An experiment  was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, College of Educated For Pure Science, Diyala Uinversity in 2014-2015,to investigate the influences of some plant growth regulators on total alkaloids production for ashwagandha plant )Withania somnifera L.) In Vitro .Four concentrations of Benzyl Adenine)BA (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.l^-1, which were represented with A0  ،A1 ، A2  and A3 respectively

This experiment was carried out at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2015 to study the effect of nitrogen fixing bacterial bio-fertilizers including Rhizobium phaseoli, Azotobacter  chroococcum, and Azospirillum brasilense and molybdenum on growth and yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each included 11 treatments represent the interactions between nitrogen fixing bacteria strains, molybdenum solo application, molybdenum and bacteria strains interactions, in addition to the recommended nitrogen

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Dept. Fild– Coll. Agric,University of Baghdad , to study the response of  red cabbage to the adding  wheat peat  and spraying its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on qualitative characteristics of  heads , using Raissa hybrid , during winter season of  2015-2016 . Afactorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) with threere plicaes were canducted , The  First fatcor includes five levels of  fertilizers , wethout-fertilizer (P0) , recommended chemical fertilizer ( 100 N ,120P205and120K2O  kg . h ^-1

An experiment was carried out at the research station of the Agriculture College - of Baghdad University for two seasons, spring and autumn 2015, Using hybrid seeds, primal, one of the early Cultivars. To study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient for the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted using factorial experiment (4×3) with in randomized complete block designe with three replicates and12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml L^-1, 2g Fe L^-1 and 0.5 Zn ml L^-1+ 2g Fe L^-1) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha^-1, after melted in a calculated amou

In order to estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environment variance; and estimate the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variations; and heritability broad sense. for some traits, in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).Experiment was carried out at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during Spring and Fall season of 2013, by using split plot arrangement in randomize complete block design with four replications . The population densities are 6000, 7000, 80000 p.ha^-1.as the main plots. Traits and variances were recorded on three genotypes of sorghum, Enqath, Rabih and Kaffieras sub plots. Results of statistical analysis showed that the cultivar Enqath the higher yield

A Factorial experiment were conducted at the experimental  farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad Jadiria the winter Season of 2014-2015. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on Regulation of tillering in wheat and  its relationship with grain yield and it's components. Treatments were distributed in Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design (RCBD) with three replicates and with four seeding  rates (60,80,100 and 120 kg.ha^-1) and fertilized with four nitrogen levels (50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha^-1). The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and

A Factorial experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad winter Season of 2014-2015. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on regulation of tillering in wheat and its relationship with grain yield and components. Treatments were distributed in the Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design with three replicates and four seeding rates 60,80,100 and 120 kg ha^-1 and fertilized with four nitrogen levels 50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha^-1. The results showed that there were significant differences within two factors and their interaction on the number of spikes and grain yield.

This study was conducted to isolate the fungus Rhizoctonia solani associated with Zinnia seeds, test its pathogenicity and evaluation the effect of  alcohol extract of coontail and lotus, grapefruit extract, sea bloom 29 and Bioimmune on this pathogene. This fungus was presented in 3 samples from 11 samples and was recorded for the first time on this plant in Iraq. All the isolates caused a significant reduction in seeds germination. Isolate A22 gave the highest decrease in percentage of germination (4%). This isolate gave 100% disease incidence and 96.5% disease severity compared to control (2.5%). The percentage of germination capacity and seed germination of the seed primed with PEG solution and planted in soil i

To evaluate five  maize inbred lines imported from Italy by  daillel and reciprocal crosses which predict from its, by estimate the heterosis ,general and specific combining ability effect(Gca,Sca,Rca), type of gene action and degree of dominance  for growth traits  and total yield. Field experiment was conducted during the two successive  seasons of 2013 , during spring  seasons full –diallel cross was carried out among inbred lines, In fall season a comparison experiment between the parents and the hybrids was carried by using randomized complete block design. The result show significant differences  for the  plant height (PH)(cm), ear height (EH)(cm) ,number of  leafs per plant(NL

An experiment was conducted at the central lab of Graduate studies - College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The objective was to study the effect of growth regulator on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars (PAC-78001 and local) variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiments according to CRD. Seeds sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes, then, cultured on MS media free of growth regulators to embryo induced. The embryos were cultured on MS media at different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) mg Li^-1. Induced callus from embryos was cultured on MS media supplementing with Kin. at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mg Li^-1 to determ

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-p

An experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition at a farm located in AlImary district east of Baghdad to study the effect of sheep manure water extract on the growth of tomato plants var. Wijdan during the season of 2014-2015.The experiment was consisted of 14 treatments which included of sheep manure with hot (42^ْC) and lmbient (20^ْC) Water temperature applied either by foliar at 25% and 50% concentration or directly to the soil at 50% and 100% concentration splited to 7 applications control treatments either distilled water as foliar and recommended chemical fertilizers (applied to soil). The experiment was design

An experiment was carried out in the fields that belong to agiriculture college /Baghdad university (AL-Jadyria) according to randomized compeleted blocks design(R.C.B.D.) with three replications during the spring season of 2015 to Study impact of growing point pinching and foliar spraying of whey on some traits of vegetative growth and yield of okra(Abelmoschus  esculentus L.Moench) AL-Batra local cultivar.The experiment was included six treatments which was pinching or no pinching of growthing point and foliar spraying of whey with three concentration (0%,50%and75%).The results showed that pinching was siginificant in all traits of vegetative growth except plant High where the highest values of branches number , d

Attention Recently directed to the importance of urban parks and gardens, being one of the basic and essential components to develop quality of urban life. The evaluation of design characteristics of the historical landscape parks from different aspects, one of the most important goals aspires landscape designer to be studied within the master plan of the city. The search adopted field survey methodology and observation, description within limits of current study. Babylon park using the camera and recording videos, in order to embody the components and elements of the overall site, using aerial maps of park site to sketching the sites accurately ,taking into consideration relationship of study area to neighboring

This study was aimed to enhance the immune response of the broilers by vitamin E and Cod liver oil supplement with locally inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis viruses. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks Ross 308 were divided to four groups at 30 chicks of each group. The 2^nd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml/chick of locally inactivated ND-IB vaccine at 5 days old. The 3^rd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1 ml/chick of VE. The 4^th group was vaccinated with 0.5ml of locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1ml/chick of Cod liver oil, while the first group was left without vaccination as a control group. All groups were vaccinated with attenuate

The study was conducted in order to know the ability of Korschinskii and Orientalis Almonds to tolerance of the drought stress using several levels of water irrigation (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity, with several indicators (number of leaves, the thickness of the leaves, root growth).  The results obtained not affected by the stock in the KorschinskiiAlmonds drought stress (255, 242, 220, 198 leaves), while the number of leaves that accompany the burning edges under the influence of droughtstress  inOrientalis Almonds (250, 130, 60, 12 leaves) at levels of  irrigatio

An experiment was conducted in the field of the University of Baghdad in 2015 In loamy sand  soil to study the effect drawbar and field efficiency using of a combine implement used for installation subsurface irrigation pipes and drip irrigation under different discharges. Subsurface irrigation system and drip irrigation system with three levels of discharge included 2.5,3.0 and3.5 L\hr^-1 were used in this experiment. Field efficiency, drawbar, soil moisture content and soil  bulk density were measured in this stdy. Nasted design under randomized complete block design(CRBD) with three replications were used in this experiment

This study was carried out in Al-Qadisiya Governorate during the period from December , 2012 to March , 2013. Involving five regions with different geographical locations (Diwania city center , Saniya District , Shafeia District, Daghara District and Al-Hamza District ) to determine the residues of nickel , arsenic and mercury in raw milk of cows , sheep and goats . A total of 150 raw milk samples were collected from 150 animals belong to the three species, involved 50 samples for cows, 50 samples for sheep and 50 samples for goats (10 samples / region) selected randomly. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry  was used to determine the concentration of nickel (NI) , arsenic (AS) and mercury (Hg) . The results showed that a significant

Amylase inhibitors were purified by many sequential steps included concentration by gradual addition of ammonium sulfate at  saturation ratios. ranged from 0 to 90% . The best ratio of saturation was found to be 70% as the specific activity and inhibition activity toward Human alpha-amylase(HAS)  were the highest ( 8 U/mg and 6 U/ml respectively as compared to those of the rest ratios, the ratio of saturation with ammonium sulfate 60 % and then 50%, (5.8 ,5.5  )U/ml and( 7.7 ،7 )U/mg respectively for inhibition activity and specific activity and for  40% ,30%20%  saturation  the inhibition activity and specific activity were(5 ،4.8 ،4 ) u/ml (6.6 ،6 ،5.8) u/mg respectively .The precepitation step was fo

This study was aimed to know the efficiency of partially purified L- asparaginase produced from local isolate from Erwinia spp. to reduce the percentage of acrylamide formed in Biscuit. Four types of biscuit from wheat flour were prepared (T1, T2, T3, T4),and T1 as control. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used to estimate acrylamide ratio in biscuit , Effect of enzyme addition  on flour chemical and rheological properties was studied, also dough behavior ,gluten percentage, water absorption and amylase enzyme activity was estimated. The results revealed  that  the  addition of  experimental asparaginase ( specific activity 20.5 unite mg^-1 ) with 1% of flour weight

The present study aimed to study the functional and nutritional properties of Defatted Okra Powder DOP and Okra Protein Concentrate OPC and Okra Protein Isolate OPI product from okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus), Essential amino acids 39.64, 40.93, 42.04% to DOP, OPC and OPI  respectively, the theoretical biological value (BV) 66.12, 68.3, 69.94 for DOP, OPC and OPI respectively, the degree amino acid score (AAS) 104.01, 106.73, 109.23  respectively  for the same groups and the same order, mineral ratio for  phosphorus 1750, 2430, 110 mg/kg^-1 of the three groups respectively, water absorption 1.82, 2.81, 3.36, fat absorption 2.03, 2.62, 3.03, foam capacity 58.1 0.64, 76.6%, and emulsion a

This research was conducted to study the effect of food treatment leaves of Malva sylvestris with ethanol ,ethyl acetate, hexane and oil extract of  black pepper fruits Piper nigrum on some biological aspects of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis by using the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5% of each extract, The results of feeding treatments of second larvae instar showed an increase in mortality percentages which reached 100% at the all extracts when using 5% concentrate. used in the test, while the highest mortality reached to 26.7% when using ethanol extract at 5% concentr

This study was carried out in order to identify and mapping the temporal changes for land covers in Baghdad province using Remote Sensing and GIS. Three images were used of land sate taken in 1976, 2000 and 2014 the study area. Suppervised classification and SAVI Index were used to identify land cover classes dominated in the study area. The results of supper classification indicated the presence of five land cover classes including water bodies, bare land, urban, low dense vegetation, and dense vegetation classes. There were four classes of land cover when was used SAVI index: water, no vegetation (bare land and urban), low dense vegetation, and dense vegetation. The results showed that Remote Sensing is a very active and useful

Field experiment during four seasons (spring and fall 2014 and 2015) was carried out on maize at the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Agric. Coll., Univ. of Baghdad to study the role of selection for early and late flowering (silking) of inbred lines on the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected, the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third seas

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third

This study aimed to analyse historical food availability in Sudan during 1961-2013. This was achieved by assessing the food supply (kg/capita/yr.), dietary energy supply (DES) (kcal/capita/day), composition of diets and food self-sufficiency. The study depended on the available secondary data from FAO balance sheets. Percent share, annual cumulative growth rate and trends were used as analytical tools. The total food supply had a positive growth rate of 4.9%. The DES increased from 1743 to 2186 kcal/capita/day, implying that Sudan is food insecure. Cereals constitute approximately half of the total DES. The percentage share of vegetal sources was paramount in the DES (80%), protein supply (60%) and fat supply (45-68%) relative to

The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase can be an important strategy in the postprandial blood glucose level in patients with type II diabetes, plants contains  different  chemical  constituents with  potential  for  inhibition  of α-amylase  and  hence  may be used  as  therapeutic.  Nine types of plants include (Clove, Lemon, Chamomile, Radish, Ginger, Black seed, pomegranate, Beetroot and Garlic) were used in this study to select the optimum plant material that inhibited α- amylase enzyme. Raphanus raphanistrum was chosen, it had the highest inhibition activity of the enzyme (95.5%). Also sodium phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH

This study was aimed to assess the data collected from the Iraqi North forests of Atrush, for reporting the urban forests and their status in many locations with different scales and ranges. This process was carried out by using up-to-date technology. Such technology included the economic scopes of the evaluation ecosystem, by i-Tree Eco evaluation, and the US Forest Service which helps out in such a program. The evaluation included the total carbon storage of 41 species of trees, and it was found that 27.78 t of those trees in which the value of $ 4743608.35 had an amount of gross carbon sequestration rate of 0.63 t /year and a value of $107.576.431.These results indicated that carbon storage within those trees of different species inve

The current study  was carried out at the Fields belongs of Horticulture  Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriyah for the spring season 2016 -2017 to study the effect for  inoculation mycorrhizae and  folair application  with bio stimulators and their interaction in the growth characters of  (local okra  ptera). A factorial experiment  (2  in randomized complete block design (RCBD), the experiment included (12) treatment  Distributed  in three  replicates. The three factors used in this experiment included . The inoculation with control (C) Mycorrhizae  ( M ) , Biozyme  (B ) ( B1 2cm

Sorption is one of the most chemical important processes, which determine nutrients availability in soil. Sorption isotherms provide sufficient information about soils sorption’s capacity, and it’s data can be used to determine thermodynamic sorption parameters. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the sorption of potassium onto some soils. An experiment was conducted with four calcareous soils of the Sulaimani province Kurdistan Region of Iraq by using the batch methods. 5g soil samples were equilibrated at 298±1 Kelvin with 50 ml of 0.01M CaCl₂ containing 0 to 250 mg L^-1 K as KCl. Suspensions were centrifuged, filtered, and concentration of K⁺ in the clear extract solution was deter