A field study was conducted on 2 hectare area at Al- Rashid district, south of Baghdad to analyze the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), initial infiltration rate (IR), Porosity (F) and bulk density (BD). Based on measured BD values Rosetta software was used in this study to estimate water retention parameters, water content at θ₃₃ and θ₁₅₀₀ kPa and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 33 kPa(k₃₃), 100 kPa(k₁₀₀) and  1500 kPa(k₁₅₀₀) according to Van Genuchten-Mualem model.  Measured and predicted data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically and, the result

This experiment was implemented in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences fields in Bakrajo-Sulaymaniyah in two consecutive cropping seasons, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Two seeding rates were applied with three seeding methods, seed drill, conventional scattering pattern by centrifugal seeds spreader, and an un familiar pattern in the region, which is the overlapping pattern of grain spreading lines by the distributor. the coefficient of variance (% CV) for seeds had the best value in comparison to overlap spreading, which in turn was better than conventional scattering was 1.1, 8.2 and 47.2 for seed rate of 200 kg ha^-1 and 1.7, 7.6, and 44.8 for seed rate of 160 kg ha^-1 respectively. The seeding rat

This study was aimed to investigate effect of wheat cultivates  to herbicides. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department at the College of Agricultural , University of Tikrit during winter season 2017-2018. Factorial Experiment within  Randomized Complete  Block design with  three replicates were used . This  experiment contains two variables first was used the herbicide (Atlantis, Pallas, Chevalier)  and control. The second variable includes four cultivates (Al-Hashimiyah, Al-Baraka, Nor, and Door 29). The results Al-Baraka revealed that the highest plant height (75.91 cm), number of spikes (372.67 m²) and the number of shoots m² (35

Four durum wheat genotypes exotic from ICARDA and local variety were sown in agricultural season of 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The result of the combined analysis of variance exhibited that the mean square of environments, genotypes and to evaluate their stability for genotypes x environment interaction (G X E) were significant for all traits, suggesting differential response of genotypes due to environment. When by partitioning G X E interaction in to the linear and non-linear (pooled deviation) components, that differences between environments (environment linear) were highly significant for all traits. For the GXE interaction linear, the results i

The research was conducted during 2018-2019 growing season to study the growth and yield of various wheat cultivars under various methods of fertilizers application including bio-fertilizer under rainfed conditions of two different isohyets conditions. Randomized complete block design was applied with four replications. Potential grain yield is highly affected by the number of reproductive tillers; differences in final grain yield were highly and positively correlated to the number of tillers (r= 0.54**) and above ground biomass (r= 0.68**). The grain yield was about three times higher in Rikava location (3.19/1.01 t.ha^-1). Both of Cihan and Adana99 wheat significantly produced higher grain yield (2.44 and 2.43 t.ha

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between broiler strain, slaughter age, and post-chill (PC) aging duration in terms of measurable meat quality parameters. Two hundred fifty Hubbard on one day old chicks classic and two hundred fifty Lohman were bread in a commercial setting. Each strain had half of its broiler chicks slain at 32 days of age and the other half at 42 days of age. A total of 168 bodies (84 Hubbard and 84 Lohman) were selected at random on each day of processing, with each strain being divided into 28 groups and aged for 0, 4, and 24 hours. Each strain had a comparable average weekly body weight. Hubbard strain animals demonstrated greater feed conversion ratios during weeks two and thre

The research aims to analyze the correlation  of altitude, soil chemical properties and shades on Arabica coffee yields in Humbang Hasundutan Regency Sumatera Utara Province. This research was conducted using survey method with purposive sampling approach. Sampling were conducted on altitude varied between 1200 – 1500 m asl. Soil samples in top soil and sub soil were taken in order to analyze pH, C, N, P₂O₅, K, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Coffee plant growth variables observed including productive branches, number of bunches, number of fruit per bunches, diameter of canopy and total yield. Whereas the quality variable measured were physical quality and taste. Data on soil chemical properties,

This study was amied to evaluating the efficiency of foliar fertilization with organic cobalt and environmentally friendly nutrients in improving production and chemical content of potatoes at the experimental fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad.A factorial experiment (3×7) was applied using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the first factor was foliar fertilization with ATP SMART as an organic source of cobalt in three concentrations (0, 1, 2 ml L^-1), the second factor includes foliar fertilization with aqueous solution of powdered cow's milk in two concentrations (10 and 20gL^-1),and the bio stimulants STIMPLEX at two concentrations (5

The present study was carried out to investigate  the micropropagation of viburnum opulus (Roseum) by using single nodes with axillary buds excised from soft cuttings using full strength MS salts, 30g.l^-1 sucrose, 7g.l^-1 Agar and different concentrations of plant growth regulators in culture medium. Results of the experiment at initiation stage revealed that the culture of single nodes of viburnum on a medium containing 4 mg.l^-1 BA gave the highest number of shoots (2.21 shoots/explant). Concerning the interaction, a nutrient medium containing (2 mg.l^-1 BA+ 0.4 mg.l^-1 IAA) gave the highest values of mean number of shoots, leaves and length of new shoots (1.61 sh

This experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of spraying acid salicylic (SA) at concentrations of 250, 500 mg L^-1 and hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ at 3% and 6% compared with water as a control treatment on three cultivars of date palm tree (Barhi, Hilali and Majhoul), which are propagated via tissue culture under salt stress conditions, to estimate the gene expression of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), The SA 250 and 500 mg L^-1 for Folding values achieved the highest gene expression for the cultivar Barhi and Hilali, which reached 2.549121, 3.363586, 5.098243, and 4.924578, respectively, While the highest gene expression of this enzyme for the Majhoul when treated with 6% hydrog

This study was carried out to evaluate the micrografting success of Red globe cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) on three rootstocks Ramsey, Freedom and SO4 and investigate the effect of some factors on the micrografting success. Furthermore, compatibility in the graft union was studied. The results showed that Red globe on un-rooted Freedom achieved the highest percentages of scion survival (100.00 %), scion bud burst (60.00%), graft union formation (60.00%), and rooting (40.00%), also longest shoot (2.00cm), highest root number (8.00) and root length (4.50cm). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium Supplemented with Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at 1mgL^-1 achieved the highest percentages of scion survival (95.20%), scion bud burst (6

This study was aimed to investigate diverse stress treatments on Imipenem susceptible A. baumannii for persister cells formation. Isolates were assessed for persister cells presence by colony forming unit counting (CFU/ml) after exposure to Imipenem (10 µg/ml) in presence and absence of acid stress treatment (pH 6) for 0-7 hr. In- vitro activity of curcumin to synergize Imipenem to kill persister cells was investigated. The frequency of hicAB and relEB of type II toxin- antitoxin (TA) loci was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. The transcription level of hicA and relE toxin genes was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The level of persistenc

This study was investigated the effect of iron NPs and essential oils of clove in normal and nanoemulsion forms for controlling Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Alternaria solani compared with Azoxystrobin fungicide under laboratory conditions. Data revealed that all tested compounds are capable of inhibiting the growth of mycelial of F. oxysporum F. solani, and A. solani from 0 to 84.4%, 0 to 88.9 %, and 0 to 61.1 %, respectively. There is relationship was found between the tested concentration of all treatments and their percentages of inhibition of mycelium. In addition, the use of Azoxystrobin, iron NPs and essential oils of clove in normal and nanoemulsion increase

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of different irrigation systems, which included surface drip irrigation, sub-surface drip irrigation, surface irrigation in basins and cover crop on water productivity, growth and yield of maize in a silty clay loam soil in the Nile sub-district of  Babil Governorate, in the fall season 2020. The experiment was designed using the split plot arrangement according to a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment treatments included two factors: cover crop (C) includes cover crop (C₁) and without the cover crop (C₀), and irrigation systems (I): includes surface drip irrigation (I₁) subsur

Sida is a pantropical weed that can be annual or perennial. Several species have been identified in Indonesia. Sida cordifolia, S. rhombifolia, S. alnifolia, S. rhomboidea, S. acuta, S. glutinosa, and S. mysorensis were chosen for this study because they are representative of the species that are extensively spread in Indonesia. This study aims to update taxonomic information on the Sida genus in Indonesia. A phenogram was created using the data that was derived from the scoring of 70 morphological features. At PAST, the phenogram was created using cluster analysis, and Principal Cluster Analysis was used to determine the reason for clustering. The first cluster shows the separ

This study was aimed to investigated the relationship between the daily average of meteorological parameters (MP), and the daily average (DA) of air pollutant concentrations (PC) (including particulate matter (PM)). In this study, the DA of air PC, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂), was measured during heavy traffic in the summer season for five different locations throughout 2017, and comparison made with results similarly obtained in 2012. The particulate matter sample has been collected for the same period. The daily average meteorological parameters (MP) such as temperature (T), atmospheric pressure (AP), wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) were meas

The study was aimed to determine the coordinates of  the points were measured by different ways and different instruments, the most precise way using the differential global positioning system (DGPS) that will be the reference measurements in comparison, less precise way using navigator GPS. Google earth (pro.), and the other applications of GPS mobile ( Samsung and I-phone). In this research (8 points) were chosen that are occasional in location. The comparison of the different observations can give us an idea of ​​the extent to which the accuracy of the observations differs from the different devices used in the observing, as well as through the knowledge of the best device and the best way to measure

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation different levels of Clomiphene citrate to the diet of female quail on productive and some physiological traits. The experiment was conducted in a commercial farm from 2/3/2021 to 24/5/2021 (3 months). Females aged 50 weeks (160 females) were randomly distributed into four treatments, and each treatment included four replicates (10 birds for each replicate). The treatments were divided into a control group (T1; basic diet only), second treatment (T2; basic diet + 0.25 mg / female / day), third treatment (T3; basic diet + 0.50 mg / female / day, fourth treatment (T4

The present study was aimed to isolate the abundant Staphylococcus aureus produce asparaginase and evaluate the efficacy of purified L-ASNase against a breast cancer cell line. From one hundred local isolates of S. aureus which subjected to the primary screening processes for asparaginase production, thirty-seven isolates with maximum ability of hydrolysis zone in primary screening (the ratio of Z more than 10 mm) were selected for secondary screening. It has been indicated that S. aureus TG98 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (255.8 U/mg protein). The highest producing-isolate was identified according to vitek test. The optimal conditions for ASNase production by the selected isolate was perfo

This study was conducted at the poultry farm  -Animal Production Department/ College  of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad, for the period from 2018/8/17 to 2018/9/28, in order to study the effect of adding inorganic and organic selenium to the broiler diets reared at high temperatures in the physiological performance.  A 420 un-sexed chicks of breed (Ross 308) were used in the experiment as a one-day old and with weight rate of 36.4g. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally on 7 treatments, each one included 3 replicates at 20 chicks/replicate. The experiment included the following treatments : T1,T2, and T3 as organic selenium treatments which are selenomethionin with a concentrati

This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and the distribution of Integron I, Integron II, and genes among uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infection. The results revealed that one hundred and thirty-seven (91%) out of 150 clinical specimens were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates (137 isolates) were given a higher percentage of resistance against Piperacillin (94.89%)and Rifampicin (93.43%) and the lowest resistance was with Meropenem (40.87%). According to PCR amplification

In order to conserve the ecosystems and biodiversity of wetland areas, it is necessary to monitor the degradation of these areas. Currently, Al Razzazah lake and its surrounding areas have degradation significantly due to its low water level, which has negatively affected its biodiversity. Hence, this   research aims to propose a method to model the monitoring of spatio-temporal changes in that lake and its surrounding areas with an area estimated at 4660 km² between (1998 – 2018) using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. After conducting the supervised classification by the method of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for all satellite images, we extracted thematic maps, which contain five c

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma synoviae in broiler and layer chickens infected with respiratory signs. A total of 80 samples were collected randomly from layer and broiler chickens with respiratory signs in Baghdad from the period between January to May 2017 from the trachea, Lung, Air sac, oviduct, tracheal swabs, conjunctiva swabs, choanal swabs, and nasal swabs and cultured in PPLO medium with supplements, then positive culture subjected to DNA extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction assay (PCR) to detect Mycoplasma as a genus and Mycoplasma spp by using specific primers targeting16S rRNA gene. The results of culture revealed that the total rate of Mycoplasma<

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phytase as a feed additive on growth performance and survival rate against Saprolegnia spp.in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. A total of 120 C. Carpio (initial mass 20.05-20.35g) were randomly stocked into six treatments in duplicate (10 fish/tank) as follows: T1, T2, and T3 were fed the basal diet supplemented with phytase at 1000, 2000, and 4000 IU/Kg diet respectively, while T4 were fed on basal diet plus β-glugan at a concentration of 8.5 g/kg as well as the control group was fed basal diet without any addition of phytase. Results showed after 60 days of feeding period, that the addition of phytase enzyme was significantly (p<0.05) affected on da

The present study was aimed to determine the effects of erythromycin on the liver of albino Swiss mice. The study sample included 12 male mice divided into 3 groups. Mice of groups 1 and 2 were orally administrated with a daily dose 50 and 100 mg/kg bw erythromycin, respectively, while group 3 served as control and administrated with 0.1 ml distilled water. The treatment continued for 14 days . The results indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, and ALP activities of group treated with 100 mg/kg of erythromycin, compared with group treated with erythromycin 50 mg/kg . The study also showed several histological alterations in the liver tissues of animals treated with 50 mg/kg of the drug, includi

Genotypes and allele frequency values ​​were studied to determine the genetic diversity of three microsatellite markers (BM1329, BM134 and CSSM66) in two local Iraqi sheep breeds (50 Awasi ewes (AW) and 50 Naimi ewes (NA)) and breed in one Agricultural Stations in middle of Al-Furut Iraq (Karbala Governorate). The Genetic analyses for the study were carried out at the Biotechnology Research Center /  Al-Nahrain University using PCR technology to obtain alleles for the studied microsatellites. The results of this study indicate that there is a multiplicity of genotypes and alleles resulting from these markers among the members of the single breed and between the studied breeds. It was rev

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma₄ and Cham₆) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb₃) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh  (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported cal

The current study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to April 2019. One hundred and forty samples from different regions of Baghdad city, Iraq,  were collected from 50 calves, 40 children, and 50 water supplies for diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis. The prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in calves, children, and water by microscopic examination by using sucrose flotation, 30%, 27.5%, and 16% respectively. Twelve positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in the Genebank database for the first time in Iraq, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 5 sequences belong to G.intestinalis  for human(MN244831, MH925331, MN244829, MN244828, MN244830), 3 sequences for calves (MN244827,