This study was aimed to assess the water quality of different water resources (Surface water, subsurface in water, and groundwater) across the Balak river basin. Twenty two different water resource samples were collected and subjecting to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. Balak river basin, situated in Erbil governorate, Iraq, it is located 10 km to the east from Bekhal Waterfall. Five attributers combine with Balak River within the basin areas which are: Rezanok Sub River, Balakiyan Sub River, Basan Sub River, Roste Sub River, and Alana Sub River. The hydro chemical study of all water resources during the investigated period revealed that the spring waters are relatively higher in electrical conductivity value compared t

The study was aimed to determine heterosis, GCA, SCA and some genetic parameters in maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds for half diallel crosses among eight inbred lines Planted in spring season 2021 during fall season 2021, the eight parents and 28 hybrids were sowing (10/7/2021) using Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications at the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effects in all studied traits except number of ears per plant.  The (Un44052) line was superior in number of rows per ear and grain yield per plant, while the cross (Zp-505 x Un44052) was superior in number ear per plant

This research was aimed to purified beta-glucosidase from apricot seeds using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography, then ion exchange chromatography.  Ion exchange chromatography resulted in the enzyme sample with a specific activity of 41.3 U/mg with a purification fold of 15 and a yield of 30.3%.  The apricot beta-glucosidase had an optimum pH of 4 with good stability between pH 3 and 6.  The optimum temperature was 60°C and there was good stability between 5 and 40°C.  Faba beans treated at pH 5.5 containing beta-glucosidase showed higher total vicine removal than with only water at pH 5.5 after 4 h.  Additionally

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at the Grdarasha Research Station of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College-Salahaddin University-Erbil. The experiment was designed as factorial within randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three target seeding rates of Triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack, variety Admiral (200,250,and300seeds.m^-2), while the second factor was three grain size grades whole, thousand kernels weight (TKW) 47.32 g, heavy seeds, TKW 54.04 and light seeds TKW 40.18 g. The results revealed to

The current study was aimed assessing the effects of cultivars, sowing date and locations on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) quality parameters grain protein concentration (GP), Gluten Index GI, falling number (FN), Water absorption capacity (WAC %), Pasting temperature (PT), and loaf volume (LV) of five bread wheat cultivars viz. Alla, Hassad, Charmo, Maaroof, and Adana as control, two sowing dates (Nov 15^th, Dec 15^th) at each location under rainfed environment. Grain samples were obtained from previous field experiments were conducted at two locations of Sulaimani Governate in Iraq-Kurdistan-region, Qlyasan and Halabja, during growing seasons 2018-2019.

In this study, a highly levansucrase-producing strain was isolated, identified as Bacillus lichniformans MJ8, and registered with the accession number OM672244.1 in the NCBI database. The SacB gene responsible for levansucrase production was transferred from this bacterium into Escherichia coli. It was found that the gene contains 1449 bp nucleotides, encoding 482 amino acids. The gene has been given the accession number ON811641.1 in the NCBI gene bank. The transformation was achieved by a cloning the SacB gene to plasmid pTG19-T, which was transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α. The Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), with pet-28a (+) vector, was used to express the gene. One mM IPT

This experiment was conducted to assemble and test a cooling system operating with a thermoelectric cooling system (TEC) used to preserve crops and agricultural products from April 14 to June 24, 2021 AD. The study included a test of adding Heat Sink to the cold side of the thermoelectric cooling plates (TEC) with two levels (without heat sink (A1) and with heat sink (A2)) inside the system. 6 cooling models (TEC) were used with 6 heat sinks distributed in the form of two groups, and each group includes three cooling model (TEC). The following characteristics were measured (internal temperature (Tin), temperature difference (∆T), relative humidity (RH), time required to cool (t), cooling capacity (Qc) and Coefficient of Perform

This study was aimed to record new genus and species (Morettia philaeana). Through field survey trips to collect the wild plants from specific places at Western Desert District of Iraq, during the year 2022 and near the Rutba Dam on Wadi Houran at Jaffalah region (28km. south west of Rutba), the species Morettia philaeana (Delile) DC. was collected as a plants of the Cruciferae family, after confirming the identification as a new species in the country depending on the Flora of the neighboring countries of Iraq, the study included the morphological description of all floral and vegetative organs, as well as the anatomy of stem and the study of some characteristics of the stomatal complex in cauline leaves . Thes

Eight inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) and their 16 F₂ hybrids were used in this investigation during the spring season 2023, utilizing the line × tester mating design. This study was conducted at two environmentally different locations at Sulaimani: Dukan and Qlyasan. The hybridization consisted of four inbred lines (NADH905, NADH102, NA106, and SaraNA) which were used as lines with four inbred lines (NA225, NAHD503, ZN12, and NAPI 5012) which were used as testers. The cross SaraNA×NAPI5012 and NADH 905×NA225 recorded t

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diesel fuel temperature on engine performance and emissions.  A 4-cylinder 4-stroke water cooled direct injection (DI) diesel engine was tested at three fuel temperatures (50, 60 and 70( °C. The fuel temperatures were controlled by A thermoelectric cooling system (TEC) fixed on the fuel supply line before the injection pump. The engine was run with two speed levels, included 1200 and 1500 rpm, with constant load (full load). An electric dynamometer was connected to the engine to make load by electric heaters. Gas emission was measured using gas

This research was aimed to investigate a model of confirmatory structural validity for indicators of adopting axial sprinkler irrigation technology for wheat producers in Ain Al-Tamr district as the Karbala governorate during the agricultural season (2020-2021) through a number of hypotheses to measure and estimate the latent variables based on the five-point Likert scale to show the behaviors and psychological preferences for a set of phrases the samples targeting of farmers to the most important factor affecting the adoption of pivot sprinkler irrigation technology. The sample consisted of (100) farmers and based on the method confirmatory factor analysis and using the AMOS program. The most important influencing factors were o

This study was aimed to investigate histopathological changes in the lungs of sheep and goat. A total of 4061 lung samples (3667 sheep and 394 in lungs goats), All samples were collected during October 2020 till October 2021. According to macroscopical and histopathological  features, different types of pneumonia with percentages rate in both of sheep and goat are recorded, which are  including acute suppurative  pneumonia, acute suppurative bronchopneumonia, Acute fibrinous pneumonia, acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, Broncho-interstatial pneumonia, chronic granulomatous pneumonia, Haemoorgic pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchopneumonia, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, chronic bronchit

A field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2021 at Al-Hamidiya Research Station of the College of Agriculture, With the aim of studying the effect of soaking seeds with Atonik growth regulator and seeding dates on growth characteristics and plant nutrients content for three varieties of sorghum. A randomized complete block design with split-split plot arrangement was used with three replications. The main plot included seeding dates for both spring and fall seasons, while the sub-plot included the concentrations of the growth regulator (Atonk) which are 0-, 2.5- and 5-ml L^-1, while the thr

The purpose of this research is assessing the significance of biological and physical seeds invigoration of different aged carrot seeds orders and study their field performance. An implementation of field experiment at station (A) College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2021-2022. The experimental design arranged using split plot within RCBD. As carrot seeds order considered main plots (primary P, secondary S, tertiary T) and seeds invigoration treatments sub plots (untreated seeds C0, biological B, Physical G, B+G) with three replicates (3X4X3). The interaction treatment PBG (biological+physical treated primary see

This study was aimed to investigate for the particular adsorption of morphine, precipitation polymerization technology was used to create molecularly imprinted polymers. Using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker, and allyl chloride and styrene as the functional monomers. This MIP demonstrated a maximum morphine adsorption capacity of 38.24 mg/g at a bulk morphine concentration of (20,40,60,80,100) ppm in acetonitrile solution, one of the greatest talents recorded in the literature to date. Thermodynamic analysis, instrumental characterisation, adsorption studies, and suggested mechanisms all verified the molecularly imprinted polymers adsorption capacity, selectivity, reusability,

The study was aimed to identify the concepts of water footprint and virtual water and how these two concepts could be used to achieve water savings at the local level to meet the water supply deficit in Iraq,which is expected to increase in the coming years through studying the water footprint and virtual water and their impact on the foreign trade for wheat and rice crops during the period 2000-2020 and estimating the most important indicators of virtual water and the water footprint of the study crops due to the importance of these criteria in determining the amount of increase or decrease in the area of ​​the studied crops.According to the foreign trade policy.This study was concluded that the average total water footprint

This study was aimed to determine some genetic parameters of summer squash (cucurbita pepo L.), half diallel cross among  eight inbred lines carried out in summer season 2021 at field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of  Duhok. The experiment lay out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effect in all studied traits. The inbred lines LBL2 and CNS2881 was superior in yield plant^-1 obtained 9.67 kg and 10.94 kg, the crosses (CNS2881 x PEP1670) and (PEP1670 x N33133) recorded the highest value 13.83 and 13.53 respectively. The crosses (PEP512 x, CNS2881), (CNS2881 x PEP

This study was aimed to analyze the annual rainfall and study the changes in the borders of rainfed regions in Iraq. Monthly rainfall data for 39 meteorological stations affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation /Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology have been used. These data represent a Long-term Climate Records from January 1980 to December 2020 have been used to calculate the mean annual rainfall in Iraq over the 41 years. The resultes showed significant spatial and temporal variability in the annual mean rainfall, with higher values in the northern areas of Iraq and lower values in the southern regions. It was examined the succession of the rainfed line at 250mm. The results indicated that there have be

The research aims to identify the financial feasibility of cultivating the wheat crop under modern irrigation systems in desert areas and to clarify the impact of the capacity of the systems in those projects in achieving the financial feasibility of their establishment, using the economic evaluation criteria for the projects. The research included a study of 60 projects in Anbar Governorate for the 2020-2021 production season. It has been shown that projects that use several systems, despite their high investment costs, can recover the money invested in them within a relatively short period. The projects that use modern irrigation systems covering 60 donums were among the best projects that achieved technical efficiency in the p

This research aimed to measure and analyze the impact of exchange rate shocks on some variables of the Iraqi economy during (1990-2022), because of the different effects of these shocks on the macroeconomic variables represented in money supply and agricultural output. Exchange rates are related to the policy chosen by the Central Bank of Iraq in managing the foreign exchange market and in the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy. The research uses a quantitative method in estimating the levels of the impact of exchange rate shocks on some economic variables. Several methods are conducted to achieve the goals, including the VAR model, variance decomposition and Impulse Response Functions. The results showed that e

This study aimed to examine how including dietary dried rosemary leaves (DRL) of Holstein bulls affects methane production and certain rumen fluid characteristics in vitro. Rumen fluid was obtained from newly slaughtered calves and used in two separate trials: one for gas production and another for digestion. In the trials, two diets were implemented. The first was the standard diet for bulls, consisting of a concentrate diet and alfalfa hay (control group). The second diet included the addition of 250 g DRL to the essential diet. There was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in methane and N-NH3 production, as well as in the ratio between unsaturated fatty acids (USF) and saturated fatty acids in the rosemary group compar

This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal effect of three local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates in controlling the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. under laboratory and shade house conditions. We amplified 16S rRNA and performed polymerase chain reaction on the isolates to confirm them as B. thuringiensis. PCR was carried out with a universal primer for the 16S rRNA amplification for confirmation, where all three isolates yielded the predicted amplicon. The isolates were identified as B. thuringiensis and documented using sequencing based on their 16S rRNA genes. Sequencing results were deposited at NCBI. The laboratory experiments revealed that Sa.Sa.Kh.3 isolate outperformed the other two isola

The experiment was carried out in the season 2021-2022 at College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad, For testing the potential for the plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in controlling the Rhizoctonia solani fungus that causes black scurf disease in potatoes. All fungal isolates obtained a very good efficacy in the reduction seed germination percentage (0, 6.7, 15.6 and 17.7%, respectively) in comparison with control (97.7%). The results showed that the Rs1 and Rs4 fungi isolates are the most pathogenic as it recorded 5 and 4.2 respectively. Bl.4 bacterial isolate recorded the highest inhibitory ability of fungus growth (47.6%) with significant differences compared with Bl.5 and Bl.3, while

This study aimed to assess desertification and land degradation in an arid and semi-arid climate (Al-Nasr area, Dhi Qar Governorate). We used the MEDALUS and modified MEDALUS models with three scenarios, in conjunction with GIS mapping techniques, to identify desertification risks in one Iraqi governorate. After creating a desertification database containing 19 criteria, the first steps consisted of mapping four MEDALUS indicators, including soil, vegetation, climate, and land management. The next step involved adding other indicators such as irrigation water. All layers weighted by environmental conditions present in the region were then used according to the same MEDALUS framework to create a desertification map. The results sh

This study aimed to investigate the stimulation of the formation of phenolic compounds in callus cultures of Origanum vulgare using nanomaterials. Different combinations of plant growth regulators (NAA, BAP, and TDZ) were applied to form the calli from leaf explants. The optimal effect was achieved with a combination of 1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP, which resulted in an initiation rate of 100% along with significant increase in both fresh and dry weight. The addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) at different concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mg/L) to the culture medium led to a substantial decrease in the fresh and dry weight of calluses with a significant increase in the

This study was aimed to evaluate detection of T. gondii in blood DNA based on the B1 gene and serologically, also to investigate the effect of some risk factors (sex, ages, breeds and flocks). A total of 190 goats were included. The blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein and subjected to nested PCR (nPCR) and Elisa for detection of T. gondii. The results obtained that the prevalence was 24.21% by nPCR and 46.31% by ELISA with significant differences. The degree of agreement between nPCR and ELISA was a slight (Kappa=<

This study was conducted to estimate (Co) variance components of a sexual and egg production traits in Iraqi brown local chickens. Data on 2234 pedigreed hens for successive six generations of selection for high egg production during the first 24 weeks of laying were used. Data of first egg weight (FEWT), body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg number (EN), egg weight (EW) and egg mass (EM) were recorded individually. The univariate and bivariate animal models under Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) were applied to estimate the variance component and the BLUP breeding values. The average of the traits mentioned above was 35.7g, 1489.59g, 149.31d, 109.32 egg/hen, 44.80g an

A pilot study in the field was conducted within the study station of the Field Crops Department / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / “University of Baghdad during winter season of 2022-2023” .In order to find out the role of chlorophyll nutrient spraying on some growth traits of two varieties of bread wheat. Using RCBD design. The results showed a significant superiority of the V1 variety in all studied traits such as (Plant height measured in centimeters, number of tillers per square meter, and  dry weight flowering100%, “the growth rate of the crop is g.m².d^-1, the hay yield in “ton .ha^-1 biological yield ton. ha^-1”, flag leaf area (cm²), chloroph

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of blue panic (Panicum antidotale Retz.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth around palm trees on insect pests. Four experimental treatments were employed to develop fodder around date palms in the field: alfalfa, blue panic, combination of alfalfa and blue panic, and a palm monoculture without any fodder. Each treatment consisted of six replications, resulting in a total of 24 date palms examined. Insect pests were collected biweekly utilizing light and pitfall traps from January to December 2020. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of fodder treatments on the number of pests collected. Additionally, an ANOVA with repeated measures was