A field experiment was carried out at Al-Saqlawiya township Al-Anbar governorate at north in latitude 33°24´57"  and east longitude 43°41´23", during period from 15/10/2018 to 15/1/2019 in order to evaluate the performance of  5 units of surface drip irrigation system, components and periods of use, by the steps recommended by the American Agriculture Engineers Association, at 50 kPa operational pressure. Results showed that there was a disparity in values of emitters actual discharge, uniformity coefficient, emission uniformity and variation percent of discharge. Although the similarity of most measurement conditions such as land area, design, management and the operational pressur

Plastic food containers and bags are classified as the most dangerous food and water contaminants around the world, because of the possibility to transfer the chemicals from it to food as a result of heating. Therefore this study was aimed to estimate the chemical pollutants (heavy metals included lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and zinc) that transfer from plastic food containers and bags to food. Thirty food containers (15 packages and 15 bags) synthesized from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) were purchased from the local market in Baghdad. Cut each into small equal pieces (0.5×0.5) cm and placed in a thermo glass containers then submerged 3 food solution (D.

In this study, two isolates A. lowffii, and A. baumannii were obtained clinically, and genomically identified by 16S rRNA assessment with the accession number (MH685113.1 and MH685112.1) for A. lowffii and A. baumannii respectively. The sensitivity profile of the isolates was variable, and A. baumannii was the most resistant strain towards a wide range of antibiotics, and it did not show any growth defect in the presence of β-lactam antibiotic, in comparison with A. lowffii. We identified that the bla_OXA-23 gene was responsible for imipenem resistance in A. baumannii, whereas, bla_OXA-51-like was moderately confer resistance tow

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure do

 This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered tox

This study was aimed to investigate the potentiality of gluten inclusion into functional foods. The effect of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on the antioxidant properties of Pepsin, Trypsin, and Papain-assisted wheat gluten hydrolysates have been studied. Lyophilized and dried gluten from durum wheat, commercial durum gluten, and whey proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed. Based on the antioxidant activity of the obtained hydrolysates, papain hydrolyzed gluten was selected for this study. Functional properties (water holding capacity, emulsifying capacity and stability, foam formation and stability, protein solubility, and oil binding capacity) were investigated for the selected samples. Result

Determination of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in lab is cumbersome, time consuming, and costly. Accordingly, this article attempted to formulate pedotransfer functions for predicting it using some soil physical and chemical properties e.g., sand (SA), silt (SI), clay (CL), organic matter (OM) and calcium carbonate (CC). This research included four steps: preparing soil database; selecting independent variables which are related to CEC value; formulating models using NCSS 12.0.2 software, and the last step is to achieve specific objective of the research which is the comparsion among models by a series of efficiency criteria: root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (EF), average absolute p

A simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for making green nanoparticles has been developed. The current study examines the use of M. communis leaves extract in the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The color change and UV-visible spectrophotometer, which showed a distinct peak at 481nm, confirmed the formation of these particles. Different techniques were used to characterize copper nanoparticles. The influential functional groups that can bio-reduce the copper ion Cu²⁺ were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The crystal structure of copper nanoparticles was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), as evidenced by the peaks at 2θ values of 43.35

This research was aimed to study the problems related to fish farming and the risks that they face.  Diyala Governorate was chosen as an applied model for measuring risk facing fish farmers. Research data were collected according to the random sample method, which included (30%) of all fish farming projects in Diyala Governorate. This sample has included 28% of the total fish farming projects in fish ponds and (31.5%) of the total Fish farming projects in cages through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The study focused on analyzing the behavior of fish farmers of the research sample towards risks by adopting a safety model in the form of the risk avoidance criterion (K_(s)(.The production functions for fi

This study was conducted to assess desertification for dry lands in some parts of Iraq. The study area located between longitudes 43⁰25^- 41^" - 46⁰ 28^- 01^" E and latitudes 34⁰ 18^- 35^" - 36⁰ 20^- 56^" N with an area of 26500Km²which include some parts of the governorates of Sulaimani, Diyala, Kirkuk, and Erbil in Iraq.  Eighty nine surface soil samples were taken, air dried, sieved through a 2 mm sieve and then analyzed for some physical and chemical properties.   Desertification is assessed according to Mediterranean Desertific

Herbicides are much more than just chemicals to control weed plants, and they can also influence the ecosystems. So, it is necessary to choose new herbicide with low active ingredients in order to reduce environmental issues, as well as control weed plants. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and to compare two herbicides containing similar active ingredients, Chevalier WG and Atlantis OD, as they contain metsufuron-methyl and iodosufuron-methyl sodium at different rates. Chevalier contains 30 g/l of each active ingredient; whilst Atlantis OD has 10 g/l of metsulfuron-methyl and 2 g/l of iodosufuron-methyl sodium. The results showed that all treatments significantly were active to control the weeds in both

This study was conducted in the animal farm of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of  Baghdad/ Iraq, from 23 march 2014 to 23 may 2014 to investigate the effect of  two levels of roughage to concentrate ratio on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Holstein Friesian veal’s, by studying the traits of three major muscles (longissimus dorsi LD, biceps femoris BF and semimembranosus SM). Two equal groups of Holstein Friesian veal’s  were used. Each group was consilted of five veal’s at eight months old and weighted 228.800 ± 21.221Kg and 227.800 ± 9.167

A field experiment was carried out in summer season 2024  at one field  of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College, University of Baghdad, in order to study the impact of organic and phosphate fertilization plus foliar application  with the L- glutamic acid, on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement and three replicates. The experiment consist three factors, three levels of organic fertilizer (cattle manure) at rates 0, 20, and 40 Mg ha⁻¹; three levels of phosphate fertilizer in the form of diammonium phosphate (DAP, 20% P) at a rate 0, 75 and 150 kg ha⁻¹, and foliar aaplication

Three hundred samples of stools were collected from children who are suffering from diarrhea. Twelve of them (4%) were positive for Aeromonas spp. test, the ability of Aeromonas isolates to produce chitinase enzyme was tested on medium supplemented with colloidal chitin. Chitinase enzyme was extracted, the crude extract activity and specific activity was 13 U/ml and 7.3 U/mg respectively. The enzyme was purified by precipitating with ammonium sulfate 70% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE- cellulose column and gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-200 column. The specific activity reached 154.5 U/mg with 21.16 purification fol

The objective of this study was to know the effect of screening for the No. of fertile tillers m^-2 is effective on yield in next generations. The research was conducted at field of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during two winter seasons, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Fifteen entries of wheat were introduced from CIMMYT with local variety (Abugraib3) were screened under three phosphorous rates (0, 75 and 150 kg ha^-1). Superior entries in No. of fertile tillers m^-2 were selected in addition to entries that gave the lowest means in this trait. In both experiments, randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plots arrangement with three replicates was used where phosphate rates in 1

A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture , to investigate effect of moisture deletion for some traits of selected wheat genotypes , during 2014-2015, which depend to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014) . The 9^th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four moisture depletion (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots .The results revealed significant differences among depletion, genotypes and their interaction of all studied traits. Moisture depletion 20% , showed the

The aim of this study is detection of salt tolerant gene (TaST) selected wheat genotypes for salt tolerance  (1H, 2H , 3H) through plant breeding program as compared with local cultivars (sensitive)  under salinity condition. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (q-RT-PCR) was used to detect TaST salt tolerant gene in these selected genotypes. Also chlorophyll and organic compounds contents were estimated in the upper leaves of the selected genotypes and local cultivars. Results of the PCR showed that the gene band of TaST appeared only in the selected genotypes with length 175bp at both salinity conditions, while this band absent in the local cultivars, (sensitive) (Iraq and latefyi), also

Aim of  this studty  to identify the risk  of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-10 promoter variants -1082A/G  associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and tubal factor infertility.  Out of 100  women were attending different hospitals in Baghdad  included the Gynaecology Departments of Women Health Center at Al-Elwyia Obstetrics Hospital, Ibn Al balady Maternity and Children's Hospital , Kamal al-Samarrai hospital Fertility Center infertility treatment and In Vitro Fertilization ( IVF )  (20 control and 80 women with infertility) with an age range of 16-40 years

The objective of this study to calculate means of oocysts in feces natural infected sheep. A total of 150 sheep fecal samples collected from different regions of Baghdad province(AL-Sholla , AL-Horia, AL-Taji, and Abo-Grab)-Iraq, during the period from the beginning of January to the end ofMay 2016. Three laboratory methods(modified acid fast stain, sheather᾿s sugar solutionand calculation of oocysts in feces of infected animals by haemocytometer) were used for diagnosis of Cryptosporidial oocysts and study the shedding rate of oocysts from infected male and female(pregnant and non pregnant)animals. The total infection rate was 44.66%(67/150), and the highest i

The aim of this research is studying the affecting factors in net farm income via using panel data models .To achieving requirements of the study we collected the data randomly from 41 farmers in al-maden district – province of Baghdad.To all production activities in farm in 2015 and 2016. We used eviews 6 program and GLS method, we used OLS to estimate three models were net agricultural income was dependent variable and each of the area, costs, value of animal production and value of assets were independent variables, according to LM test and hausman test, the random effects model was the best of the estimating models which confirm that increasing the assets, area and cost by 1% will increase net agricultural income by (0.049,

Wheat is one of the most important cereals, occupying a discrete economic position worldwide as a main source for human nutrition due to its content of essential nutrients. Therefore, wheat has a strategic trait in international economic relationships, and most developing countries, including Iraq, are seeking for achieving self-sufficiency from this crop. This study aimed to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as economic, price, cost, and technical efficiencies beside the other economic indices at actual, optimal and profit-maximizing production of wheat. A random sample of 45 wheat farms in Nejaf province was selected during the agricultural season 2016. From efficiency scales of profit function, it was shown that t

This study was carried out to assess impacts of industrial activities on environmental quality in Bazian cement factory, Sulaimani. Environmental impact of factory was carried out from September 2015 to August 2016  at studied area located at north west of city with coordinates of 35º36'242"- 045º04'470".Pollutant particles can have as consequence reduction of biodiversity and quality of water, soil and whole ecosystems. Especially, cement dust can be emitted at every stage of cement production which affects on photosynthetic process, leaf stomata, discoloration, enzymatic malfunction, growth reduction and productivity of plants. In this study, water, soil, air and three plants (Platycladus orientalis<

The research aimed at estimating the production function and the total cost function, as well as calculating the efficiency of resource use, technical, economic, price and cost efficiency. The research was based primarily on a simple random sample of 115 farmers in Baghdad governorate for the spring season 2016.The finding of the study reveal that the optimal size of production and the size of production that maximize profit reached about 98.6512, 112.8316 tons respectively. Technical, economic and price efficiencies were estimated at (61.8588, 61.8585, 90.479)% consequently, while cost efficiency was estimated at 0.66720, and the net farm income that achieved over all the sample less about 3726.9726 thousand din

A field trial was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station at Najaf province during 2015 rice season to assess the effects of irrigation periods and organic manure on soil physical properties under System of Rice Intensification The experiment was conducted using split   split plot arrangement with RCBD design with three replicates. The main plots were irrigation schedule where practiced: daily and intermittent water application where irrigation water was at two different intervals 3, 5 day. The sub plots were varieties (anber33,jasmin) and three amount of organic manures 0, 5, 10 ton.haˉ¹, planted under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compared with conventional method. The results indicated that superiorit

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Artemisia splendens on performance, some serum biochemicals content, lymphoid organs and gut health of broiler chickens challenged with coccidia. This study was conducted at university of Duhok, college of agriculture. A total of 200 day-old Ross 308 chicks were assigned in to 5 treatments (4 replicates pens of 10 birds/pen): unchallenged control (negative control); challenged control (positive control); challenged supplemented with salinomycin in feed  (anticoccidial); challenged supplemented with Artemisia splendens  in drinking water (AS1) and challenged supplemented with Artemisia s

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum and humic acids on the leaching and releasing of salts from saline- sodic soil. A laboratory experiment was conducted in polyethylene columns (60.0 cm and 7.1 cm). The columns were filled with 30 cm soil (EC=73.78 dSm^-1). The experiment included two factors, phosphogypsum added at levels 0, 5, 10 and 15 mtons ha^-1 with symbols PG₀,PG₁, PG₂ and PG₃ respectively, and humic acids were added at levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha^-1 with symbols HA₀, HA₁, HA₂ and HA₃, mixing them with the top 5 cm of soil column. The electrical conductivity

The element-substituted calcium Deficient hydroxyapatite samples were synthesized using liquid-phase precipitation method. Different element ions (Mg⁺², Zn⁺², and Cu⁺²) were added at constant ratio (5% wt.). The phase composition of the element-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite samples was investigated by using X-ray diffraction. A comparison with known characteristics of the synthetic ion-substituted forms of hydroxyapatite was conducted. It was determined, that the investigated materials are single-phase solid solutions of the element-substituted hydroxyapatite. By the methods of IR spectroscopy and Raman scattering (RS) it was discovered the dependence of incorporation of the carbonate anion t

This study was aimed to evaluate the ability of local oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus; ID: MF065715.1; cultivated until maturation in growth medium containing cumin extract) to modulate the genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in bone marrow cells of mice. In vivo genotoxicity was assessed by quantifying the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow cells of mice that were administered different doses of P.ostreatus extract (150, 200,250, and 300 mg/kg/day( respectively, individually, and in combination with CP (40 mg/kg body weight) according to the following three experimental protocols (pre 2h, post 2h, and concomitant treatment for 14 day

This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using iron slag by product as reactive materials in the porous reactive barriers technologies to achieve the principles of sustainability. Results reveal that the maximum adsorption capacity of iron slag (=2.309 mg/g) can be calculated by Langmuir model because it is more representative for adsorption data. This means that the chem-sorption is predominant mechanism for sorption of lead ions where the dissolution of calcium oxide by hydrolysis and ion exchange can enhance the removal of lead ions by iron oxide surface sites. In addition, the results of continuous tests conducted for 140 hours certified that the longevities of the barriers is proportional straightforwardly with

Forty broiler chickens, One - day old were randomly divided into four equal groups:  1^st group was immunized with 0.5 ml of whole sonicated salmonella antigens (WSSAgs), protein concentration 1.89 mg/ml. Two dose  two weeks intervals, S/C at 7 days old  and  the  chicks  fed   contaminated diet with  mycotoxins for 7 week,   2^nd group was immunized with WSSAgs only and treated  as  1^st group,  3^rd group fed diet contaminated with  mycotoxins  and 4^th