The present study was designed to investigate the possibility of using Lactobacillus as a skin probiotic. For this purpose, 63 isolates of Lactobacillus sp. were collected from dairy products and human mouth samples. The isolates were screened for bacteriocin production by primary and secondary screening against three common skin pathogens. The results showed that the isolate Lactobacillus HT1give the highest productivity of bacteriocin (320AU/ml), the efficient isolate was identified through molecular detection using 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In addition, result showed that L. acidophilus HT1 was un encapsulated

 Technique of tissue culture for Chia (Salvia hispanica) micropropagation was achieved, this study investigated the impact of various concentrations of plant growth regulators on shoot multiplication and root induction with the Chia’s mature seed as a source explant. The highest percentage of shoot formation (80%), shoots number per explant(3.20) and shoot length(3.26 cm), were recorded on MS medium enriched with BAP(1.0 mgl^-1) after eight weeks of seed culture. The optimal medium for the rhizogenesis was achieved on half strength MS medium fortified with 1.0 mgl^-1 IBA after

تم التقصي عن الاصابة بالاكياس المائية في رئات واكباد الاغنام وعلاقتها بالكليبسيلا الرئوية, العينات جمعت من حيوانات مريضة وصحيحة في مجازرمختلفة لمدن العراق, كل عينة كانت تحتوي آفات تكيسية قسمت الى ثلاث اجزاء, الجزأ الاول  ارسل الى مختبرالمايكروبولوجي, الجزأ الثاني ارسل الى مختبرالطفيليات, الجزأ الثالث ارسل الى مختبرالهستوباثولوجي. عدد100من عينات الرئات والاكباد شخصت عيانيا, وكذلك تم تشخيص العينات في

This research was aimed to construct an integrative system which is capable of accurate determining and analyzing evapotranspiration rates in Iraq for long period , Since high evapotranspiration rates and extreme shortage in precipitation are the main causes of aridity, which considered principal reason for land degradation and land desertification eventually. FAO Penman-Monteith method was adopted because it's the international standard method. In this work meteorological readings of nine stations with comprehensive covering for Iraq's area were taken for every ten years in a long-term range (31 years). The daily evapotranspiration values had been calculated, then after the annual summation value determined for the years (1987,

The Prangos platychlaena Boiss belonged to the family of Apiaceae is a native medicinal plant of Kurdistan-Iraq. The stem, leaves and flowers of the plant were collected in the mountain of Halgurd of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and  hydrodistilated to obtain the volatile compounds, using both Gas Chromatography ( GC ) and Gas chromatography/ Mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The  results showed that the P. platychlaena Boiss essential oils containing  several compounds such as Sylvestrene, α-Pinene oxide, (Z)-Epoxy-ocimene, Borneol, epi-Longipinanol, Germacrene D-4-ol, epi-α-Cadinol, 3-Thujanol acetate and Acorenone with different amount which were not found in any other Prangos species, and all show

This study was conducted at the poultry farm  -Animal Production Department/ College  of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad, for the period from 2018/8/17 to 2018/9/28, in order to study the effect of adding inorganic and organic selenium to the broiler diets reared at high temperatures in the physiological performance.  A 420 un-sexed chicks of breed (Ross 308) were used in the experiment as a one-day old and with weight rate of 36.4g. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally on 7 treatments, each one included 3 replicates at 20 chicks/replicate. The experiment included the following treatments : T1,T2, and T3 as organic selenium treatments which are selenomethionin with a concentrati

This study was aimed to investigate the immune response of the vaccinated chickens through avian influenza virus antibody (AIV-Ab) titers as well as evaluate liver function. The study measure of immunological parameters, namely the hemaglutinine inhibition test (HI) and a biochemical parameter called the liver function test, as well as a comparison between the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) recombinant (rH5N1) vaccine and the classical (cH5N8) vaccine. The study was designed as follows: {G1: given rH5N1 vaccine only; G2: given cH5N8 only; G3: given rH5N1 with Cr III supplement; G4: given cH5N8 with Cr III supplement; G5: given Cr III supplement; G6: negative control with no vaccination or supplementation}. The titer of

The study aimed to reveal the effect of some sustainable treatments under prolonged irrigation intervals on potato plant growth, yield, and starch properties .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irr

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of surface sprinkler and drip irrigation systems using a model AquaCrop, irrigation intervals, bio-organic fertilizers and polymers in desert soils. Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 at Karbala governorate. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experiment was desi

This study was conducted at Abi – Jarash farm, Damascus, Syria, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of three different cultivation techniques of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which were soilless cultivation, within the nutrient film technique (NFT), and the technique of cultivation in substrates (mixture of peat moss- perlite), in addition to cultivation in soil. An increasing in the vegetative growth measurements was recorded with​​ cultivation  saffron in the soil, compared to the cultivation without soil, within the nutrient film technology (hydroponics) ,and the technology of cultivation in the substrates (peat moss

This study evaluated the effect of sex on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood metabolite parameters of Awassi lambs. Twenty-seven Awassi lambs were allocated into two sex groups: males (n=13) and females (n=14). Lambs were individually penned and fed according to the nutritional needs of small ruminants. The experimental period of the study continued for 63 days, preceded by seven days for dietary and pen adaptation. On day 56 of the experimental period, five lambs of each sex group were randomly chosen and distributed in metabolism chambers to examine the digestibility and nitrogen balance. After 70 days of the trial, all lambs were butchered to determine their carcasses and meat quality. The ave

This study explored the capability of treating real dairy wastewater using the microbial electrochemical system by using Lactobacillus plantarum   species as a microorganism. The samples were collected from a local factory for dairy products in Baghdad. Three main parameters were investigated with different levels, for estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) removal efficiency. The studied parameters were detention time, the potential difference between electrodes and initial concentration of COD. The respective optimum values for these parameters were 17 days, 400 mV and 17000 mg COD/L respectively. At the optimum values, the optimum COD removal efficiency was 99.4%. Meanwhile,

This research was to study the effect of adding glycerol at different levels (T1 = control treatment without glycerol, T2 = 75 ml and T3 = 150 ml glycerol) in the body weight, body measurements and some blood characteristics of Holstein calves from 60 to 120 days of calves age. Body weight increased  (P≤0.05) in T3 calves at 80 and 100 days of age, also body weight increased in T2 and T3 calves at 120 days of age. T2 calves were significantly superior (P≤0.01) in average total gains from 60 to 120 days of age. Significantly increased (P≤0.05) at the ages of 100 and 120 days of: Wither height in T3 calves, Body length in T2 calves and Heart girth in T2 and T3 calves.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can tolerate heavy metals, provide the basis for microbial inoculums showing heavy metals tolerance properties. This study was aimed to detect the heavy metal resistance genes in plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas spp. isolated from many agricultural fields. The collected isolates were screened for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, hydrolytic enzymes, Siderophore, ammonia, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Then, subjected to concentrations of CuSO₄, CdCl₂, and ZnCl₂ to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The DNA was extracted from the sel

This study was aimed to investigate  the micro-morphological characteristics of pollens and seeds for five species of the Brassicaceae family in Iraq belonging to the genus Lepidium, and  species of Lepidium sativum L., L.ruderale L. , L.perfoliatum L., L.aucheri Boiss, and L.latifolium L. The characteristics of the pollen grains included the shape of the grain, the length of the equatorial and polar axis, the distance between the two grooves and the groove  length , as well as the grain surface configuration. The seeds spherical in shape, while the other species were elongated in shape. As for the seeds, they were studied by the Dissect microscope and

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nine treatments on tomato plants and their planting location within a randomized complete block design. The treatments included gene silencing of the PL enzyme (RNAi-SlPL) and application of organic pectin and calcium to extend the marketability of tomato fruits and improve their quality. The RNAi-SlPL treatment outperformed others, revealed the lowest weight loss (41.4%) and highest firmness (4.89 kg·cm⁻²) after 36 days of cold storage, along with strong performance after 21 days at room storage (41.31% weight loss, 4.29 kg·cm⁻²). This was followed by CaP1P2 treatment, with 43.7% weight loss and 4.48 kg·cm⁻² firmness after 24 days of cold storage, and 45.87% weight loss w

This study aimed to estimate variability and some genetic parameters for yield and yield components in pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes under different phosphorous levels. A field experiment was carried out at the field of Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Duhok University, on the 1^st of November 2021. the experiment unites layout according to split-plot arrangement, the main plots include phosphorus levels (0, 18, 36, and 54 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅ and the subplot represented the thirteen genotypes within RCBD. The results exhibited that phosphorus levels were highly significant for all traits except biological yield, also the genotyp

The present study was aimed to investigate the possible effects caused by the antibiotic, metronidazole, on the histology of the testis and the morphology of the sperms of mice. To achieve this,  adult male albino Swiss Mice were orally administrated with 0.1 ml (100 mg\ kg ) of the commercially used metronidazole (Flagyl) for 60 consecutive days. The results showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in the mean weight of body and testis in the treated mice as compared to the distilled water-treated control group. The treatment also caused several histopathological changes in the testis which included necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, edema, germ cell downfall  and rupture in the seminiferous tubules. The tests of the sp

The studies were conducted at the Aragatsotn region of the Republic of Armenia during the years 2021-2024. Four species of click beetles (family Elateridae) belonging to the order Coleoptera of the class Insecta were recorded. The most widespread species was the sowing click beetle (Agriotes sputator L.), making up 56%. The steppe click beetles (Agriotes gurgistanus Fald.) accounted for 25% of the total population. The striped (Agriotes lineatus L.) and dark (Agriotes obscurus L.) click beetles were relatively less common, constituting 14% and 5%, respectively. Based on the ana

This study was investigate to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship among three species of Rosa that are  R. canina L.,1735, R. damascene Mill. and R. centifolia L., cultivated in Iraq by using three primers of ITS, matK and trnL. With regard to the  nuclear ITS sequencing reaction results showed that the identified identities of the investigated samples were R. canina, R. damascena, and R. centifolia the presence of seven nucleic acid variants (g.392G>T, g.439G>A, g.442T>G, g.458C>T, g.477C>T, g.495T>C, and g.496C>T) of  R. canina sample, one nucleic acid variant (g.15A>C) in R. centifolia

A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib area –Baghdad, Iraq, to study the effect of applying some nutrients management practices and leaching requirements on some soil quality indicators and sorghum productivity under saline soil conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design )RCBD( with split split plot arrangement and three replicates. Treatments included 7 nutrients combinations :(Control” F₀”, NPK” F₁”, NPKS” F₂”, NPKS + micronutrients”F₃”, NPKS+ micronutrients+ Nano silicon” F₄”, NPKS+ micronutrients + Nano silicon + calcium and magnesium nitrate” F₅

This study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022, except May 2022, and aimed to evaluate and validate CO₂, CH₄, and O₃ GHGs in 13 different locations over Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq by means of remote sensing techniques from Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P)/ TROPOMI and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellites against ground-based measurements by using a  portable gases analyzer via three types of sensor heads, GSS  for the nominated gases of CO₂, CH_4, and O₃. The Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation methods were used to map the CO₂, CH₄, and O₃. The results of ground measurements showed high va

This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial  activity of  copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) created by  method of thermal green way using basically a maize starch. Mucoid were appeared of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial colonies and the positive results with some biochemical tests. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus  appeared pigmented colonies surrounded by a yellow halo because of mannitol fermentation.  According to the 24 time incubation period, the CuO NPs antimicrobial activity show

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of contaminated soil with lead and chromium using three species of trees Platanus orientalis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Populus nigra as a remediation tool which considers as a priority restoring method to keep healthy soil which support life system for all organisms. The experiment was conducted with three concentrations of Pb (200,400, and 600 mg.kg^-1) and three levels of Cr (100, 200, and 300 mg.kg^-1) along with control. The results reveals that root dry weight for orientale plane and poplar tree were reduced meanwhile, eucalyptus showed significant increase at 200 and 400 mg.kg^-1 of lead. Shoot dry weight of

This study aimed to investigate genetic variations of the IGF-2 gene and how these polymorphisms affect different biochemical markers was conducted in this study. Broiler chicks of 300 days of age were analyzed in this research (150 Cobb500 and 150 Hubbard F-15). Each bird's blood was used to get its unique DNA sequence. Multiple biochemical features were connected to IGF-2 genotypes found using PCR-RFLP. If you're looking for an easy way to raise your chickens' cholesterol levels, go no further than Cobb500 chickens with the "TT" genotype (p≤0.05). Hubbard F-15 broilers with the TT genotype exhibited substantially higher levels of LDL (p≤0.05) than those with the TC and CC genotypes. The LDL levels of Hubbard F-15 broilers w

The objective of this research was to observe the productivity in kacang goats which were given a complete feed containing flour of various types of banana plant weevils. The material studied in this study was six complete types of feed. Complete feed containing weevil flour from 5 banana plant varieties. Complete feed is prepared with a complete feed composition. The cattle used were 18 male bean goats, mean initial body weight, 15.42 ± 1.98 kg (CV: 13.73%) aged 10-15 months. Livestock is given complete feed containing banana weevil flour for 60 days. The cage is 12 m x 6m in size, construction has a floor platform as high as 140 cm, the enclosure is 1 x 1 m in size and 130 cm in height, equipped with a drinking area. The treat

This research was aimed to study and analyze the costs, revenues, and profits of meat chicken breeding projects. The study also estimating the random frontier profit function, the profit inefficiency function and profit efficiency which based on cross-sectional data that included 59 projects for raising meat poultry in Waist governorate in 2020.The results of the analysis showed through the descriptive analysis of the cost structure that, the costs of chicks and fodder account for more than 70% of the costs, as well as achieving economic profits for projects. Through the random border profit function, the significance of both the total revenue and the costs of chicks, fodder, medicines, vaccines, and services (water, electricity

This study was conducted to explain the effect of adding different resveratrol (Res) concentrations to soybean-lecithin extender on some post-cryopreserved (PC) semen characteristics of the Iraqi buffalo bulls for different preservation periods. Eight mature bulls were used, and polled semen was equally divided into four groups within one trial. Three Res concentrations (100, 150, and 200 μM) were added to the soybean-lecithin extender, and comparisons in the response were made with the control group (soybean-lecithin extender, Res-0). The differences among groups in sperm cell individual motility percentages at different preservation periods lacked significance. Greater (P≤0.01) sperm acrosome integrity percentage was noticed

The antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from Origanum compactum, Thymus capitatus, Foeniculum vulgare, and Rosmarinus officinalis was assessed with the well diffusion method and a microbroth dilution assay against E. coli isolated from the carcasses of rabbits. The chemical composition of these essential oils was also determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of this study indicate that essential oils with high phenol content exert a strong antibacterial activity against E. coli. Essential oils of Origanum compactum and Thymus capitatus containing high amounts of the monoterpenoid phenols thymol and car

This research was designed to know the effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on Serum E, P, FSH, and LH  during different estrus periods and pregnancy in Karadi and Arabi ewes. The study was carried out by using 30 ewes for each breed at 2-4 years. Ewes from each breed were equally and randomly distributed into three groups. The first group was treated with vaginal sponges saturated with (60 mg) of Medroxy progesterone acetate within a period of (14) fourteen days (T1). The second group was administrated with the MAP injected with a dose of 300 IU / head of the hCG (T2). The third group was treated with MAP treatment, and injected at a dose of 75 µg /head of GnRH (T3). The results of this analysis showed a si