The experiment was carried out at the Animal Farm / Department of Animal Resources/ College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to study the effect of using different percentage of concentrate to roughage in fattening calves .Two equal groups of Holstein Frisian calves, with age about eight months and at average weight of 228.8±21.2&227.8±9.12 kg /hd respectively. The calves placed in two neighboring barn. The animals fed by 3% live weight in the first two weeks then the ratio was raised to 4% of the live weight to the end the experiment. The animal’s weights and some body measurements were recorded at the beginning of the experiment, then after two weeks until the end of experiment (body wt., Chest ci

The experiment was conducted on a farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for the year 2015 in silt-clay loam soil in order to evaluate the effect of tillage equipment on tillage appearance and some the technical indicators. The tractor" ITM– 285"with tillage systems implements tow factors included, three primary tillage implements included: Moldboard plow, Chisel plow and sweep plow and three pulverization implement included :disc harrow, spring spike tooth harrow and rotary harrow studying the effect of these factors on: Number of clods > 10cm , number o

The current research was carried out to enhance Aloe vera propagation via tissue culture technique. BA at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l alone or combined with 0.1 mg/l NAA were used for shoot proliferation. The best result was recorded by using 2mgl-1 BAP (5.33 shoots/ explant). Meanwhile, combination between 2 mg/l BAP with (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) mg/l kinetin, NAA or IBA were tested and best protocol was shown by using 2 mg1-1 BAP + 0.6 NAA which recorded 4.89 shoots/ explant. For rooting, MS medium at half and full strength salts were used supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4mgl-1 of NAA. The result revealed that 3 mg1-1 NAA at half strength of MS medium regenerate developed roots (8.67 roots / shoot) within 4 weeks. The well successful healthy plantl

This research was aimed at analyzing the saving behavior of Saudi households in AL-HASA governorate, the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via questionnaire randomly distributed to a sample of 308 Saudi households. The poverty line income was estimated as equivalent to break-even level in saving function, was estimated at 10500 Saudi Riyals per month. Using OLS method consumption and saving functions for Saudi households in AL-HASA governorate were estimated.  The marginal propensity to save for poor was higher than that of non-poor households with a statistically significant difference of about 0.35. This indicates that poor households are more willing to save compared to non-poor households if income incre

A field study was conducted to observe the effects of chemical fruit thinning and their time of application on fruit yield and quality of date palm cv. Khalas at Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Fourteen date palm trees were randomly selected for the experiment, which was laid out on two-factorial randomized complete block design having six replicates for each treatment. Factor-one comprised of the six chemical (ammonium thiosulphate at 1, 2, and 3% and ethephon at 100, 200 and 300ppm) excluding control, whereas the second factor was the time of application of these two chemical thinners (5 and 10 days after pollination). The findings of this study indicated that the chemical fruit th

A study was conducted to specify mutations of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)  in the nucleotides of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and their molecular relationship with heterosis exhibited by the six A- lines and three R-testers of sunflower. The trail was conducted at the fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Abu Ghraib during two seasons (spring and fall 2016). Parental lines were crossed according to lineΧtester crossing scheme to produce 18 single hybrids, genotypes were sown to assess their phenotypic performance in the fall season. Results of the molecular analysis of ITS sequencing showed that the rearrangement of single nucleotides had acc

The aim of this study is to develop and predict models of tractive efficiency using the artificial neural network and stepwise approach. The tractive efficiency of tractor (CASE JX75T) was measured experimentally. Experiments were conducted in the site of Basrah University. Which had silty clay soil texture. The field conditions included effect of two level of cone index (550 and 980 kPa), two level of moisture content (8 and 21%), three forward speeds (0.54, 0.83 and 1.53 m/s) and four level of tillage depths (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). The results illustrated that both developed models (stepwise approach and ANN technique) had acceptable performance for predicting tractive efficiency of tractor und

This study was aimed to found out the type of  bacterial species grown on the surface of date palm tissue culture media. Shoot tips of date palm (Barhi cv.) were cultured on MS media supplemented with various combinations of hormones. During  growth an infection was appeared in all cultures with gray colour. Primarily identification, proved  a bacterial infection due to its colour and appearance. The genus Arthrobacter was isolated Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to ciprofloxacin,Trimethoprim, and Amikacin and resistant  to Clarithromycin,Ceftriaxone and Gentamycin. Sequence analysis of 16 rRNA indicated a new isolates   were closely related to the  

Water pollution with toxic heavy metals represents a most important problem, as a result of releasing these metals to ecological ambient without treatment, leading to their persistence and non-biodegradation. A variety of traditional methods are utilized as an attempt to remove heavy metals from waste water, but still without making any actual progress. In present work Eichhorniacrassipes (water hyacinth) root and  shoot powder ,and ash case with chitosan  are used as a removal system for  heavy metals (HM), including lead, copper and  cadmium from waste water via biosorption process .It  was carried out by using two different experimental conditions: (i) heavy metal concentration (1000 ppm), wit

This study was aimed to explore the safe levels of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of the pamper (Cordia myxa) fruit in used mice, and its effect on vital organs.Various doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg  body weight were used in this study for both aqueous and alcoholic extracts for the entire week. The safe doses of aqueous and alcoholic extracts were then used with 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg / kg body weight and continued observation for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, animal weights were taken, mice were then executed and weights of some of important biological organs such as kidney and liver were weighed and examined for histopathological segments. The results of the study did not show any l

A simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and ecofriendly method has been developed for the quantitative determination of Cefixime (CFX) in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations by using a combination of cloud point extraction with UV-Visible absorption spectrophotometric method. Analytical applications of complexation with metal ions by reacting Cefixime (CFX) with  Iron (III) to form chelate complexes under limited experimental conditions. The method based to dissolved CFX in 0.1 M NaOH,  10% (v/v) Triton X-114 and  mixed with (1000 μg mL^-1<

This study was aimed to investigate the Portulaca oleracea is a succulent plant in Portulacaceae family distributed around different regions of Iraq as collected widely in the gardens of Baghdad governorate. The results of this study shown that a systematic significant of morphological and anatomical data. Individuals of purslane showed herb habit with branched shoot stems. Stems and leaves are glabrous and leaves are alternate, the petiole is absent. There is variation in morphological characters as (Flowers, inflorescence architecture), these inflorescences were viewed as clustered in the form of small one carrying many male and female flowers as the inflorescences take the form of lon

 This study was aimed to produce silver nanoparticles by fruits extract of Juniperus phoenicea and comparison between the ethanolic extract and nano extract through the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity against prostate cancer. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was shown by many characterizing techniques: UV, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Nano extract exhibited a higher antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasite compared to ethanolic extract and higher cytotoxicity activity. The nano extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared with antibiotics. Finally, we study the toxicity of J. phoenicea by Inhibition of RBC hemolysis by H₂O₂, the results exhibited the h

Seven plants species that belong to Asteraceae (Compositae) family have been investigated micro-morphology with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Plants were collected from University of Baghdad campus during January to May in 2017-2018 and the species are: Calendula persica C. M. May, Carduus pycnocephalus L., Erigeron canadensis L., Lactuca serriola L., Silybum marianum  (L.) Garth, Sonchus oleraceus L., Urospermum picroides (L.) Schmidt. The aim of this study was to describing the external morphology of seeds as well as a detailed study of pollen grains morphology. Special emphasis is given to the si

This study was aimed on purification, immobilization and application of peroxidase enzyme from whole plant of soy bean for the decolorization of textile dyes and degradation of some phenolic compounds. The purification of peroxidase was in two steps include: concentration by sucrose and gel filtration by using sephadex G-150. The purification fold was 4.46 and 2.09 with an enzyme yield of 22.34% and 25.55% for peak 1 and peak 2 respectively. The purified peroxidase enzyme was immobilized by two methods include: covalent linkage immobilization by gluteraldehyde activated chitosan and entrapment by sodium alginate and agarose gel, the immobilization ratio reached to 58.07%, 50% and 11.75% respectively. Crude, purified and immobiliz

The aim of this study is to develop a bioconversion process of chitin to chitosan in solid-state fermentation. A classical optimization of one factor at the time was performed and revealed that maximum chitin deacetylase (CDA) production can be obtained in corn medium moisturized with mineral salt solution and with an initial moisture of 1:1 level (w/v). Results showed that 3% of spore inoculum contained 1× 10⁶ provided maximum production of CDA enzyme (219.5 U/g solid medium) after 5 days of incubation. Moreover, process parameters were systemically evaluated to impr

 The present study was planned to investigate equine babesiosis in dragging horses in Baghdad city, Iraq by using microscopical and molecular (PCR) techniques. 150 blood samples of horses examined for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. 16.66% (25/150) were positive by microscopic examination. No significant difference was observed in infection rates between male and female horses and among different age groups. The result showed that PCR method has high rate of infection36% (9/25). Nine positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in Genebank data base for first time in Iraq, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 5 sequences belongs to T. equi (MK350319, MK346272, MK346273, MK346274 and MK36275)

Corrosion is the deterioration or destruction of metals and alloys in the presence of an environment by chemical or electrochemical means. The phenomenon of corrosion behavior studies is three elements include economic, safety and maintenance. Pitting corrosion is a localized form of corrosion by which cavities or "holes" are produced interring the material layer surface. It's considered to be more dangerous than uniform corrosion damage because it is more difficult to detect, predict and design against. Pitting corrosion can produce pits with open holes or covered with a semi-permeable capsule of corrosion products. In this review, we study about the pitting corrosion mechanism and stages in the manufacture food equipment metals

A research  was  carried out in the lath house of the College of Agricultural Engineering sciences / University of Baghdad / Al-Jadriyah,  for three growth seasons Spring 2017, Fall 2017 and Spring 2018 to study the effect of different fertilization methods, were Fertigation (Ft) , Foliar application (Fa), traditional soil fertilization (Fo) and growth stimulant with two concentrations 0 (D0) and 1.5 mg.L^-1 (D1)  on the growth of local Citrus limon L. Saplings grafted on Citrus aurantium L. (So), C. volkameriana  (Vo), and Citrumello (Co). Saplings were cultivated in 10 kg plastic containers. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the Nested-Factorial Exp

This experiment was conducted to study the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some productive and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks, one day old Ross308, were wing-tagged and reared under conventional conditions. Blood samples were collected individually of all birds to study of ghrelin gene polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each groups sorted according to high, moderate and low growth rate to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. Result revealed that final body weight and weight gain were not significantly influenced by ghrelin gene , whereas body weight and weight gain of males and

This study was conducted to determine the description of Mn adsorption phenomena through adsorption isotherms in some calcareous soils at Sulaimani governorate. Soil samples were taken at 0-30 cm depth from five different agricultural locations. Duplicate 1 gm of soil samples were equilibrated at 298 and 318°K with 50 ml of 0.01M CaCl₂ containing (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40) mg Mn L^-1 as (MnSO₄. H₂O). The concentration of Mn determined in solution by using ICP-OES. The amount of Mn adsorbed by each soil samples was calculated. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, ΔS° were determined using adsorption data and concentration of Mn in equilibrium solution at two different temperatur

The aim of this research is to identify the role of the agricultural initiative and the supporting devices in the development of palm orchards in Diwaniyah and Muthanna provinces. The aims of the research a questionnaire was prepared consisting (62) items distributed over (7) roles. The provinces of Diwaniyah and Muthanna were chosen for conducting the research. The owners of palm orchards benefiting from the agricultural initiative in the development of palm orchards in the provinces of Diwaniyah and Muthanna were (623) borrowers: including (294) borrowers for the establishment of modern palm groves and (329) borrowers  for the development and service of existing palm orchards. A random sample 20% was selected from the rese

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of graphene nanoparticles on histopathological changes and clinical signs of common carp Cyprinus carpio. A total of 48 fish were used in the experiment with an average weight 68.44 g. Fish were exposed to graphene nanoparticles at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg / L for the T1 and T2 respectively, as well as to  control group (without graphene nanoparticles).  Fish exposed to graphene showed no abnormal behavior and no mortality satisfactory clinical signs in the experimental fish. Histopathological changes of gills showed fusion with shorting of the secondary lamellae, lifting up secondary lamellae beside necrosis and hyperplasia of the epithelial cells of sec

The present experiment was carried out at the Dept. of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah.  The aim of the study is to highlight the effect of the nozzle type, working pressure and their interaction onto droplet quality using knapsack sprayer to improve their performance. Droplet characteristics were sampled on white paper cards at different distances from the nozzle. On the samples spray deposits, spray coverage, droplet size, and volume median diameter was measured using BSF tracer with water after their deposit on the sample. The main studied parameters were: Six nozzle types hollow cone, Flat fan ceramic, flat fan ISO, CFA, AirMix and flat fan air induction nozzle. Two worki

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous liquorice extract (ALE) on the growth performance, carcass cuts and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens between hatch and 35 days of age. A total of 160-d old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, each with 4 replicates, 10 birds per replicate. Four different levels of aqueous liquorice (0, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9g) were administrated to a liter of drinking water and offered to the birds throughout the entire experimental period. Across the 35 days of trial, administration of ALE to the drinking water resulted in higher (P<0.05) body weight and weight gain. While, feed intake, water intake and FCR did not influence by ALE administrat

A field experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad .during 2016. to investigate  the genetic diversity for six genotype of snake melon Cucumis melo var. flexuosus  (Qutha ), cultivated in Iraq. These selected genotypes were collected from Iraq's Governorates (Baghdad, Sulaymaniyah, Mosul, Salahadeein, and Diyala )in addition to commercial genotype and designated as A,B,C,D,E, and F, respectively. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications Genetic diversity among the six selected genotype was studied utilizin

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, organic root stimulator and gibberellic acid on some growth characters of peach saplings cv. Red June for two consecutive seasons 2017-2018 at College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad. Different nitrogen (Urea 46%N) rates (0,50,75 gm) with three concentrations of organic stimulator (0,0.5,1 gm.L^-1) and two rates of Ga3 (0,50 mg.L^-1) were applied in a factorial scheme (3×3×2). Results revealed that the individual and interactive effect of applying nitrogen, root stimulator and GA3 significantly increased the studied characters, the interaction at N2D1G1 has improve

This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidant activity of mmthanol extracts from roasted and unroasted sesame seeds cake (RSC, URSC) and ethanol extracts from sesameccoat (SC) usingDDPPH and reducing power activity (RPA) assay. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of obtained extracts were done using RP-HPLC technique, the results revealed that the extracts were contained anti-oxidents(lignans ) sesamin ,ssesamolin andssesamol in different amounts Also the RPA of URSC extract at (10, 20, & 50 mg/ml) was similar to that ofbBHT , while that for RSC was similar to BHT at 30 mg/ml. Additionally, The RPA SC extract was comparable to that of BHT at ( 20 , 30  , and 50 mg/ml). It has been noticed that the radical scave

Fifteen local isolates of Pseudomonas were obtained from several sources such as soil, water and some high-fat foods (Meat, olives, coconuts, etc.). The ability of isolates to produce lipase was measured by the size of clear zone on Tween 20 solid medium and by measuring the enzymatic activity and specific activity. Isolate M3 (as named in this study) was found to be the most efficient for the production of the lipase with enzymatic activity reached 56.6 U/ml and specific activity of 305.94 U/mg. This isolate was identified through genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. and it was shown that the isolate M3 belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 99% similarity.&n

 Seventeen local isolates of Bacillus were isolated from soil to produce extracellular xylanase under submerged fermentation process by using xylan as carbon sole source. All isolates were subjected  to quantitative scanning to select the most efficient one. The highest activity of xylanase (2680u/ml) was obtained from isolate Bacillus sp RS1. The isolate identified by 16SrRNA gene sequence of Bacillus subtilis  ( accuracy of 99%)which was matched with sequence of Bacillus subtilis VBN25 that recorded in Genebank under the Accession Number of