To determine the influence of selection on castor bean (Ricinus communis cv. Hindi 21) grown on a saline sodic soil, two experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012. The first experiment was applied on the Farm of College of Agric./Univ. of Baghdad. It involved planting castor bean in three methods in saline-sodic soil. The second experiment was applied by planting the original cultivar and the new select. Three levels of irrigation water salinity were used; 1.5, 6, and 12 dS.m¹. However, plants of higher salinity did not grow normal, so they were discarded. The results revealed that the new select outyielded the original when it gave 174.3 g plant seed yield. This select char

This experiment carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during seasons, spring and autumn 2015. Used in agriculture seeds of hybrid primal, one of the short Cultivars. the aim of the experiment study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient in the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was designed as an experiment factorial 3 * 4 and three blocks according to the experimental design RCBD includes every block 12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml. L^-1water, 2g Fe.L^-1 water and Fe + Zn) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha^-1, after melted

A field experiment was conducted at Unifert Research Station Yousfiah Center of Iraq during spring of 2015 by grafting five cucumber hybrids named Mayadine, Ghazeer, Najim, Emparator and Beit Alpha on the rootstock ES101 (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata) used the hole Insertion technique. The experiment content 10 treatments which were the grafted and ungrafted hybrids using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that grafted Emparator (C4G) gave asignificans increase in the number of leaves (124.20 leaf.plant^-1), leaf area (1.85 m²), chlorophyll leaf content (603.0 mg.100 g^-1), plant dry weight (191.7

A field experiment was carried out at the field of Horticulture Dept. Fild – Coll. Agric, Baghdad University, to study the effect of wheat peat  and spraying its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on growth and yield of the red cabbage (Raissa Hybrid). during winter season of 2015-2016. factorial experiment using randomized complete block design with three replicaes, The first fatcor includes five levels of organic fertilizer, no-fertilizer (P0), recommended chemical fertilizer (100 N,120 P205 and 120 K2O  kg . h ^-1(  (P1), organic fertilizer 7.5 tan.h

An experiment was carried out on the Cactus (Aloe vera L.) , which two year old was planted in one of the fields of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The different organic fertilizers used in two (sewage, poultry manure and sheep manure) and the fertilizer used at two levels (5 and 7.5)% from the weight of the pot, and humic acid (Com Sol) at two levels (1.5 and 3) ml and chemical fertilizer NPK (2.5 gm) in addition to control treatment. The experiment carried out within RCBD at three replicates and four plants for each experimental unit. The results showed that the sewage treatment 7.5% significantly increased in concentration of Aloin, Aloe-emodin and Barbolin (175.6, 412.1 and 175.6 µg.

A field experiment was conducted at the Field Crops Research Station of State Board of Agricultural Research at Abu Ghraib in spring 2015. Seven inbred lines of maize (IK8, ZP, W13R, H.S, IK58, ABS 5, ZP607) were used in this study, using Line x Tester analysis, to produced twenty F1 crosses. The parents and crosses were grown in fall season of 2015 using RCBD with three replicates to determine heterosis and general, specific combining ability effects and gene action. Significant differences were found among parental lines and their crosses for all the traits. The result were showed that the cross (IK8×  IK58) gave the highest hybrid vigor in grain yield (42.46%) and produced highest grain yield 214.7 gm.plant^-1.

Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at  Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate /  Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during  at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety (AL- Noor) with exotic

 Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at  Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate /  Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during  at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of field Crop Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad, during the winter season 2012– 2013 to investigate the effect of tillers removing on some growth traits under two nitrogen levels for two wheat varieties This experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design with in  split– split plot arrangement with three replicats. IPA 99 and Abu– Ghraib 3 were assigned in main plots, nitrogen levels (100,200) kg.ha^-1 occupied sub- plot, while tillers reamoving treatment (reamove the main stem, first tiller, second tiller, and third tiller) occupied the sub

This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/ Diyala University/ Department of Animal production to determine the effect of replacing soybean meal with black soldier fly Hermetia illucens larvae meal on the growth performance and some biochemical blood parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. One hundred and five fish with an average initial weight of 27.46±0.14 g was used in this experiment. They were randomly distributed into five treatments (3 replicate/treatment, 7 fish/ replicate). The first treatments (T1 control group) was fed with standard diet without black soldier fly larvae meal (0% BSFLM), black soldier fly larvae meal were substituted for soybean meal in other experimental groups at 25%, 50%,

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding levels (0%, 25%, and 50%) of alfalfa pellet ration (APR) (47% alfalfa) on the main carcass cuts Physico-chemical traits of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). A total of 270 one-day-old ducklings were used. The birds at seven-day-old were assigned to 9 indoor pens of (1×2.2m) with outdoor and swimming pool (1×9.8m). Each pen represented an indoor replicate with 30 ducklings. The feeding program for Pekin Duck group treatments with (APR) (47% alfalfa) was used as a replacement to the basal diet at different percentages (0%, 25%

In 2021-2022, studies on the biological lifestyle of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were carried out in the pepper fields of Khoronk community, Armavir marz, Republic of Armenia. As a results show that the flight of the adults of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) starts from the third ten days of May to the third ten days of June. Females lay eggs in piles on the upper and lower surfaces of pepper leaves. She lays 87-173 eggs in each pile. The newly hatched larvae feed on the leaves, causing them to ossify, while the mature larvae feed on the fruit, entering the fruit and feeding on the seeds. After finishing feeding, they descend into the ground and mate at a depth of 2-6 cm. Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

The aim of this research is to determine the optimal conditions for extracting phenols and flavonoids from the bran of Iraqi proso millet and Ukrainian foxtail millet, whole and defatted, and  studying some of their biological characteristics. Petroleum ether, methyl alcohol (60% and 80%), distilled water, and ethyl alcohol at concentrations of 60, 80, 90, and 99% were used as extraction solutions. The flavonoid content was estimated using the Rutin standard curve, and the phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocateau method based on the gallic acid standard curve. The results showed that the concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in proso millet bran extracts were (770.56, 865.38, 1059.94, 883.16, 72

A total of 58 Leuciscus vorax samples were collected from the Main Outfall Drain, inside the borders of the central Iraqi province of Al-Qadisiyah, throughout the extended period from the beginning of January to the end of December 2022. Several traditional fishing methods were adopted. The results indicated that the males ratio were 44.83% (26 individuals) of the total number, while the females were 55.17% (32 individuals), with the total gender ratio that was 1:1.23. Results indicated that the highest food activity was observed from August to November. The lowest was in February and December, at a level of 75. It was noted that the highest level of feed density was in October (14.71) and the lowest was in December (11)

The field experiment was carried out during 2021-2022 in the Lower Al-Jazeera region at Anbar - Iraq.  The study aimed to find the effect of conservation tillage and coverage practice on water use and consumption of crops in gypsum desert soil in two seasons using two cover crops (Barley and Mung bean). The experiment was carried out on abandoned land, so the covering (straw) was added when planting barley, and then the barley residual was kept when planting Mung bean. Non-inversion tillage was used by the digger plow. Randomly four treatments, tillage covering T.C, tillage no-covering T.NC, no-tillage covering NT.C, and no-tillage no-covering NT.NC was distributed on 12 experimental units by using RCBD design. Irrigation un

The study aimed to identify the reasons behind farmers’ reluctance to using protected cultivation in Baghdad province / Al-Karkh and ways to address them. The study community included vegetable farmers who stopped using protected cultivation, distributed among the agricultural divisions affiliated with the Baghdad / Al-Karkh Agriculture Department during 2023. A stratified random sample belonging  was chosen namely112farmers. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of 21 items divided into two areas of  reasons and 12 suggestions of  treatments. To measure these reasons and treatments, a four-level scale was developed, consisting of four levels according to the importance (strongl

This study was performed to determine whether active optical sensors could develop an algorithm for N recommendation for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was conducted in Maine State, (USA) during the growing season of 2018-2019. Six N rates (0-280 kg ha^-1) were applied on eleven locations under a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. Data of normalized difference vegetation index-(NDVI) were collected via active sensors, GreenSeeker-(GS), and Crop Circle-(CC). Sensors measurements collected at the 20^th of the leaf stage were significantly associated with tuber yield, where the exponential model exhibited a b

In present study, we assessed the role of kaolin [(Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), an inert clay], for treatment of  common carp, Cyprinus carpio experimentally infected with  Pesudomonas aeruginosa. Fish were experimentally challenged with P. aeruginosa (LD₅₀₌ 2±0.2×10⁹ CFU/ml), in untreated water or water treated with addition of kaolin at levels of 4, 6 and 8g/l (G1, G2 and G3 respectively). Over the 5‐day course of kaolin treatment led to significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved of survival (100%) in treated groups (G2 and G3) as compared to untreated fish (infecte

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of drinking ionized water on histological changes, bacteria count, and some hematological parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 200-42-day-old female Japanese quails were divided into five treatments four replicates each treatment (40 birds/replicate). The birds of each treatment were divided into four replicates. The pH level of drinking water of the first treatment was 7, whereas the pH levels of drinking water of other treatments were 8, 9, 6, and 5 respectively. The results showed that villi height, crypt depth, an

The study aimed to find association between GH, IGF-I and PRL loci with body weight traits in local quail. Three hundred of three lines of local quail were used in the study. The molecular results showed polymorphism for all loci. The five, four and five alleles for GH, IGF-I and PRL locus, respectively were recorded. The allele D of GH, allele A of IGF-I and allele E of PRL locus have positive effect on growth and carcass traits in local quail lines. Based on the results, the CDCDCE genotype of all loci in desert quail significantly gives highest average daily gain (4.75g/ bird/day) and live body weight (208.18 g / bird /day) at marketing age. While the BDBCBE genotype in brown quail gives highest carcass weight (143.55g/bird) a

 The study was aimed to design the  landscape on the sides of Baghdad-Babel road and landscaping the aspects of this section of the road length of 1 km, which represents the main entrance of the province of Babel, which is the municipality of Alexandria to achieve the strategy of beautiful roads through the appropriate selection of types of vegetation and emphasis on local species and adapted to environment and soil, which is one of the main factors in the conservation of vegetation on the sides of the roads, as well as the preparation of a design proposal for a rest area on the right side of the section of the road under study to an area of ​​270,14.108 m² is not intended for any future use, its cur

 This research aims to study the morphological anatomical characteristics and geographical distribution of the species Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) belong to Brassicaceae family in Iraq. The results were revealed the morphological characteristics of the root, stem, leaves, fruits and seeds, abaxial surface of the leaf characterized by covered with simple hairs. The fruits were circular in shape with wide wing and have one seed. The seeds were conical shape and pustular surface configuration. The anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, and leaf were studied and the cross-section of the root was characterized by thick periderm layer and cortex layer consisting primarily of parenchyma cells, st

 This study was aimed to displayed effect of this nanoparticles on pregnant mother and embryos. All females administration of AgNPs suspension orally during the gestational period (for 21day) in two doses low 2mg and high dose 20 mg /Kg body weight and the control group received D.W only. The pregnant females (60 females) include the control group and the treated group  was subdivided in to two groups, pre and post implantation and all the mothers weighted along the study. The embryos and their brains after retrieved weighted and the crow-rump length (CRL) measurement also. The results showed that the active form of Ag can be transport the placental barrier and blood brain barrier (BBB). This nanoparticles showed advers

This study was aimed to investigate straw stiffness in land races of two- row barley (hordeum vulgarel.). Straw from four landrace populations of barley grown in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was measured and tested for bending stiffness, showing considerable variation in diameter and in longitudinal bending modulus. In the lower range of diameter, the straw from these landrace populations was highly flexible and was able to lodge without fracture, by curving elastically without fracture or buckling until the head reached the ground. The landrace populations studied contained substantial variation in internode diameter and in the stiffness of the wall material. Selection for internode diameter appeared to have potential f

This research was aimed at conducting a financial evaluation of sheep feeding systems in Al-Ahsa in KSA to identify the feasibility of investing in these projects. By field study, identified two systems for fattening the first system of fattening for 4 months, 3 cycles a year, and the second system of fattening for 6 months, two cycles a year. Secondary data collected by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, the annual statistical book, a random sample of sheep breeders in Al-Ahsa governorate. The criteria for financial evaluation of projects are used. The results showed that the system of fattening for 4 months better than the other system, where the internal rate of return (IRR) f

The agricultural sector is one of the important economic sectors which contribute to provide the food and raw materials that use into many industrial goods and create jobs. Moreover, it helps to reduce the imports of agricultural products and activate of growing the other manufacturing sectors. Even though, the agricultural is very important sector, but still weak and unworthy because the agriculture produce line is not flexible to aggregate demand; however, it needs to expansion in agricultural investment. Since the agricultural sector has characters which are quite different than other sectors which are effective on investor's decisions rely on the economic policy. The study aim to determine th

Soaking seeds with gibberellic acid improves germination and may consider as a solution for reduce negative effects of salt stress. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in shaded area belong to Agriculture College, University of Baghdad during fall and spring seasons 2012-2013 to test effect of seeds soaking in GA3 on emergence and seedling growth of corn under salt stress. First factor was two levels dry seeds and soaked seeds in 300 ppm concentration of GA3 for 24 hours. Second factor was five levels (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm NaCl). Randomize complete block design (RCBD) was used with four replications. Results showed significant superiority of soaked seeds in GA3 gave best values for last day of emergence, time it

Tigris River was chosen as astudy area in Baghdad province to study the geomorphological temporal changes due to the effect of erosion and deposition by remote sensing .Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) was calculated by data of  Landsat 7 and 8 for  +ETM and OLI ,respectively , between 1989 and 2014. Ten sites were selected within five regions represent all geomorphologic forms in the study area starting from Altajee to Alga’ara site located between the longitude 44° 19´ 50.512" E, 33° 23´ 24.754" N and 44° 32´ 07.762" E , 33° 09´ 21.432" N, with distance of 59945 m. The results indicated

A laboratory experiment was carried out at the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. Silty clay soil was treated with three salt solutions (NaCl, CaCl₂ and mixed NaCl–CaCl₂). Homogeneously packed soil columns (10 cm, 40 cm) were leached six times using tap water. Effluent samples were collected to determine ion concentration Cl^-, Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg⁺⁺. Breakthrough curves were used to estimate solute transport parameters (retardation factor, peclet number) using an analytical solution of convection-dispersion equation (CDE) by CXTFIT program. The results showed that relative concentration of ch

A field trial was conducted  in Silt loam soil at  Al-bu-Farraj, northen Ramadi, 110 km west of Baghdad) , to study the effect of fertilization with macro and micronutrients on growth and yield of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Randomized complete block design with three replicate was used. Four fertilizer formulations from  nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium i.e. A0 (0,0,0) , A1 (80, 80, 80) , A2 (120, 120, 120 and A3 (160, 160, 160) kg.ha^-1 were applied. Four concentrations of nutrient solution( B0,B1,B2,B3) (0 , 0.5 , 1 , 1.5) g.L^-1 were foliar applied.Results showed no significant difference among treatments regarding plant height. Leaf area , mean head weight and yield were signifi