The research was conducted at the Animal Farm of the University of Baghdad's College of Veterinary Medicine to assess the effect of dietary grind seeds of Sumac and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes(EFE) on some  productive and haematological traits of Awassi male lambs from the period 1/2/2021 to 1/6/2021. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs with 3-4 months of age, and  divided into four groups based on body weight . Dietary treatments were as following: G1 (control) equal nourished  concentrate diet at the rate of 2.5% body weight (B.W) with alfalfa hay daily, G2 was fed on the similar diet as control group and was given 15g/head  dried grind seeds

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the concentration of some fatty acids in seminal plasma and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls with different sperm freezabilities. The semen straws that cryopreserved for two years were divided into three groups according to the sperm’s freezability: medium (MF,73.02%), good (GF,83.76%), and high (HF,91.20%). The sperm’s cell individual motility (SCIM) in fresh semen was superior (P≤0.05) in bulls with MF and GF as compared with HF bulls. Concomitantly, the HF bulls were significantly (P≤0.05) superior to those MF bulls in total fatty acid concentrations. Moreover, HF bulls recorded lesser (P≤0.05) DNA damage percent

This study was aimed to identification and detection of Mycoplasma dispar by conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays followed by routine hematoxylin & eosin technique to further confirmation of Mycoplasma species related to the lesions observed in diseased calves. Ten samples of infected lung tissue were gathered and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and handled for making a microscopic slide after confirming Mycoplasma dispar infection by PCR. Histopathological examination of the lung revealed two types of pneumonia; chronic suppurative pneumonia in 60% of the cases and 40% of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Mycoplasma dispar was confirmed based on genetic analysis. Slemani/2018 field isolate showe

The current study was aimed to investigate the impact of white light of various intensity of illumination on some reproductive and hematological parameters of female quail (Coturnix coturnix), Where 80 one-day-old birds were used, separated into four groups distributed as follows: The 1^st  represented as control was exposed to natural lighting, while 2^ed ,3^rd ,4^th  was subjected to different intensity of light represented by 0.6, 25 and 45 lux, respectively, for 5 h/day, each group was divided into 4 replicates. The study continued for 8 weeks. The results indicates a notable raise in the level of FSH and LH hormone with an increase in ovarian weight, an elevate in th

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in numb

This study was aimed to test the relationship between the unemployment rate and agricultural growth rates in the agricultural sector of Iraq according to Okun's Law for the period 1998-2019. The differences and gap versions of Okun's Law for the relationship was conducted, Alongside with Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to find the potential production and the Baxter-King (BK) filter to find the trend of unemployment for the agricultural sector, and then to find production and unemployment gaps. Bootstrapping method was used to generate data because the lack of data and Augmented ARDL to identify the cointegration. The result of independent-F test at the level was insignificant with a value of 1.49 for the differences model,

This study was conducted on the Salakhani pomegranate fruit, to study the impact of coating with (0.5 and 1) % flaxseed, (0.5 and 1)% black seed oil, and (0.5 and 1)% chitosan plus control treatment and with five storage periods. The fruits were harvested at full ripening stage on 2/11/2020 from a private orchard. The fruits were divided into groups according to the concentrations of flaxseed oil, black seed oil, and chitosan, as well as the control treatment and storage periods. Fruits were dried well after the coating process and placed in special boxes (carton boxes), the fruits were stored for five storage periods at a temperature of 5±1°C and with 85-90% relative humidity. The factorial experiment within the complete rando

This study was carried out at the Dept. Hortic. and Land.Gard., Coll. Agric. Eng.Sci., University of Baghdad during fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of nutrient solution type under hydroponic system (NFT) on growth, yield and quality of broccoli Brassica oleracea var.italica. Two experiments were carried out which were the standard solution experiment (Cooper) and the alternative solution experiment (ABEER) prepared from fertilizers. Results revealed that  the type of solution used in the hydroponics system had non significant effect on the

This study explored the effect of melatonin implantation on the fresh and cryopreserved semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Nine adult bulls were used and divided equally into three groups. The first group was left without treatment and regarded as control (T1), whereas the second (T2) and third (T3) groups were subcutaneously implanted with 72 and 90 mg of melatonin respectively on the left ear base and repeated one month post the first implantation. Semen was collected for 12 weeks and evaluated weekly for fresh, cooling, and post-cryopreserved (PC) protocols. The T3 group exhibited a higher (P≤0.05) sperm cell individual motility percentage, whereas, the T1 and T2 groups recorded better (P≤0.05

This study investigated the effect of different sperm freezability on some semen characteristics and amino acid concentrations in the seminal plasma of Holstein bulls cryopreserved for two years. The semen straws (0.25 ml) that cryopreserved for two years were divided into three equal groups (7 bulls per group) according to the sperm’s freezability: medium (73.02%; F1), good (83.76%; F2), and high (91.20%; F3). The F1 bulls were superior (P≤ 0.05) in sperm’s cell individual motility (SCIM) for fresh semen as compared with F2 and F3 bulls. The F2 and F3 groups were superior (P≤ 0.01) to the F1 group in live sperm percentage at cryopreservation. The sperm’s DNA damage percentage was lesser (P≤ 0.05) in the F1 and F3 gro

The objective of this study to estimate the components of genetic variation, phenotypic (PCV) ,genotypic(GCV)  coefficient of variation, genetic gain and its percentage. An experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop Dept.Coll. Agric.-Univ. Baghdad, using four crosses (FI01301 Rustico), (AntignaoHi39× Nostred), (Lo1391× Rustico) and (Rusticocangini× Rustico) which developed  from crossing of genetically different of six inbred lines for maize (Zae mays L.), introduced from Italy. Genetic parameters were estimated according to the Joint scaling test using the randomized complete block design with four replications. The components  of genetic vari

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is well-known as serious insect pest of date palm and other palm species. The pest was firstly recorded in Iraq in 2015. This study was confirmed the identification of this pest using molecular diagnostic (PCR and sequence analysis) and investigate the genetic relationship by comparison of the sequences with other recorded copies worldwide. The results confirmed the identity of the R. ferrugineus (Olivier) molecularly. Ten copies of mitochondrial COI gene of Iraqi samples (MF092880.1- MF092889.1) were firstly registered in National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The sequences comparison of Iraqi sample genes with worldwide genes showed hi

Eighty-four water samples were collected to evaluate the groundwater quality in western part of Iraq using water quality index (WQI) with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. These samples were analyzed to define the chemical parameters including cations and aniona in addition to physical parameters including dissolved solids (TDS), pH and electrical conductivity (EC). The analytical data has been manipulating by Piper diagram to determine the type of groundwater in the studied area. Na⁺- SO₄^-2and Na⁺- Cl^- facies are a bulk groundwater type representing 51% and 31% respectively. All physiochemical data were transferred to the geographi

The aim of this research was to develop a proposed Conceptualization for the requirements of selecting agricultural extension managers in the governorates of the central region of Iraq and to identify the opinions of the respondents regarding the proposed Conceptualization. To achieve the research objectives, the proposed sampling scale was prepared for the selection requirements of agricultural extension managers in the light of the relevant literature, Of the proposed Conceptualization, and then present the proposed scale of vision to a group of experts in the field of agricultural management and extension to explore their views on the components of the proposed scenario (areas, paragraphs) and verify its validity and determine

A stochastic frontier approach is used for analyzing of the environmental impacts of soil salinity in Iraq. An econometric method based on the neoclassical production theory (stochastic frontier analysis) is transformed to enable the definition and estimation of environmental efficiency of wheat production farms in irrigated areas in central Iraq. The study is based on a sample of 360 farms. Farms were divided into three sub groups according to the soil salinity level - low salinity, medium salinity, and high salinity. The empirical results indicate that farmers are broadly environmentally inefficient. Based on an improved input mix, the average potential environmental impact reduction for low, medium, and high salinity farms is

To investigate the influence of zeranol administration by implantation and castration on fatty acids composition, 20 weaned kids (3-4 month old) with an average live weight of 17.3±0.23 kg were divided randomly into two equal main groups, the first was left intact as a control and the 2^nd group was castrated. Each main group was then blocked randomly into two sub groups, the 1^st was left as control and the 2^nd implanted with Ralgro (12mg zeranol). Kids were fed a concentrate adlib and slaughtered after 70 days of fattening. After chilling for 24 hours, a homogenous samples of meat from L.dorsi  muscle was blended for analysis of fatty acid composition. Results revealed that mono uns

This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in 200 fecal samples from slaughtered broiler chicken carcasses in the local markets in some areas of Baghdad city (Al-Hurriya, Al -Kadhimiya and Al-Shuala), during March to May 2017. Three diagnostic techniques used (flotation by Sheather's sugar solution, staining with Modified Zeihl-Neelsen stain, and measuring of isolated Cryptosporidium oocysts by ocular micrometer) to determine the type of Cryptosporidium species, and for conform that the isolated species of parasite from infected cases belong to the C.baileyi.  Experimental infection done in, 18 broiler chicken chicks age

The present study was carried out to isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the genital tract of some farm animals in Baghdad city to study the genetic and the ability of these isolates to produce phenazine pigment. For this purpose 240 vaginal and uterine samples were taken from 20 cows, 20 ewes and 20 goats postpartum. The result refer to that 203 samples gave positive bacterial growth. Distributed as follows 54 cows, 73 ewes and 76 goats. Depending on cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristics, 17 isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained. Addition to using differential and selective media to study the ability of these isolates to produce pyocyanin pigment. The results showed that all of P. aerug

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the Diwanyiah River by the water quality Index (WQI) over the period from September 2015 to June 2016. Four sites were selected along the river. The Canadian water Quality Guideline- water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) was applied to the Diwanyiah River in this study. Nine environmental parameters (water temperature, power of Hydrogen ion, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total alkalinity, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate) were selected to assess the water quality for the protection of aquatic life. The water quality index results showed that the water quality of the river is ranged between poor to marginal.

The endosperm in cereals supplies nutrients to the developing kernel and seedling, and it is the primary tissue that gene imprinting occurs. Developing maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms were analysed for allelic gene expression in both reciprocal crosses of inbreds B73 and Mo17. A high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in kernels at 0, 3 up to 15 DAP of both reciprocals were performed, and found a gradual increased paternal transcript expression in 3 and 5 DAP kernels. Meanwhile, in 7 DAP endosperm, most of genes tested gave the ratio 2:1 maternal: paternal, suggesting that paternal genes are almost fully activated at 7 DAP. There were 300 PEGs and 499 MEGs identified across endosperm development stages. A 63 genes out of

Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of the most beneficial rhizosphere bacteria mostly used to control broad range of soil borne plant pathogens. The local isolate of P.fluorescens (PFDS) was formulated using calcium carbonate (CaCo₃), starch, grind rice and grind hornwort (Ceratophylum demersum L.)  as carriers to examine the best carrier for application of bacteria to control the  plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. The results revealed a significant superiority of starch and CaCo₃ (35.3, 32.3

Forests of Siberia are heterogeneous in species composition, productivity, types and nature of renewability. They are also heterogeneous in patterns of forest distribution on different categories of land, marshes, bare mountains, meadows and percentage of forest cover. This research investigates the main types of woody plants and geographical distribution of forest communities in Western Siberia. The forest zoning of Western Siberia was analyzed to reveal the features of zonal formation of forest biogeocenoses. Forest zoning and ecological and economic assessment of the productivity of forest communities within zones and regions make the basis for outlining the strategic priorities in the given territory, and help to develop a sy

This study was aimed to investigate genetic relation among 21 selective of watermelon seeds which collected from different commercial companies for different origins and produced at different years by using 12 primers for Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The results showed that the selective of Crimson sweet had genotypes highest genetic relation between ( K1 and K2) it was found less than the genetic similarity between ( K1and K4) , ( K2 and K4) .The four selective were divided two groups A and B. The results showed that the selective a Charleston gray had the highest genetic relation between (CH4 and CH6) while it found less than the genetic relation between (CH5 and CH9). The ten selectives were divided two cluster A and B

This study was conducted on the 22 taxa of the genus Trifolium L. which grow naturally as wild plants in all geographical districts in Iraq. A comparative study of the leaf petioles was anatomically examined by paraffin method. Petiole cross-section outline shapes have divided the genus species into fourteen groups and sub-groups. According to the microscopical characteristics the cortex of petioles showed to contain layers of various tissues, the collenchyma tissue observed sub-epidermally in some species, and cortexes of the others were devoid of collenchyma. The sclerenchyma strands were noted in three patterns; above vascular bundles, above and beneath vascular bundles, and the sclerenchyma strands completely surroun

A variety of organisms, including plants and bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, and microalgae, are involved in the biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can be synthesized using plant extracts, which is considered to be one of the safest methods in green chemistry. Copper-NPs were synthesized from the leaves of M. communis, which were extracted with water. The first indication that CuNPs have been synthesized is the change in color of the solution from light yellow to dark brown. Several different techniques were used to characterize CuNPs. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of the nanoparticles in the range of 300 to 700 nm was investigated using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vi

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the ability of soil to adsorption of Zinc added from three sources: nano-Zinc oxide (ZnnO), nano-chelated Zinc (Znn-DTPA), and nano-organic Zinc (Znn-HA), with several concentrations ranging from 0-160 mg Zn kg-1. Zinc was added for each concentration at an amount of 20 ml per 1 gm of soil. As for the ordinary sources, Zinc was added from the ordinary sources, Zinc oxide, ZnO, chelated Zinc , Zn-DTPA, and ordinary organic Zinc , Zn-HA, in several concentrations, ranging from 0-500 mg Zn kg-1. Each concentration was added at 20 ml per 1 gm of soil and two repetitions for each source. The adsorption capacity of the soil and the binding energy of the adsorbed Zinc , and to estimate the thermo

This study was aimed to reduce the clogging ratio using two waters qualities Sumael (LSI) and Bazalan (LSII). The physical treatment was carried out using complete filtration unit composed of three of filters (Hydrocyclone, Sand, and Disc filters) and application of hypo chloride (Ca (OCl)₂ ) 2 ppm as chemical treatment. Generally, physical treatment was more effective than chemical treatment to reduce clogging ratio for Sumael water (LSI). In contrast, for Bazalan water (LSII), the chlorine application was more practical to reduce clogging ratio. The results showed after the period of 320 hr, filtration reduces the clogging ratio for Sumael water (LSI) was 67.77% at clogging ratio 12.51%corresponding to 28.53% at clog

This study was aimed to record new genus and species (Morettia philaeana). Through field survey trips to collect the wild plants from specific places at Western Desert District of Iraq, during the year 2022 and near the Rutba Dam on Wadi Houran at Jaffalah region (28km. south west of Rutba), the species Morettia philaeana (Delile) DC. was collected as a plants of the Cruciferae family, after confirming the identification as a new species in the country depending on the Flora of the neighboring countries of Iraq, the study included the morphological description of all floral and vegetative organs, as well as the anatomy of stem and the study of some characteristics of the stomatal complex in cauline leaves . Thes

Eight inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) and their 16 F₂ hybrids were used in this investigation during the spring season 2023, utilizing the line × tester mating design. This study was conducted at two environmentally different locations at Sulaimani: Dukan and Qlyasan. The hybridization consisted of four inbred lines (NADH905, NADH102, NA106, and SaraNA) which were used as lines with four inbred lines (NA225, NAHD503, ZN12, and NAPI 5012) which were used as testers. The cross SaraNA×NAPI5012 and NADH 905×NA225 recorded t

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diesel fuel temperature on engine performance and emissions.  A 4-cylinder 4-stroke water cooled direct injection (DI) diesel engine was tested at three fuel temperatures (50, 60 and 70( °C. The fuel temperatures were controlled by A thermoelectric cooling system (TEC) fixed on the fuel supply line before the injection pump. The engine was run with two speed levels, included 1200 and 1500 rpm, with constant load (full load). An electric dynamometer was connected to the engine to make load by electric heaters. Gas emission was measured using gas