Laboratory experiment was carried out to study kinetic of copper adsorption using silt clay loam calcareous Iraqi soil. 5ml of copper nitrate solutions (0,25,100 and500 mg Cu L^-1)that were prepared from Cu(NO₃)₂.3H₂O Added to (soil) and (soil+compost) treatments. Compost (0.05gm) was added to (soil+compost) treatment that equal 10g kg^-1 soil. The soil samples were incubated at 293±2 K for four incubation periods 24,168,336 and 672 h using Batch equilibrium technique. At each incubation period the soluble copper was determined and kinetic equations were tested. The results showed that the soi

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influence  of  combinations  of Indole  butyric  acid (IBA) ,  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) and  polyamine Spermidine (Spd.) on rooting of shoots of  citrus volkameriana rootstock cultured  on 1\2  MS medium. The Results indicated that 1/2 MS medium supplemented  with 1.0 mg L^-1 (IBA)  gave the highest  percentage 

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influences  of  combinations  of  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) , Thidiazuron (TDZ) Spermidine  (Spd. ) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy  acetic  acid (2,4-D) , Benzyl  adenine (BA) on callus  induction  and  adventitous  shoot  regeneration  originated  from  cotyledon  of  Citrus volkameriana  seeds.

The foreign trade in agricultural products form an important factor for developing countries, including Iraq, because of their great importance in the conduct of agricultural products to regional and global markets and supply there agricultural products from the outside world, thus the imports of agricultural products and goods represent great importance in countries that suffer from the domestic production unable to bridge the consumers needs, especially in the short run.The study aims to analysis and determine the most important economic factors those affecting the quantity of imports of  the chicken meat during the period (1985-2013), where the most important variables those affecting were: the domestic production of chic

The research aimed to know the communicational sources used by agricultural Agent to transfer agricultural information for rice farmers in AL- Abbbassia of Najaf Al- Ashraf province and determine the most important extension means and method used by the agent in his contact with farmers. A questionnaire is designed to collect data included three scales to measure communicational sources (personal methods , collective methods, and mass media methoda ), The research community was farmers associations in AL-Abbassia cultivation section (11) association, The sample was farmers associations (36%) which were ( AL-Sadr, Iraq, Murtatha, and mohamed massa

The objective of this research to determine the knowledge level of the agriculture extension managers in the strategic management, To achieve the aims of this study we used a questionnaire included with a quadrant scale and consists of 75 paragraph for the managers of the middle zone and the executive directors, distributed in 12 sectors ( Concept, the importance, aims, types of strategies, level of strategies, Vision Characteristics, Mission Characteristics , strategic analysis, strategy formulation, strategy application, adjustment of the strategy, role and duties of the strategic manger). A random samples of 50 managers and vice managers have been taken from the middle zone of Iraq (Baghdad, Babylon, Najaf, Karbalaa, Wasit, Dy

This study was carried out in greenhouse Date to palm Research units, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad ( Abu Ghraib ) , seasons 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of foliar application organic matter extract and humic acid and their interactions on yield of strawberry plants . The study include 12 treatments , to spray strawberry^'s plant with four levels of organic matter spray included distilled water only (T0) , (1) volume of organic matter extract to volume of distilled water ( 1:1)  (T1) , (2) volume of organic matter extract to volume of distilled water (2:1 ) (T2 ) and (3) volume of organic matter extract volume of distilled water (3:1) (T3), the second factor was three concentrations of hu

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetized water on common carp Cyprinus carpio rearing in different salinity concentrations. The experiment was divided into four treatments using magnetized with 1500 gauss for each treatment,  first as control with tap water, second treatment using water with 2 mg/l, third and fourth treatments with 3 and 4 mg/l respectively for 8 weeks. Results of the experiment indicated some variations between treatments as it seen sharp significant decrease (P≤0.05) in pH, dissolved O₂ proportional with increasing salinity concentration but just remain within the accepted values for breeding common carp fish, meanwhile th

Research was conducted to assess the effect of  treated waste water  and dry sludge application on soil contamination by some pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Fecal coliform and Fecal streptococci, which used as an indicator organisms for soil contamination by bathogenic bacteria. Composting sludge (T2) and non composting dry sludge (T1) applied to soil  to assess the effect of compost of sludge on the number of pathogenic bacteria and soil contamination . Research consisted to identification and enumeration. The three pathogenic bacteria were examined at the mid and end of cultivation season. Factorial experiment with three replicate, using waste water treatment (W2) as a source of irr

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dept. , College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib at season (2014) to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on growth and yield of cowpea. (Ramshorn C.v.) Seeds are sown at two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also included the use of four concentrations of Boron (B), which were; (0, 50, 100 and 200) mg. L^-1 and  three concentrations of Carbo lizer; (c) (0, 1,25 and 2,5) cm³.L^-1 sprayed at three times; (30, 45 and 60) days after sowing. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental design RCBD and it is adopted in three replacement

The experiment aimed to study the interactive effect between biofertilizers and salicylic acid on pods quality specifications and N,P,K,Fe and Mn concentrations in pods of bean plants under river and drainage water irrigation. The experiment Carried out using Spilt-Spilt-Plot Design using irrigation as the main plot , salicylic acid as sub plot , bio-fertilizers as sub-siplt-plot.  The triple combination among river water, biofertilizers mixture and 0.5mM salicylic acid recorded highest values in the percentage of carbohydrate (20.10 and 20.83%) dry meter(13.22 and 12.44%) TSS (11.65 and 10.09%) percentage of oils (0.59 and0.56%) protein(20.19 and 19.00%) Nitrogen (3.23 and 3.04%) Phosphorus

A Field experiment was conducted on the vegetable field - Department of Horticulture - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during spring season 2013 and fall season 2013-2014  to study the effect of different levels of Agrosol and Enraizal on the qualitative characters of the fruits of cherry tomato. Hybrid Jaguar,F1 used during spring  season and  fall season and the hybrid Summerbrix  used during fall season only. Three concentrations of Agrosol (0,3,6 g/l ) and Enraizal (0,2,4ml/l) were used respectively .The experiment was conducted by using (RCBD) with three replicates. The results could be summarized as follows: in first experiment, Treatment AG2EN0 increased the percentage of

This study was aimed to improve the rheological and qualitative properties of the most common bread, wheat bread, by barley pentosanes, which is not optimally utilized although it's many benefits and its huge production. Therefore, water-soluble pentosanes (WSP) and water-insoluble pentosanes (WIP) were extracted from barley  (Hordeum vulgare) and added to wheat flour at different percentages. Five treatments were prepared: (T1) from flour only, (T2 and T3) adding WSP at levels(1 and 2%), (T4 and T5) adding WIP at the same levels respectively. The results showed significant improvement in rheological and qualitative properties of the dough and bread made from this dough with increasing the level of addition. The wat

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of in-ovo injection with vitamin E and selenium during the incubation and post-hatching period. 360 fertilized eggs of Ross 308 broiler breeders were incubated, then distributed on 10^th day into three groups (120 eggs/group). 1^st group: uninjected eggs, 2^nd group: eggs were injected with 0.1 ml deionized water/egg in the chorioallantoic cavity, and 3^rd group: eggs were injected with 0.1 ml/egg of Introvit-E-Selen in chorioallantoic cavity. After hatching, 270 chicks were randomly distributed into six groups, and reared until 42 days aged as follows: birds in 1^st, 3^rd and 5^th groups drinks tap water only (fre

This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of Babesiosis in different areas at Baghdad city, by using microscopic examination ;180 sheep’s head blood samples were collected from each local breed (122 males and 58 females) with different age groups from 6 months to more than one year old, during the period extended from 1/October2019 to end of April 2020.Giemsa stained blood smears were done for detection Babesia spp. ; The overall rate of  infection with Babesia spp. in sheep was 15.55% (28/180), significant differences P≤0.05 was  recorded between male 19.67% ( 24/122) and female 6.89% ( 4/58 ), and sheep with  equal or more than one year old  registered higher ra

The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of M-CuNPs, mint, and CuSO4 in controlling saprolegniasis in common carp. The efficacy of Cu-NP which prepared by using chemical method was examined. 120 fish of weight 80±10g were groups divided into six replications (10 fish/replicate) and the groups were treated as follows: (C-) health without any infection and without treatment, (C+) infected and without treated, (T1 and T2) The fish were infected with the fungus and treated with M-CuNPs at concentrations 20, and 10 mg/l respectivly.T3: fish infected with fungus and treated with copper sulfate at concentration 0.5mg/l. T4: Infected fish were treated at a concentration 100 mg/L of mint. After 14 days of treatment, samples w

This study was aimed to investigate Broiler chickens using PCR-RFLP (IGF1 and IGF2 genes). HinfI and Hsp92II restriction enzymes were used to amplify and digest 793-bp and 1146-bp fragments of the IGF1 gene, respectively. TT, TC, and CC genotypes were found in both genes in two different T and C allele subgroups. IGF1 had a higher prevalence of the C-allele (0.86) than IGF2, whereas IGF2 had a higher prevalence of the T-allele (0.5611).

This study was aimed to describ the course of Newcastle disease at 24 and 72 hr. of infections in broilers flocks within the period (1-December-2021 to 1- Jun- 2022) and the study aimed to determine the immunological (CD4, CD8) response and changes in neurotransmitter hormones. The blood samples were collected and prepared then examined by ELISA kits test and were worked under the protocols of companies. The result of immunological response showed the response to cellular immunity (CD8) in all cases increasing within 24hr.with statistically represented levels while, the result of humoral immunity (CD4) increasing in all cases except two cases within 72hr. with statistically significant levels as well as the results of (CD4/ CD8)

The colonies of C. glabrata were described, which morphology of isolated on sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is of great importance since they are highly involved in various medical and biological applications. The current study aims to produce Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs to be used to treat Candida glabrata. Nanoparticles were formed, the results of which was observed through UV-visible spectrophotometry. Therefore, the surface morphology and particles size of AgNPs were assessed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the average diameter of AgNPs was 18 nm which is appropriate to be

This research was aimed to delay the staling of wheat bread as one of the most used products globally by adding barley pentosanes, which is neglected and not taken into consideration despite their unique and multiple functional properties and their optimum storage temperature. Water-soluble pentosanes (WSP) and water-insoluble pentosanes (WIP)was extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and added to wheat flour at different percentages. Five treatments  were prepared: (T1) from flour only, (T2 and T3) adding WSP at levels  of (1 and 2%), (T4 and T5) adding WIP at the same levels respectively. All treatments were stored at (20, 4 and -18 °C), for 72 h. The results indicated that the addition of pentosans (WSP an

This experiment was aimed to investigate the Toxicopathological effect of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (1/10LD₅₀) on the adult male rats' liver. Sixteen adult male rats were used in this experiment. After acclimatization for two weeks, they were divided equally into two groups as follows: Group-C-control: Normal diet and water for 30 days (n=8 rats).Group-T1: DMF 645.5mg/kg. B.W as 1/10LD₅₀ for30 days ( n=8rats ) , after thirty days collected blood for liver enzymes analysis then all animals killed at the end of the experiment and the liver samples saved at 10% formalin for histopathological preparation. The results showed that serum liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST) concent

This study was aimed to investigate  the micro-morphological characteristics of pollens and seeds for five species of the Brassicaceae family in Iraq belonging to the genus Lepidium, and  species of Lepidium sativum L., L.ruderale L. , L.perfoliatum L., L.aucheri Boiss, and L.latifolium L. The characteristics of the pollen grains included the shape of the grain, the length of the equatorial and polar axis, the distance between the two grooves and the groove  length , as well as the grain surface configuration. The seeds spherical in shape, while the other species were elongated in shape. As for the seeds, they were studied by the Dissect microscope and

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nine treatments on tomato plants and their planting location within a randomized complete block design. The treatments included gene silencing of the PL enzyme (RNAi-SlPL) and application of organic pectin and calcium to extend the marketability of tomato fruits and improve their quality. The RNAi-SlPL treatment outperformed others, revealed the lowest weight loss (41.4%) and highest firmness (4.89 kg·cm⁻²) after 36 days of cold storage, along with strong performance after 21 days at room storage (41.31% weight loss, 4.29 kg·cm⁻²). This was followed by CaP1P2 treatment, with 43.7% weight loss and 4.48 kg·cm⁻² firmness after 24 days of cold storage, and 45.87% weight loss w

This experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during 2022 season to investigate the effect of spraying with melatonin, potassium sulfate, and organic zinc on the flowering and production stage, of 3-year old Kumquat saplings grafted onto lemon rootstock. The experiment was factorial within Randomized Completely Block Design using three replications. The factors of the experiment were foliar spraying with melatonin, potassium sulfate, and organic zinc. The treatments were applied at two times, spring and autumn. Each of the three factors independently influenced both the fruit characteristics and the concentration of c

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of light and some factors on some vegetative growth and flowering of two cultivars of carnation plant (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). The results showed the maximum leaves number, leaf area per plant, internodes number and intermodal length were recorded under 14h incandescent (41.09 leaves/plant, 363.91 cm2, 18.70 node/plant, and 7.675 cm) respectively, and the increase was significant. While the effect of triple interaction, which showed a significant effect in all characteristics, the largest leaf area per plant (578.66 cm2) was obtained from the moonlight cultivar when cultured on the media containing 60% local compost and exposed to the 14h

This study was aimed to increase some flavonoids active compounds production in Echinacea purpurea seedlings through plant seeds treatment with different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles that daignosed and characterized using AFM technique. This research was implemented at plant tissue culture labrotary  of College of biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during the period of 2021 and 2023. The experiment designed factorial within CRD using three factors and ten replicates (3X3). Sodium hypochlorite concentration (S1, S2, S3, S4) (0.0, 1, 2, 3%) represented the first factor, treatment duartion time (T1, T2, T3) (5, 10, 15min) represented the  second factor and copper oxide nanoparticles concentrati

This study aimed to identify the pollution extent in the Tigris River within Baghdad city by applying the Overall index of Pollution (OIP). Monthly water samples were collected from five sites along the Tigris River during the wet and dry seasons of 2020-2021. Eleven parameters were selected to conduct the study; Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Total Hardness, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Biochemical oxygen demand, and Total Coliform. The OIP ranges from 2.46 to 1.96 in the dry season and 2.02 to 1.91 in the wet season. Results revealed that Tigris River water is categorized from slightly polluted to acceptable according to OIP classification. The current study's finding lies in

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the antibacterial essential oil of Peganum harmala L. seeds against locally isolated heterogeneous vancomycin intermediated Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) at doses ranging from 0.03 to 200 mg/ml. The filtered essential oil of P. harmala, after extract by the 96% ethanol in a Soxhlet extraction device, was analyzed by GC/MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy). The results showed that the P. harmala seeds oils contained several compounds, such as Harmine (58.26%), followed by 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (28.55%) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.30%), It is highly effective against targeted bacteria. The MIC metho

This study was aimed to investigate the trends in (11) thermal bioclimatic indicators throughout Iraq's various climates to better understand their spatiotemporal variations in different climates. All bioclimatic indicators have been calculated from daily ERA5 datasets of temperature extracted from 361 grid points covering Iraq. This data set covers global coverage of monthly temperatures from 1980 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of (0.25°x0.25°). Eleven thermal bioclimatic indicators were subjected to the Mann-Kendall (MK) test in order to measure trends in a single direction, without taking into account the influence of natural cycles. The findings showed that the majority of Iraq's thermal bioclimate indicators had change