This study explored the effect of melatonin implantation on the fresh and cryopreserved semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Nine adult bulls were used and divided equally into three groups. The first group was left without treatment and regarded as control (T1), whereas the second (T2) and third (T3) groups were subcutaneously implanted with 72 and 90 mg of melatonin respectively on the left ear base and repeated one month post the first implantation. Semen was collected for 12 weeks and evaluated weekly for fresh, cooling, and post-cryopreserved (PC) protocols. The T3 group exhibited a higher (P≤0.05) sperm cell individual motility percentage, whereas, the T1 and T2 groups recorded better (P≤0.05

Usage of chemicals such as malachite green to disinfect fish eggs in aquaculture has been banned in many countries around the world due to its environmental negative impact. This study aimed to evaluate the Zingiber officinale rhizomes extract as an antifungal agent during incubation period of Bunnei eggs and comparison of its effects with malachite green. For this purpose 24 hours after fertilization, methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in four groups with a concentration of 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/L and three replications per concentration in a (10 minute) bath every 12 hours and malachite green gro

This study was aimed at inhibition of purified protease produced by C. albicans using plant seeds extract. One hundred two local C. albicans isolates that were isolated and identified by microscopic and biochemical tests were submitted to primary and secondary screening techniques in order to select the qualified C. albicans isolate for protease synthesis. Among these isolates, nineteen isolates with the highest hydrolysis zone on skim milk media (primary screening) were chosen for secondary screening. It has been found that C. albicansV56 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (41.8U/mg protein). The optimum conditions of protease production by selected isolate using solid state fermentati

This study was aimed to identification and detection of Mycoplasma dispar by conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays followed by routine hematoxylin & eosin technique to further confirmation of Mycoplasma species related to the lesions observed in diseased calves. Ten samples of infected lung tissue were gathered and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and handled for making a microscopic slide after confirming Mycoplasma dispar infection by PCR. Histopathological examination of the lung revealed two types of pneumonia; chronic suppurative pneumonia in 60% of the cases and 40% of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Mycoplasma dispar was confirmed based on genetic analysis. Slemani/2018 field isolate showe

The current study was aimed to investigate the impact of white light of various intensity of illumination on some reproductive and hematological parameters of female quail (Coturnix coturnix), Where 80 one-day-old birds were used, separated into four groups distributed as follows: The 1^st  represented as control was exposed to natural lighting, while 2^ed ,3^rd ,4^th  was subjected to different intensity of light represented by 0.6, 25 and 45 lux, respectively, for 5 h/day, each group was divided into 4 replicates. The study continued for 8 weeks. The results indicates a notable raise in the level of FSH and LH hormone with an increase in ovarian weight, an elevate in th

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in numb

The research was conducted at the Animal Farm of the University of Baghdad's College of Veterinary Medicine to assess the effect of dietary grind seeds of Sumac and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes(EFE) on some  productive and haematological traits of Awassi male lambs from the period 1/2/2021 to 1/6/2021. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs with 3-4 months of age, and  divided into four groups based on body weight . Dietary treatments were as following: G1 (control) equal nourished  concentrate diet at the rate of 2.5% body weight (B.W) with alfalfa hay daily, G2 was fed on the similar diet as control group and was given 15g/head  dried grind seeds

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the concentration of some fatty acids in seminal plasma and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls with different sperm freezabilities. The semen straws that cryopreserved for two years were divided into three groups according to the sperm’s freezability: medium (MF,73.02%), good (GF,83.76%), and high (HF,91.20%). The sperm’s cell individual motility (SCIM) in fresh semen was superior (P≤0.05) in bulls with MF and GF as compared with HF bulls. Concomitantly, the HF bulls were significantly (P≤0.05) superior to those MF bulls in total fatty acid concentrations. Moreover, HF bulls recorded lesser (P≤0.05) DNA damage percent

 This study was aimed to estimate the effects of women age on oocytes quantity and quality and to determine whether there is a correlation between serum and follicular hormone levels. The samples were collected in the higher institute for the diagnosis of infertility and assisted reproduction techniques, Baghdad, Iraq. The 60 participants were split into two age groups, G1involved women younger than 35, while G2 involved women older than 35 years of age. The levels of FSH, LH, AMH, and GH in the serum and follicular fluid (FF) could be measured using (ELISA). The results demonstrated differences in the serum levels of FSH, LH, AMH, and GH between the young and elderly groups of infertile women on the day of

This study was aimed to test the relationship between the unemployment rate and agricultural growth rates in the agricultural sector of Iraq according to Okun's Law for the period 1998-2019. The differences and gap versions of Okun's Law for the relationship was conducted, Alongside with Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to find the potential production and the Baxter-King (BK) filter to find the trend of unemployment for the agricultural sector, and then to find production and unemployment gaps. Bootstrapping method was used to generate data because the lack of data and Augmented ARDL to identify the cointegration. The result of independent-F test at the level was insignificant with a value of 1.49 for the differences model,

This study aimed to identify the pollution extent in the Tigris River within Baghdad city by applying the Overall index of Pollution (OIP). Monthly water samples were collected from five sites along the Tigris River during the wet and dry seasons of 2020-2021. Eleven parameters were selected to conduct the study; Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Total Hardness, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Biochemical oxygen demand, and Total Coliform. The OIP ranges from 2.46 to 1.96 in the dry season and 2.02 to 1.91 in the wet season. Results revealed that Tigris River water is categorized from slightly polluted to acceptable according to OIP classification. The current study's finding lies in

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the antibacterial essential oil of Peganum harmala L. seeds against locally isolated heterogeneous vancomycin intermediated Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) at doses ranging from 0.03 to 200 mg/ml. The filtered essential oil of P. harmala, after extract by the 96% ethanol in a Soxhlet extraction device, was analyzed by GC/MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy). The results showed that the P. harmala seeds oils contained several compounds, such as Harmine (58.26%), followed by 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (28.55%) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.30%), It is highly effective against targeted bacteria. The MIC metho

This study was aimed to investigate the trends in (11) thermal bioclimatic indicators throughout Iraq's various climates to better understand their spatiotemporal variations in different climates. All bioclimatic indicators have been calculated from daily ERA5 datasets of temperature extracted from 361 grid points covering Iraq. This data set covers global coverage of monthly temperatures from 1980 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of (0.25°x0.25°). Eleven thermal bioclimatic indicators were subjected to the Mann-Kendall (MK) test in order to measure trends in a single direction, without taking into account the influence of natural cycles. The findings showed that the majority of Iraq's thermal bioclimate indicators had change

This study was aimed to increase some flavonoids active compounds production in Echinacea purpurea seedlings through plant seeds treatment with different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles that daignosed and characterized using AFM technique. This research was implemented at plant tissue culture labrotary  of College of biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during the period of 2021 and 2023. The experiment designed factorial within CRD using three factors and ten replicates (3X3). Sodium hypochlorite concentration (S1, S2, S3, S4) (0.0, 1, 2, 3%) represented the first factor, treatment duartion time (T1, T2, T3) (5, 10, 15min) represented the  second factor and copper oxide nanoparticles concentrati

A field trial was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station at Najaf Governorate during 2015 season to assess the effects of irrigation periods and organic manure on yield and its components of two local rice varieties (Anber 33, Jasmine) under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). The experiment was conducted using split split plot arrangement with RCBD design with three replicates. The main plots were irrigation methods where practiced: continuous submerge and intermittent water application where irrigation water was scheduled at two different intervals 3, 5 days. The sub plots were varieties (anber33,jasmin) and three amount of organic manures 0, 5, 10 ton.haˉ¹, planted under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compare

The objective of this research was to analyze the economic impact of government intervention in the essential cereal crops for (Rice Buhooth1, and Synthetic genotype Baghdad3) by comparing the social price and private prices through adopting policy analysis matrix approach PAM and the derived parameters from it .The research was divided into two chapters; the first chapter was about field counting for the policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention on the Rice Buhooth1. The second chapter was about explaining the field counting for policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention impact on the second synthetic genotype Baghdad3.T

The aim of this study is to focus on the investment priorities in the agricultural scientific research in Iraq for three cereals crops (Rice Amber Al Baraka Buhooth2, Corn Synthetic genotype Fajer1, and wheat Buhooth158) for the year (2012) respectively by using analysis method named police Analysis Matrix. This method is considered being a way of knowing the impact of investment in the agricultural scientific research, and it is done by calculating Profitability coefficient, Domestic Resource Cost coefficient, Producer Subsidy Ratio coefficient, and Private Cost coefficient Ratio for the

The aim of this study is to calculate the marketing efficiency to measures range of efficiency of the marketing processes of crop and their satisfaction of consumer demand, and calculate the marketing margin in marketing process  for stage producer – whole sale and whole sale- retailer stage, and to fulfillment the requirements the research it is aims . The data was collected from 32 farms of tomato from AL-Taji District_Baghdad province Agricultural season 2015 non covered agriculture. The marketing efficiency of sample low 32. 5, and the  absolute marketing margin in stage of wholesaler-retailer was 230 I.d/kg, and retailers importance it was 39.36%, although that relative importance of the retailer profits from the

A field trail was conducted at the Field Crop Research Station, Abu-Graib of Agricultural Research Office during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in order to investigate the relationship between flag leaf and yield of four wheat varieties. Split plot arrangement with RCBD  three replications was used. Varieties (Fatih, Abu-Graib3, Mexipack and IPA 99) was occupied main plots while, flag leaf removal treatments (control treatment (no removal), removal at complete emergence flag leaf (24 March), 29 March, 3 April, 8 April, 13 April and 18 April) was occupied as sub plots. The results  showed significantly effect of flag leaf treatments to all studied characteristics (except spike length at second season only). The highest impact r

An experiment  was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, College of Educated For Pure Science, Diyala Uinversity in 2014-2015,to investigate the influences of some plant growth regulators on total alkaloids production for ashwagandha plant )Withania somnifera L.) In Vitro .Four concentrations of Benzyl Adenine)BA (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.l^-1, which were represented with A0  ،A1 ، A2  and A3 respectively

This experiment was carried out at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2015 to study the effect of nitrogen fixing bacterial bio-fertilizers including Rhizobium phaseoli, Azotobacter  chroococcum, and Azospirillum brasilense and molybdenum on growth and yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each included 11 treatments represent the interactions between nitrogen fixing bacteria strains, molybdenum solo application, molybdenum and bacteria strains interactions, in addition to the recommended nitrogen

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Dept. Fild– Coll. Agric,University of Baghdad , to study the response of  red cabbage to the adding  wheat peat  and spraying its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on qualitative characteristics of  heads , using Raissa hybrid , during winter season of  2015-2016 . Afactorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) with threere plicaes were canducted , The  First fatcor includes five levels of  fertilizers , wethout-fertilizer (P0) , recommended chemical fertilizer ( 100 N ,120P205and120K2O  kg . h ^-1

An experiment was carried out at the research station of the Agriculture College - of Baghdad University for two seasons, spring and autumn 2015, Using hybrid seeds, primal, one of the early Cultivars. To study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient for the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted using factorial experiment (4×3) with in randomized complete block designe with three replicates and12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml L^-1, 2g Fe L^-1 and 0.5 Zn ml L^-1+ 2g Fe L^-1) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha^-1, after melted in a calculated amou

In order to estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environment variance; and estimate the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variations; and heritability broad sense. for some traits, in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).Experiment was carried out at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during Spring and Fall season of 2013, by using split plot arrangement in randomize complete block design with four replications . The population densities are 6000, 7000, 80000 p.ha^-1.as the main plots. Traits and variances were recorded on three genotypes of sorghum, Enqath, Rabih and Kaffieras sub plots. Results of statistical analysis showed that the cultivar Enqath the higher yield

A Factorial experiment were conducted at the experimental  farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad Jadiria the winter Season of 2014-2015. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on Regulation of tillering in wheat and  its relationship with grain yield and it's components. Treatments were distributed in Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design (RCBD) with three replicates and with four seeding  rates (60,80,100 and 120 kg.ha^-1) and fertilized with four nitrogen levels (50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha^-1). The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and

A Factorial experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad winter Season of 2014-2015. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on regulation of tillering in wheat and its relationship with grain yield and components. Treatments were distributed in the Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design with three replicates and four seeding rates 60,80,100 and 120 kg ha^-1 and fertilized with four nitrogen levels 50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha^-1. The results showed that there were significant differences within two factors and their interaction on the number of spikes and grain yield.

This study was conducted to isolate the fungus Rhizoctonia solani associated with Zinnia seeds, test its pathogenicity and evaluation the effect of  alcohol extract of coontail and lotus, grapefruit extract, sea bloom 29 and Bioimmune on this pathogene. This fungus was presented in 3 samples from 11 samples and was recorded for the first time on this plant in Iraq. All the isolates caused a significant reduction in seeds germination. Isolate A22 gave the highest decrease in percentage of germination (4%). This isolate gave 100% disease incidence and 96.5% disease severity compared to control (2.5%). The percentage of germination capacity and seed germination of the seed primed with PEG solution and planted in soil i

To evaluate five  maize inbred lines imported from Italy by  daillel and reciprocal crosses which predict from its, by estimate the heterosis ,general and specific combining ability effect(Gca,Sca,Rca), type of gene action and degree of dominance  for growth traits  and total yield. Field experiment was conducted during the two successive  seasons of 2013 , during spring  seasons full –diallel cross was carried out among inbred lines, In fall season a comparison experiment between the parents and the hybrids was carried by using randomized complete block design. The result show significant differences  for the  plant height (PH)(cm), ear height (EH)(cm) ,number of  leafs per plant(NL

An experiment was conducted at the central lab of Graduate studies - College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The objective was to study the effect of growth regulator on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars (PAC-78001 and local) variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiments according to CRD. Seeds sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes, then, cultured on MS media free of growth regulators to embryo induced. The embryos were cultured on MS media at different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) mg Li^-1. Induced callus from embryos was cultured on MS media supplementing with Kin. at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mg Li^-1 to determ

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-p