Laboratory and field experliments were conducted  at the college of Agriculture, university  of  Baghdad during the spring season , 2012 to estimate the  population density,  seasonal  abundance  and  the nature  of  damage  of  the corn leafhopper on 4 cultivars of corn . The results was showed that the infestation with the leafhopper Empoasca decedans ( paoli)  begining after seedling emergence. Symptoms  characterized by the presence of yellow lines on leaves which turn into brown and kill of seedlings in severe infestation . Two peaks of the leafhopper were observed during the growing season ,the first high peak of 16/leafhapper /trap occure during

Fig moth E. cautella, considered the most serious pests infest dates and cause economic losses in the field and warehouses in Iraq which produces between 600-700 thousand tons of dates annually. In order to reduce this damage, different pest control methods are used, and mixed radiation considered one of the newest and innovative way to control the Moth that attack stored dates. This research has been done in Nuclear Laboratory of Edu. For pure Sci. / Ibn al-Haitham in 2016, three boxes for each irradiation dose, each one contain 10 date fruits. Dates. Zahdi variety artificially infested by eggs of Ephestia cautella. Eggs and larvae of insect exposed to different doses of gamma

Tigris River was chosen as astudy area in Baghdad province to study the geomorphological temporal changes due to the effect of erosion and deposition by remote sensing .Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) was calculated by data of  Landsat 7 and 8 for  +ETM and OLI ,respectively , between 1989 and 2014. Ten sites were selected within five regions represent all geomorphologic forms in the study area starting from Altajee to Alga’ara site located between the longitude 44° 19´ 50.512" E, 33° 23´ 24.754" N and 44° 32´ 07.762" E , 33° 09´ 21.432" N, with distance of 59945 m. The results indicated

In order to determine the traits that correlate to yield to rely on them as selection criteria for high yield in safflower; seeds of five cultivars .2081, Gelser Almais , Ordini, and rabia 500 planted in the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agriculture –Uni. Of Baghdad during 2010and 2011.The design  of experiments is randomize complete block design  with split plot arrangement with three replication. Data were recorded for traits: yield/ plant, total yield, harvest index, oil%, number of seed/plant, number of seeds/capsules, seed weight,dry weight of plant, number of capsules/plant, number of primary and secondary branches and plant height. Results of statistical analysis illustr

This research was conducted to study the impact of foliar spraying by some plant growth regulators to increase salts tolerance of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Shakar. Thirty young date palm trees (seven years old) and same number of fruiting trees (18 years old) were selected and spraying with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) solutions at the concentrations (0.50, 100 and 150 ppm), Salicylic acid (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mM) and putrescine (0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.1 mM). Results indicated that the application of growth regulators led to reduction trunk diameter comparing with control (121.33 cm). Spraying NAA with concentration of 100 ppm, gave the highest height of the

This rsearch was conducted on apricot trees cv. Labeeb at the college of Agriculture – University of  Baghdad/ Abu Gharib during the growing seasons 2013 and 2014, to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer extract and the method of  application on growth and yield parameters, the extract was applied in the biggning of spring by two ways the first foliar application with three concentrations 1, 2 and 3 g.L^-1 and second ground application 2, 4 and 6 g.L^-1. The experiment were designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and Genstat program for statistical analysis. Results of the first season showed that the foliar spraying with high concentration gave highest values for branches

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of sucrose, poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on hypocotyl induced callus of Moringa oleifera at the plant tissue culture lab.- College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad from February 2015 to May 2016. Sucrose concentrations were 30, 60, and 90, 120 g .L ^-1 and PEG 0, 25, 50 and 100 g .L ^-1 added to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg .L ^-1 of 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg .L ^-1 of NAA. MS medium supplemented with120 g .L ^-1 of sucrose gave the best amount of Zeatin, Quercetin and Kaempferol reached to 103.4, 1324.6 and 966.5 µg. g dry weight of callus^-1 respectively. The concentrations o

This investigation was aimed to study the effect of soil application of Bio health and foliar application with Tecamin max and Benzyl adenine on growth characteristic of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) seedlings during two successive seasons (2020 and 2021). Bio health was added with three concentrations (0, 6 and 12 g.L^-1) to the soil and foliar application of Tecamin max with three concentration (0, 5 and 10 ml.L^-1), Benzyl adenine with three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg. L^-1) on the sweet orange seedlings which were brought from private nursery in Duhok city and have two- years old and nearly uniform in growth vigor. The results proved that all parameters such as increases in pla

This research paper report and discuss the first record of Chaetomorpha minima from Pakistan. The study sheds light on the fine aspects of the surface and interior structures of the species thorough morphological assessment of the taxonomic aspects. The cosmopolitan genus Chaetomorpha is commonly known as “Spaghetti algae”. It is a green alga belongs to the family Cladophoraceae. The specimen was collected from nutrient-rich, shallow environment of Sandspit backwaters mangrove area which is connected with the Arabian Sea through Manora Channel. Mangrove forest comprises of only one species Avicennia marina andprovides good feeding, sheltering and breeding ground for many species of birds giving sign

The study was conducted to study the effect of replacing different levels of treated and untreated corn impurities with urea instead of wheat bran on productive performance of Awassi lambs. Wheat bran were replaced by five levels of treated and untreated corn impurities as: 44:0%, 32:11%, 20:22%, 10:32% and 0:39% bran: impurities in a 2×5 factorial experiment. Concentrated fed at 3% of live body weight as dry matter basis, while alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum. Forty Awassi lambs were used, with an initial weight of 27.45 ± 2.16 kg and 4-5 months old. All lambs were fed individually feeding for 70 days, preceded by 14 days as adaptation period. Results showed a non-significant superiority in dry matter and nutrients intake b

A field trials was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station / Agricultural Research Office (33°19ʹ27ʺ.1 North, 44°14ʹ13ʺ.1 East) during spring & fall seasons  of 2014, to study the response of  maize  cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer1, Talar, Sara and 5018( to weeds control under different herbicides (2000 cm³.h^-1 Guradian , 60 gm.h^-1 Arrow, 2000 cm³.h^-1 Proponit, 600 cm³.h^-1 Crew , Weedy and Weed Free). The experiment was accomplished using randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to  split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments as main treatments, w

A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad /Abu-Ghraib during the growing season of 2009 and 2010 to investigated the effect of spraying of ascorbic acid at three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) gm L^-1 on some growth characters and yield of three genotypes of soybean (Sori, Lee and Snaea -2-), using RCBD with in split plot arrangement with three replications. The genotypes were in main plots while the concentrations of ascorbic acid were in sub plots. The results showed that the superiority of Sori genotype in branches No. (7.11 and 7.90) branch.plant^-1, pods No. (153.44 and 187.43) pod.plant^-1

Assessment of genetic diversity for various traits would contribute in hybridization projects in order to recover aspired recombinants. Therefore, metroglyph analysis and ANOVA were conducted out to estimate genetic diversity among seven caraway genotypes. Field experiment was applied in winter season of 2011/2012 with three replicates. Consequently, data were recorded on plant height, branches no., umbels no. umbels diameter, no. of umbellets and plant yield. Results showed that allotting of index scores for each trait of seven caraway genotypes represented the worth of the genotype in respects to the trait which the performance of genotype is represented by total index score for all traits of that genotype. Thus, Bery and Mosul

The experiment was conducted on a farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for the year 2015 in silt-clay loam soil in order to evaluate the effect of tillage equipment on tillage appearance and some the technical indicators. The tractor" ITM– 285"with tillage systems implements tow factors included, three primary tillage implements included: Moldboard plow, Chisel plow and sweep plow and three pulverization implement included :disc harrow, spring spike tooth harrow and rotary harrow studying the effect of these factors on: Number of clods > 10cm , number o

An Experiment carried out in Al-Yarmook Area in Baghdad for the growing season 2014 to study the effects of foliar application of Salicylic acid and Humic acid on Vincristine and NPK content in Catharanthus roseus. A factorial experiment was applied including two factors according to The Complete Randomized Block Design, the first factor included four levels of salicylic acid 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L^-1 which were represented with S₀, S₁, S₂, and S₃ sequentially, the second factor included three levels of Humic acid 0, 0.75, and 1.5 ml.L^-1 and were represented with O₀, O₁, and O₂ sequentially to make up 12 factors in total th

The study was carried out during the growing season 2013 in a private orchard in Diyala Governorate on pomegranate trees Punica granatum L. cv. Salimy which were nine old  years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained on three trunks and planted at 4×4m  to study the effect of three levels of potassium sulfate  (0, 1500, 3000 mg.K.L^-1) and three levels of Zinc (0, 500, and 1000 mg.Z.L^-1) and three levels of Gibberellic acid (GA₃) (0, 20 and 40 mg.L^-1) on quality and quantity of fruit yield, A factorial experiment with three replicate was carried out according to the (RCBD) using one tree on experimenta

نفذت هذه الدراسة في كراجي ايران في الموسميين 2017 و 2018  لتقييم الزراعة الصيفية في 22  حزيران والزراعة الربيعية 20  نيسان لستة تراكيب وراثية من البنجر السكري و ثلاثة مواعيد حصاد (13 تشرين اول و 2  تشرين ثاني و 23 تشرين ثاني لحساب الكتلاز ( CAT ) و مال

This study was aimed to determine the interaction of cement kiln dust - aqueous solution contaminated with Cadmium ions was studied through set of batch tests with operational conditions of contact time ≤120 min, sorbent dosage from 0.05 to 1 g/100 mL and agitation speed ranged from 50 to 300 rpm for initial concentration of 50 mg/L with initial pH of 3 to simulate the acetogenic phase in the sanitary landfill. The best values of these conditions are 1 hr, 0.7 g/100 mL and 250 rpm respectively, To obtain maximum removal efficiencies of 97.6%. Freundlich and Langmuir models have a high ability in the representation of the sorption data with determination coeffic

This article investigates the ability of two types of mealybugs, citrus (Planococcus citri) and longtailed (Pseudococcus longispinus) mealybugs, of acquiring and transmitting Grapevine vein-clearing virus (GVCV) in a greenhouse setting. Mealybugs are the primary vectors for most Badnaviruses, and only a few species have been shown to be aphid-transmitted. In this study, we tested the acquisition and transmission ability of two mealybug species using GVCV-infected and healthy grapevines in a greenhouse setting for three consecutive seasons. This study determined that acquisition time by the mealybugs could be as low as three days, yet the transmission of GVCV from infected grapevines to healthy grapevine

This study was aimed to determine the best nutrient balance for chickpeas from the relationship between the Norms of nutrients with the critical point for each nutrient using the DRIS system. This experiment was carried out at the Grdarasha farm, college of Agriculture Engineering Science, University of Salahaddin during the spring growing season of 2020, to find out the effects of three levels of nitrogen (UREA) (0, 15, 30 Kg N ha^-1), four levels of triple super phosphate (0, 20, 40, 60 Kg P ha^-1), and three levels of KCl fertilizer (0, 15, 30 Kg K ha^-1) and their combination on Chickpea yield and nutrient balance by using Split Split plot design with three replicates. The highes

A factorial experiment was conducted within split-split plot design with three replicates. Four genotypes seeds (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2, and Q21) were planted in the sub plots while six water treatments distributed in the main plots. They were ordinary river irrigation (S0), stress at emergence (S1), branching (S2), at ear formation (S3), at flowering (S4), and at maturity (S5). Irrigation water was applied in the normal irrigation when 50-60% of the available water was depleted and one irrigation was omitted from the water stress treatments. Reference and actual evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, yield, crop coefficient, and water use efficiency were calculated. Mean irrigation requirement fo

Collagen hydrolysates were obtained from catfish skin collagen hydrolysis using catfish collagenase, pepsin and trypsin individually and mixed for 15-300min. The degree of hydrolysis , antioxidant activity based on, DPPH radical-scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power (RP) for all obtained hydro lysates were studied , then the collagenase hydrolysate was (CH)  was selected to be evaluated for  antibacterial activity , functional properties including solubility, emulsification and foaming  properties besides the toxicity  . The highest values for RSA (72.5%) has been noticed when DH reached (24.30%) after 30 min. of hydrolysis by collagenase (CH). The water and oil holding capacities for this hydro l

This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5.

This study evaluates the role of some aromatic essential oil (AEOs) (Eucalyptus oil, Mint oil, L-Menthol, and Thyme oil) with different methods of administration,  antibody titer of  infectious bronchitis virus (IBv) vaccine with different routes of vaccination, and value of total lipid profile. The study is designed as follows { T1:Oral method for each them  (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily + vaccination against IBv-H120.T2: Spray method for each them (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly + vaccination against IBv-H120.T3: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.T4: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral  method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with

This study was aimed to use GIS techniques in climate studies. Analysis of monthly wind speed data for the period 1981 to 2017, and mapping of monthly, seasonal and annual wind speed in Iraq has been investigated in this study. The area of study was divided into three regions. the results of  Mann Kendall test of the middle and southern region reveal a significant decreasing trend in the months of the summer season. While positive trends of mean wind speed were found in the northern region for the whole period. Wind speed value reaches its highest value in (Jun and July), and the lowest value of wind speed was in December.  Seasonal wind speeds show the highest values recorded in the summer and spring seasons and the lo

In order to investigate the effect of no tillage compared with the conventional cultivation and phosphorus fertilization (100, 200 and 300 kg ha^-1) P₂O₅ to the weeds grown in the sunflower field variety Aqmar, a field trial was conducted at the experimental farm (alternative site of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad) Abu- Ghraib during the spring and fall seasons of 2015. the experiment was carried –out by using R.C.B.D. with in split-split arrangement. The results revealed that un ploughed and un weedy treatments had the lowest means of the dry weight and seeds yield. The results, also revealed a significant increase in the weed density, weed dry weight, seeds yield and its componen

This study deals with the subject of measuring the impact of variation of wheat planted area categories in the region rain-fed on the technical efficiency and the rate of change in( TFP_ch),The basic preliminary data was obtained from field resources by relying on a stratified random sample of wheat farmers in Sulaimaniyah region including 225 farms  production during 2013-2014 season , It has been measurement of technical and Scale  efficiency in light of change and stability of the total revenue according to the production function variables using (Area ,the amount of seeds ,compound fertilizer, urea fertilizer , pesticides , machinery work

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation different levels of dried dill powder with diet on some physiological characteristics of  broiler chickens. 336 chicks, day-old 46 gm weight /chick. Birds were randomly distributed into four treatment groups with three replicates per treatment (28 bird/replicate).Treatments were as follow:T1: control group (without any addition) T2, T3 and T4 adding dried dill powder at levels  0.4 ,0.6, 0.8% respectively. Experiment lasted five weeks, which at the end measurements of protein, glucose, albumin, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in blood serum wer

This experiment was conducted from 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018 to study the mineralogical properties of oak forest at 12 locations (Gara, Matin and Brifca) from Dohuk governorate, (Bilah, Malakan and Awagrd) from Hawler Governorate, (Bardanga, Badawan and Chwarta) from Sulaimani Governorate, and (Bakhakon, Hawar and Sartak) from Halabja governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan region. The samples collected from a depth of (0 – 60) cm for laboratory analysis. The study includes qualitative identification of clay minerals by X- ray diffraction data. Peak height was used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because the measuring was s

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the period 2010-2019. That was to evaluate bread wheat seeds stored in spikes in their field emergence and seedling vigour. Seeds, of stored spikes were compared with naked seeds, treated with cruise and untreated. All three treatments of seeds were grown in the laboratory and traits of days to last day of emergence, days to emerge, % of emergence, and other trails were recorded. Seeds of stored with thein spikes gave better values in days to last day of emergence, days of emergence, percent of emergence, length of plumule, seedlin