 ml.L^-1). Results revealed that application folir of chemical fertilizers caused an increases in plant growth. the highest concentration (4 ml.L^-1) was the most effect leading to a

This research aims to investigate the impact of monetary policy on agricultural GDP through monetary indicators such as exchange rate, interest rate, money supply and inflation for the period (1990-2014). The relationship was estimated through the (VECM) error correction model using statistical beam. The long - run  equilibrium relationship between the variables of the model and the results of the estimation of the relationship in the short  run revealed that the agricultural GDP is affected by the variables of monetary policy has been found that both inflation and money supply has a positive and significant the effect means that the increase in money supply by 1%  will lead to an increase in output. The GDP by 0.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addition two medical plants or their mixture on hematological, biochemical parameters, hormonal levels and milk microbiology of lactating Awassi ewes. Twenty-eight ewes at mid lactation were divided into four groups and fed rations containing 1% Gall oak, 2% Astragalus, 0.5 Gall oak + 1% Astragalus, and Control. At biweekly intervals, blood samples were withdrawn. A bulk milk samples was collected for microbiological test under sterilized conditions. Results revealed that medicinal plants significantly influenced Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate being lowest in the Astragalus group. Ewes feed Mixture group had significantly hig