This study was carried out to assess impacts of industrial activities on environmental quality in Bazian cement factory, Sulaimani. Environmental impact of factory was carried out from September 2015 to August 2016  at studied area located at north west of city with coordinates of 35º36'242"- 045º04'470".Pollutant particles can have as consequence reduction of biodiversity and quality of water, soil and whole ecosystems. Especially, cement dust can be emitted at every stage of cement production which affects on photosynthetic process, leaf stomata, discoloration, enzymatic malfunction, growth reduction and productivity of plants. In this study, water, soil, air and three plants (Platycladus orientalis<

This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and biological (epiphytic algae) properties of Diyala river. Eighteen environmental parameters were selected in addition to the qualitative study of epiphytic algae (total number of algae and chlorophyll a). Two macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Certatophyllum demersum) were selected for the benthic study. The results showed that the river was alkaline, very hard, brackish water and good aerated. The trophic level is ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic according to the results of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a.  The study revealed that the upper part of the river differed in its properties from the middle and the lower par

A total of seventy adult common frogs [sixty infected (85.71%) and ten healthy (14.29%) specimens], were collected from different areas of Baghdad city in more than one locations such as (agriculture lands, river banks, home gardens, ponds, streams and shoel water) from the beginning of September 2016 to the end of  March 2017 and examined for parasites, in the aim to study and isolate any parasitic infection from intestine, blood and  effect of these parasites on blood, intestine and liver in common frogs. Thus resulting in Opalina sp. 17(28.33%), Nematodes (Strongloides stercoralis) 14(23.33%), Balantidium sp. 14(23.33%), (Opalina Sp. & Nematodes) 7(11.66%) and Hepatozoon

Three hundred samples of stools were collected from children who are suffering from diarrhea. Twelve of them (4%) were positive for Aeromonas spp. test, the ability of Aeromonas isolates to produce chitinase enzyme was tested on medium supplemented with colloidal chitin. Chitinase enzyme was extracted, the crude extract activity and specific activity was 13 U/ml and 7.3 U/mg respectively. The enzyme was purified by precipitating with ammonium sulfate 70% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE- cellulose column and gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-200 column. The specific activity reached 154.5 U/mg with 21.16 purification fol

Ecosystem fire can variably affect soil nitrogen availability, which is a determinant factor for soil fertility and environmental issues. This research was conducted to study changes in soil nitrogen forms in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forest ecosystem, located in the south of France bordering Montpellier city, subjected to a prescribed fire of low intensity on 30 March 2011. Soil ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrates (NO₃^--N), and total nitrogen contents were measured

The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition and functional properties of flour and protein isolate from mung bean by isoelectric precipitation. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate were 5.88%,  24.52%, 1.24%, 3.33%, 5.22% and 59.81%  for flour and 2.48%, 83.70%, 0.24%, 2.48%, 0.52% and 10.58%  for  isolated protein  respectively. The results of functional properties revealed an increase in solubility rates by increasing the pH values of both flour and isolated protein, the mung bean flour showed higher solubility than protein isolate. The foam capacity of flour was higher than that of protein isolate, however foam stability for protein isolate reached 23.53%,&

The solar dryer is designed and manufactured to dry some medical plants at the  Research Center for Energy and Environment of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals. this experiment was included two factors, where three levels speeds for the fan were selected (0.101, 0.065, 0.056 m3/s)  which represented the main factor  and  three kind of medical plants ,( mint, pepper and ginger).factorial experiment within  Complete Randomized Design with three replications  was used to study the effect of the dried substance type ,air flow rate and their overlap with  studied parameters. The results indicated that when the air flow rate increased, daily theoretical efficiency increased by 6.74%. and the theoretical a

This study was carried out at the experimental farm College of Agriculture; Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during from end of march 2014 to mid of August 2015. The main objective was to find out the effect of zinc concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) mg.L^-1 on seed yield and its components of four alfalfa varieties (Local, Hamaddan, Vernal and Lodi). Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D arranged within split –plots with three replications. Zinc concentration were used as main plot, while varieties were used as sub-plot. Results, showed that foliar application of zinc at concentration more than 30 mg.L^-1 (60 and 90 mg.L^-1) resulted in a significant increment in the No. of ovules floret^-1, No. o

The objective of this study was to know the effect of screening for the No. of fertile tillers m^-2 is effective on yield in next generations. The research was conducted at field of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during two winter seasons, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Fifteen entries of wheat were introduced from CIMMYT with local variety (Abugraib3) were screened under three phosphorous rates (0, 75 and 150 kg ha^-1). Superior entries in No. of fertile tillers m^-2 were selected in addition to entries that gave the lowest means in this trait. In both experiments, randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plots arrangement with three replicates was used where phosphate rates in 1

A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture , to investigate effect of moisture deletion for some traits of selected wheat genotypes , during 2014-2015, which depend to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014) . The 9^th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four moisture depletion (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots .The results revealed significant differences among depletion, genotypes and their interaction of all studied traits. Moisture depletion 20% , showed the

This study was to examine the histological changes in liver and kidney in tramadol -induced rabbits . This study was conducted on 10 adult male rabbits. Rabbits. were divided evenly into two groups: control group, received 1 ml normal saline 0.9%  Treated group received 0.3 ml of tramadol subcutaneously for 30 days. Results:  The histological analysis of the liver showed that the thickening wall  with minimal fibrosis in the periportal  area infiltration of inflammatory cells in necrotic change of the hepatocytes massive vacuolation of the hepatocyte, kupffer cell were present intensity in the sinusoid. The histopathological examination of kidney revealed lymphocyte infiltration , congestion ,glomeru

 Deltamethrin insecticide was highly toxic to mammals and had long-term residual effects and easily causing environmental pollution. The dependence concentration of deltamethrin (25 ppm) was used to treat  unripe mandarin orange fruits through a field experiment. A daily and weekly fruit samples, up to 35 days, were examined for deltamethrin residues. The concentrations  of  deltamethrin  which immigrated via peel into flesh of mandarin orange were 3.4, 3.9, 4.5 and 5.2 ppm after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days respectively. The levels of deltamethrin residues were decreased (due to many degradation reasons) from the maximum amount (after 4 days) to undetectable amount after 35 days. The field experiment showed that t

The objective of this study to estimate  the Radiation Use Efficiency  under effect of three levels of nitrogen (N₁ = 80 Kg N ha^-1,  N₂ =120 Kg  N ha^-1, and   N₃=160 Kg N ha^-1) for a set of maize hybrids include (Gloria, Market, Cruze and Draxma) in two different seasons in spring and fall  of 2017 in Qlyasn-Sulaimani. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates . The results revealed higher intensity of PAR in autumn season than that of spring (15.672 and 10.555)MJm^-2d^-1  respectively that led to higher RUE in autumn revealing (4.311,3.546

Evaluation of drought patterns in Iraq and determining the most susceptible areas of this phenomenon were analyzed, using the remotely-sensed Drought Severity Index (DSI) through analysis the daily and annual DSI for three zones over Iraq, also have been analyzed DSI time series using run theory to evaluate the characteristics of drought in Iraq. The efficiency of DSI for drought monitoring was examined from compared with Percentage of Precipitation Anomaly (PPA) for three zones (Arid and Semi-Arid, Steppes and Desert), and compared with drought indicators (Evapotranspiration (ET), Potential evapotranspiration (PET) and total annual precipitation (PRE)) for the period 2000-2011, were derived from the Numerical Terradynamic Simula

In this study a mathematical models were developed to simulate draft force for three types of plows (moldboard, chisel and disk plow). The study was carried out in the experimental field of Agricultural Machinery Department at University of Basrah, which had silty clay soil texture. Independent parameters included three levels of tillage depth (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25m), three forward speeds (0.54, 0.83 and 1.53 m/s) and two levels of cone index (550 and 980 kPa). Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilized to produce models and to analyze results. Acquired results were used to extract accurate model for draft force. The draft force increased by 114% when tillage dept

This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura  was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated  in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves

Acetamiprid is one of the most wide used insecticides over the entire world. Three acetamiprid concentrations, the dependence one (200 ppm) and two other high concentrations (300 and 400 ppm) were used to treated tomato fruits at the final stage of ripening. A daily samples up to 15 days, were examined for their acetamiprid residues. The maximum migration of acetamiprid (systemic) into tomato fruit was observed after three days (1.7, 1.89 and 2.27ppm) of spraying by 200, 300, and 400 ppm. After 7 days of application, the acetamiprid residues are more than five-fold of the Maximum Residue Limit (acetamiprid MRL=0.2 mg/kg). Four groups of male mice (each of 10, control and three treatments) were used to study the effects of acetami

A field experiment was conducted during autumn season 2017 at Al-Saqlawia, far about 50km north-west of Baghdad/Iraq, aimed to a periodic evaluation for drip irrigation system to obtain best values of the suggested standards. The experiment included two factors; first, emitters' discharge (d) at two levels using emitters with 4Lh^-1 design discharge (d₄) and emitters with 8Lh^-1 design discharge (d₈). While the second factor; operational pressure at three levels, first level, operational pressure 0.5 bar(P₁), second, operational pressure 0.7 bar(P₂), and the last, operational pressure 1.0 bar (P₃), the experiment was designed according to randomized comple

The aim of this research is studying the affecting factors in net farm income via using panel data models .To achieving requirements of the study we collected the data randomly from 41 farmers in al-maden district – province of Baghdad.To all production activities in farm in 2015 and 2016. We used eviews 6 program and GLS method, we used OLS to estimate three models were net agricultural income was dependent variable and each of the area, costs, value of animal production and value of assets were independent variables, according to LM test and hausman test, the random effects model was the best of the estimating models which confirm that increasing the assets, area and cost by 1% will increase net agricultural income by (0.049,

Wheat is one of the most important cereals, occupying a discrete economic position worldwide as a main source for human nutrition due to its content of essential nutrients. Therefore, wheat has a strategic trait in international economic relationships, and most developing countries, including Iraq, are seeking for achieving self-sufficiency from this crop. This study aimed to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as economic, price, cost, and technical efficiencies beside the other economic indices at actual, optimal and profit-maximizing production of wheat. A random sample of 45 wheat farms in Nejaf province was selected during the agricultural season 2016. From efficiency scales of profit function, it was shown that t

This research was carried out on 51 local raised in three local cow herds in Erbil plain, for the period from 2016 to 2017.  To estimate the most probable producing ability (MPPA) of cows and to study the effect of non-genetic factors affecting on daily milk production (DMP) and to estimate the repeatability for (DMP). The most probable producing ability (MPPA) of local cows was calculated by using the test day records and then the animals were ranked based on their MPPA values. Cow number 1237 inquired the highest value of MPPA (16.91 kg) for DMP among all tested cows in the three flocks. The overall mean for the (DMP) was 11.85 kg. The results of current study revealed tha

This study was conducted to detect the contamination in the local and imported table eggs, and the comparison between them of contamination.  Samples were collected from local markets   taking 60 samples of both types (30 local eggs and 30 imported eggs) these samples were sent to a laboratory of microbiology / College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Baghdad .then taking swabs from the   different of eggs shells samples for both types (local and imported eggs) then bot swabs in nutrient broth to be grown bacteria in the nutrient broth). (After that samples were taken from the nutrient broth) and then cultured in the (nutrient agar, macconky agar). The results showed the presence of

This experiment was carried out during two seasons; the first season 2016 included the planting of cucumber seeds from different global origins, which symbolized P1 and P2-P10 in a plastic house with (506 m²) area, at Yusufiya – Baghdad to produce hybrids. During Spring season 2017 the genotypes seeds  were planted (10 parents and 27 single cross hybrids with codes F1 and F2-F27 and three common commercial control hybrids with codes C1, C2 and C3) according RCBD design with three replicates, The genotype P5 was superior in the branches number per plant (9.67) and  number of leaves per plant (220.33) as well as in total yield of experimental unit 18.03 kg, The hybrid F17 (P5×P9) took lowest number of days n

This experiment was carried out in a private palm farm located in Great Musayib enacted / Babylon province on Barhi dates palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivar to determine the effect of spraying of chitosan and soil additives for both organic fertilizers and amino acids and seaweed extract in some leaves mineral content  (nitrogen,  phosphor, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc)  by spraying the chitosan at concentrations of 5 ml. l^-1  and 10 ml.L ^-1 and the addition of both organic fertilizer and amino acids and seaweed extract at concentrations (1, 2) kg.tree ^-1 and (3 , 6) ml . L ^{- 1} and (4, 8) ml l ^-1 respectively. Each treatment replica

The  objective  of this study was manufacturing and testing  a vibration motorized date palm fronds cutter equipment  used to pruning date palm tree, this equipment is man back handling and easily used for cut date fronts base. Gasoline two stroke engine which handle on worker's  back  was used  to provide  a vibration movement for sharp blade to cut the fronds,  machine   consists of many parts includes engine, flexible shaft, fixed shaft, gear case and knife. Three knives cutting angle were used in this research. Frond cutting time ,one palm tree pruning (three rows of fronds)  vibration of cutting level ,noising level and productivity were measured in this study 

A field study was performed in the Agricultural Machines and Equipment Department, Agriculture College, Basrah University, to study the effect of the operating pressure and nozzle height on droplet properties reaching to the target using knapsack sprayer with a maximum capacity of 16l. A nozzle is mounted on the rod of sprayer. Three different operating pressures were tested in this study of 1, 1.7, 2 bar and three different nozzle heights of 50, 70, 90cm. Brilliant Sulpho-Flavinedye was used to measure mean droplet sizes, droplet densities, droplets number, and relative span factor deposited on white card papers. The spray properties were determined after spraying in field and then were analyzed using Image J software. The main

Twenty fungal isolates have been isolated  from different sources, soils( Some of them were contaminated with mineral oils)  wheat, rice bran and rotting sesame seeds. Five isolates contained several  highly lipidic particles. The highest lipid amount (5.95 g/L) was obtained from Mucor sp. that isolated from soil which was contaminated with mineral oils and the oil yield was 50% of biomass. The results indicated that all carbon resources gave more than 20% lipid. The best carbon source for lipid production was Glucose and then Xylose which gave 50% and 46% oil respectively. The best sources of nitrogen were yeast extract and  NH₄Cl which we

The aim of this research was to study the effect of adding green tea extract (GTE) on the mechanical, oxygen permeability, water vapor permeability and antioxidant properties of whey protein isolate edible films. Edible films incorporated with the alcoholic extract of green tea showed high antioxidant activity as compared with the standard antioxidant BHA (Butylated hydroxyl anisole), The scavenging values of the film with GTE and the control film were 65.22% and 9.5%, respectively. The mechanical tests, revealed a decreasing in thickness in the control film which was formed without GTE from 181 μm to 169 μm. The tensile strength has been reduced in the film to 7.87 MPa where it was in the control sample 8

A  field experiment was conducted using split – split block design to study the effect of irrigation water quality ,organic composts ,kinetin and Bio- health application on N.P.K contents and anti-oxidant enzymes activity  in lettuce, The experiment included three factors ,quality of irrigation water (W) at two levels (1.2, 6.1 dS m-1 ), kind of organic composts Plam fronds and Rice wastes(20)  ton /hectare , kinetin application (50 mg.L-1)  and bio-health fertilizers (5 kg/ hectare). The results indicated that elevation of water salinity levels led to elevation in activity of  Peroxidase POX , Catalase CAT, Malondialdehyde MDA, Superoxide dismutase SOD enzymes and prol

The slow-release NPK double-coated granules obtained was evaluated in term of chemical interaction, surface morphology, and release rate of phosphate by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the FTIR spectrum of granules showed that no chemical interaction was observed between NPK granules and coating polymers during the coa