This study was aimed to investigate and evaluates the degree of environmental sensitivity of desertification and to provide solutions, treatments by identifying the elements and indicators that are directly linked to desertification in southern Iraq.  GIS technique was used, and mapping of environmentally sensitive areas for desertification. Five important indices including (soil quality index SQI, climate quality index CQI, vegetation quality index VQI, management quality index MQI, and groundwater quality index GWQI) were used. Results showed that the SQI index was varied between high, moderate, and low quality, the VQI index was varied between moderate to low quality, as for the indices of (CQI, MQI, and GWQI), all classi

This experiment was carried out during season of 2020 and 2021 at Erbil governorate to study the forage and grain yield performance of three maize hybrids Zea mays L. as influenced by irrigation skipping at different times. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The irrigation treatments were located at the main plots, and the hybrids were distributed at the subplots. Highly significant effects of irrigation treatments were recorded for forage, grain yield and most of its components at both seasons and their average. The differences among hybrids were not significant for forage yield at both seasons. It was significant for grain yield as the average of both seasons only. The fr

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding three levels of concentrate 2%, 3%, and 4% with or without additives of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the digestibility, feed efficiency, and daily gain of Shami goats. Twenty-four male goats were used aged 8-10 months with an initial weight 32.687 ± 1.52kg divided into six treatments in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design. Individual feeding was used for 70 days preceded by 14 days as an adaptation period. The results of increasing concentrate showed a non-significant increase in nutrients intake with superiority of NCG treatments and a significant increase (P<0.

This study was aimed to investigate an air-flow distributer of a solar dryer. This study was contained two factors: First, the air outlet throttle (three angles, 30°, 60°, and 90°). Second, the design of the air inlet with three levels (new design (I2), without (I1), and half-opening air inlet gate of the new design (I3)). The results show significant effects on these parameters, where the highest efficiency (51.7%) was obtained at (I1) and (30°) angles. While the temperature changes between the inlet and outlet had a significant effect on the pressure difference, the pressure difference increased, reaching (1.65 Pa). Also, the drying rate was affected by the temperature and the amount of air entering the dryer. The highest d

Factorial experiment within randomized complete block design using three replication for field comparison performance slatted and general-purpose moldboard plow. Using least significant design (LSD) 1 % and 5 % was used to compare the mean of treatments. Three factors were used, the first one was depths of tillage 15 and 25 cm, the second was speed of tractor 4.146 and 7.224 km/hr, and the third factor was types of moldboard, slatted and general-purpose moldboard. Slatted moldboard recorded the least slippage of 9.697 %, the fuel consumption of 23.580 L/ha and higher effective field capacity of 0.4239 ha/hr, and field efficiency of 72.543 %. Depth of tillage 15 cm got the least slippage of 6.364 %, fuel consumption of 20.182 L/ha

This study was conducted on the in coating of beef burger using electrospun iron oxide nanofibers at two concentrations6, 8 % , to improve the chemical and physical properties of the beef burger during a 3-month frozen storage period. The results of the study showed that the addition of electrospun nanofibers contributed to reducing the total bacterial count, as well as the count of psychrophilic bacteria and coliform bacteria, to 4.88* 10³, 4.62* 10³, and 3.15* 10¹, 3.64 *10¹, respectively, and 2.15* 10³, 2.49* 10³ colony-forming units (CFU/g) respectively, during the final storage period. The moisture, protein, fat, and ash percentages in the frozen beef burger w

A new imine-Schiff base adsorbent is prepared from extracted chitosan to make taking away exoskeletons of crustacean shrimp shells low-cost and environmentally friendly with the fast and high ability to remove Cr (III) from aqueous solution. The resulting composites were verified by different techniques FTIR, H-NMR, FESEM, EDX, XRD. On applying the adsorption kinetic model, the pseudo 2^nd order model was best characterised, using adsorption equilibrium data; the Langmuir model provided a superior description. Further, the negative value of ∆G shows a spontaneous process in nature. Finally, the prepared adsorbent has been applied to a real sample of bodybuilder supplements.

This study was aimed to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol for three popular kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivars (V36, HF992 and KB6) using different types of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). The shoot tip, cotyledon and hypocotyl isolated from 2 weeks old seedlings were used as explants. MS medium fortified with different types and concentrations of cytokinins and auxin were evaluated for establishment callus formation, shoot multiplication and rooting. Among different PGR’s used, 5.0 mg/l 2iP + 0.1 mg/l NAA was the best concentration for direct shoot regeneration from cotyledon with shooting percentage of 55% in HF992 cultivar.

Alnajmi Agricultural project, Muthanna, Iraq, featured with wide salt affected soils, although it is considered as a significant project for irrigated agriculture. Salt affected soils in this project were studied in different methodologies. Micromorphology descriptive study was conducted to get more information about the salinization process in this project. Eight pedons out of twenty-five ones were selected to be examined micromorphologically. Six of these pedons were salt affected, while the other two were none salt affected soils. As a comparison among those eight pedons, saline soils showed different features related to microstructure and porosity, besides coatings as salwans (salt cutans) and calcitans (carbonate cutans). Pa

This study was aimed to find out the effect of different soil components of some Iraqi soils under different climatic conditions and different parent materials on the adsorption of lead and cadmium. Soil samples were collected from four governorates (Dohuk, Wasit, Salah al-Din, and Basra), with three sites in each governorate, and two depths (0-30 and 31-60) cm. A chemical analysis of the soil were carried out to determine the amount of organic matter, carbonate minerals, total and crystallized free iron oxides. Results showed that the values ​​of and soluble and exchangeable lead binded with carbonate minerals, organic matter, oxides, and clay fraction in rates ranging betwe

The objectire of the present study was to investigate the effect of nutritional additive of associated phytogenic P.E.P. and organic acids supplemented in drinking water on their, blood parameters, lipid profile and intestinal histomorphology in broilers. For this purpose, 240 chicks (Ross-308) one-day old were divided randomly into 6 equal groups each group 40 chicks as follow. G1supplemented with( 0.015 cc Essential Oil (EO) with Aromatic Oil (AO) 0.5cc/L) , G2  add (AO 2cc/L) ,G3 was mix (EO 0.06cc with AO 1,5cc/L) ,G4(0.03 EO with1cc AO/L ,G5 0,12cc EO /L and control (G6) group was fed the basal diet ,the results of blood parameters were indicated significant (P≤

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol as a natural antioxidant in improving the chemical properties and some qualitative and microbial properties of chilled ground beef stored at 2 C° for 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. The study included 7 different treatments: T1 (control treatment without addition) T2 (Resveratrol 0.10% g/kg) T3 (Resveratrol 0.20% g/kg) T4 (Resveratrol 0.30% g/kg) T5 (Resveratrol %0.40g/kg) T6 (Resveratrol %0.50g/kg) and T7 (Addition of Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.01% BHA). All addition treatments showed a significant (P<0.05) decreases in dry matter percentage of Fat and Ash and increase in protein, moisture and water holding capacity (WHC) percentage as compared with the control treatme

The estimation of genetic parameters of certain productive characters in different lines of quail is very important to make a breeding schedule for such lines of quail in the future. This study was carried out for three generations to estimate the response to selection, selection deferential, genetic, and phenotypic correlation between studied traits (growth and laying performance) and heritability estimates in two lines of Ukrainian quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total  of 120  Ukrainian  quails  from ) 500 ( quail birds   (base  population),  were 

The structure of fish community was evaluated before and after Aski-Kalak City at Greater Zab River, Erbil Province, Iraq during the period from November 2020 to October 2021. A total of 1582 specimens belonged to 25 fish species were collected and reached to 570 Kg of total weights. These fish were mostly belonging to Cyprinidae family and one for each Mugilidae, Siluridae, Bargridae, Sisoridae and Mastacembelidae. According to fish occurrence in (S1), there were five fish species be as resident, 8 and 10 species as seasonal and rare respectively. The annual values of fish species, weight and catches effort 10.7, 184 and 33.25 Kg/hour respectively, and in (S2) fish species of 6, 6 and 11 as resident, seasonal and rare respective

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of various filter materials in RAS such as synthetic materials and organic materials and there an impact on plasma cortisol, osmotic performance rate, growth rate and survival rate of Channa marulioides. The cultivation process in the RAS system is carried out for 100 days with 50 individuals in each different treatment, namely T1: Synthetic filter; T2: Organic filter; T3: Mixture of synthetic and organic filter; Control: No Filter and RAS. Measurements of plasma cortisol and osmotic performance levels were carried out at the beginning and end of cultivation which had an impact on growth and survival rates. The results of the study showed a decrease in cortisol levels (ng/ml

This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variations of Oat cultivars under in sufficient of irrigation. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of with  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences ;University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya during 2020-2021 seasons. The experiment was carried out using a Completely Block designwithin split-plot arrangement using three replicates under two treatments (verities and irrigation intervals). The main plots were irrigation intervals with moisture(50%, 25%, and 10%), while sub-plots were the varieties (Genzania, Anatolia, Plmula, Algoda, and Al-Shifa).The results showed that the third irrigation level had 75% flowering at highest averages93.67 days , and the V4 variety had

This study was aimed  to investigate the potential of cellulose gum as a substitute for fat in Mozzarella cheese production and evaluate its impact on the cheese's physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties. Cellulose gum was added in different ratios of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%, revealing treatments  A₁, A₂, A₃, A_4, and A₅ to skimmed milk, respectively. As well as the positive control treatment C+ manufactured from whole milk, there is a negative control treatment C- made from skimmed milk without cellulose gum. After processing, several tests were conducted to determine the quality of the product. Chemical tests were carried out to measure moisture,

The current study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on Alloxan (120mg/kg of body weight) induced diabetes in mice as well as characterize the chemical composition and phytochemical content of grape seeds from three grape cultivars (Ahmer, Halawani, and Kamali) grown in Iraq as well as pomace. Ahmer gave the highest values for crude fat14.84±0.2 and phytochemicals (tannins, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, and anthocyanin) as compared to other cultivars. phytochemical analysis using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the highest concentration of proanthocyanidins polymers (catechine, procyanidin, and epicatechine) was recorde

 The experiment was carried out to study some engineering factors for a locally manufactured machine, It cuts agricultural residues to make animal feed , in the workshops of the Agricultural Engineering Department/Faculty of Agriculture/Ain Shams University for the academic year 2021-2022. The effect of three-speed knives cutting speed (1000,1200,1400 rpm) and three-speed feeding speed (0.75,1,1.25 m/s) and the knife cutting angle with two angles (15°.30°) was studied at a knife clearance of 2.5 mm and a moisture content of 5.3%. With an electronic system with sensors to operate the machine and without. Among the technical indicators that have been studied are productivity, cutting power consumption, speci

This study was conducted in the Plant Protection Department-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad for the period 2021-2022 with the aim of isolating and identification the pathogens that cause root rot and wilt disease on the Catharanthus roseus plant in different regions of Baghdad by morphological and molecular methods using PCR technique dependence on the ITS region. The results of sampling collection showed the spread of root rot and wilt disease on C. roseus plant in all the regions covered by the study in Baghdad (Al-Gurayat, Al-Sidiyah, Al-Khadhra, Al-Ghazaliya and

This study aimed to investigate the impact of agricultural TOT shocks and the strength of their effects on some indicators of the agricultural sector. The research uses VAR, Variance decomposition and IRF approaches. The research is due to the almost monolithic exports and the multiplicity of imports, and the results of the agricultural product response to the shock of the agricultural gross terms of trade (GBTT) indicated that it had a negative impact, due to the shocks that the last variable was subjected to, which was reflected on an agricultural product, but they are not permanent as they returned to the normal situation within the sixth year. The research recommended adopting the TOT criterion as one of the criteria for draw

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crops belong to the leguminous family native to East Asia. Chemical fertilizers are widely used to increase production in quantity and quality. As a result of the harmful effects caused by chemical fertilizers, it become necessary to find alternative solutions as sustainable approach toward supply plant by elements needs such as biofertilizers. In this study, Bradyrhizobium japonicum alone or in combination of microorganism inoculation included (B. japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Glomus mosseae, and Anabaena azollae) were tested toward soybean growth parameters under open field condition. Results showed that there is a signif

This study was established to investigate the ability of the sunflower callus plant (Helianthus annuus L.) to tolerate salinity stress for two levels of NaCl (0 and 80 mM), three concentrations of IAA (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^-1), and BAP (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^-1) in lab conditions. Calli cultures were induced from the cotyledon of H. annuus L. cultured in an appropriate combination of growth regulators 2,4-D and kintein. The salinity results exhibited negative effects in most of the study indications, which can be revealed by a significant increase in sodium content (Na⁺), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂

Experiment of  half diallel cross  among eight maize inbred lines was carried out during spring 2021.The varietal traits for F1 cross and parents with local hybrid were conducted during autumn 2021 Field of  College of Agricultural  Engineering  Sciences , University of Duhok, using Randomized  Complete  Block  Design with three replications .The results were revealed that the analysis of variance for genotypes and general and specific combining ability were significant effect on  studied traits , also the ratio of degree  of  dominance is  less  then one for all traits . The cross 7x8  gave the  heighest  value ( 219.35g)   for grain yield

This research investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy of Ipomoea pes-caprae extracts collected from Pantai Talang Siring Pamekasan, Madura. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins in the extracts, indicating their rich bioactive profile. Antioxidant activity assessed via the DPPH assay demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging of free radicals, with methanol and ethanol extracts exhibiting superior activity compared to the aqueous extract. Antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus revealed significant inhibitory effects, with methan

Indonesia is characterized by great diversity of freshwater shrimp, consisting of several islands due to the geographical location on the equator. A recent investigation conducted in Central Java has identified Serayu River as the major habitat of freshwater shrimp genus Macrobrachium. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the type of giant freshwater shrimp found downstrea

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the winter and spring seasons on some biomarkers and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls (n = 20) during the Coronavirus pandemic period. Semen was collected for 16 weeks and evaluated weekly, along with the determination of some biomarkers. Sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, the concentrations of the most amino acids, essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, all carboxylic acids, omega 3, 6, 9, total fatty acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, increased (P<0.05) in semen of spring compared to the winter season. Moreover, the percentage of plasma membrane integrity was higher in the winter than the spring season. The concentration of m

Candida albicans is an universal fungi, belong to the phylum Ascomycota, the infection caused by Candida albicans is called candidiasis. The study aimed to evaluate the Syzygium aromaticum extract as antifungal activity and fungicidal against C.albicans. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine active components of clove oil which indicated the presence of eugenol (41.24%), followed by caryophyllene (18.36%) . The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was done to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of different S.arom

The current study aimed to determine the effect of adding mixture of dried dill (Anethum gravelens) powder at levels 0.2 % with yogurt to the quail diet on the productive and physiological characteristics of male and female quails. The experimental birds were divided into four treatments, and each treatment was divided into three replicates, with 8 birds for each replicate. The results showed a significant superiority of quail birds in the fourth treatment in the body weight at 42 days (210.08±3.34 g/bird), carcass weight (125.50±1.9 g/bird), highest value of HDL (14.50 ± 0.33 mg/dL) and the number of white blood cells (123.21 ± 5.66100/µL). While the birds of the second treatment excelled in the hemoglobin ratio in

This study aimed to investigate the taxonomical relationship among eight species belonging to Asteraceae based on natural products as fresh leaves of eight species (Carthamus tinctorius L., Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex Spreng., Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl., Senecio glaucus L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, and Sonchus tenerrimus L.) have been collected from different regions of Baghdad. The phytochemical screening of hexane extracts from eight plants showed different se