This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of lead chloride on physiological and histopathological studies in Gambusia affinis . A total of 500 fish were collected from the bank of the river east of Mosul city. The fish in the aquarium were divided into five groups (control, acute exposure(20,25mg/l) and chronic exposure(5,10mg/l)). The bioaccumulation of lead in acute and chronic periods of exposure showed a significant difference in values between control and treatment. The greatest level was seen in the kidney of fish treated with lead dichloride at 10 mg/l for 30 days. The level of antioxidant Glutathione has a significant decrease in different kidneys of fish treated with pbcl₂ expos

The experiment was conducted at the University of Duhok's College of Agricultural Sciences. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups, three repetitions, and ten fish per replication in twelve plastic tanks (70 L), each tank receiving proper continuous aeration and cleaning on a daily basis. Positive Control (T2) was higher significantly in each of the Weight Gain, Daily Weight Gain, Relative Growth Rate, Feed Efficiency Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio, Fat Efficiency Ratio, Hepatic Index, Kidney Index, Lymphocytes (10^9/dl), Monocytes (10^9/dl), and Granulocytes (10^9/dl). T3 with 25 gm germinated lentil /kg was higher significantly in Intestine Le

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of adding ajwain seeds to the rations of the growing Ossimi ram lambs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen liquor fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 15 ram lambs, 5-6 months of age, were randomly allocated to the 3 treatments (5 lambs each). Lambs were fed a basal diet and regarded as a control group (T1), while the second (T2) and third (T3) treatments were fed on a basal diet plus 0.2 and 0.4 % of ajwain seeds respectively. At the end of the trial (150 days), three sheep from each treatment were used for a fourteen-day digestibility trial. Feed intake was similar for all groups. The treated groups exhibited higher (P<0

This study was conducted on 67 local doe goat, aged from 2-5 years old. The overall mean of TMY, DMY and lactation length of 1^st and 2nd flocks were (130.541 ± 7.403 kg, 0.716 ± 0.033kg, and 182.432 ± 4.112 day) and (164.043 ± 8.788 kg, 0.832 ± 0.043 kg, 197.027 ± 2.650 day), respectively. The flock, age of doe, doe coat color, month of kidding and type of birth have significant effect on TMY and DMY, doe in 2^nd flock production 33.502 and 0.116 kg milk/doe, respectively more than doe in 1^st flock. Doe of five years old yielded (181.878 ± 10.171 kg /doe) and (0.892 ± 0.044 kg /doe/day) more milk than young doe. Doe kidding in Januarys were consistently produced high significantly (p≤0.00

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONPs) concentrations and salicylic acid (SA) on growth characteristics and antioxidant defence from Cucurbita pepo L. callus culture in response to drought stress conditions. The study included two levels of drought induced by sorbitol (0 and 20 g l^-1), two concentration of SA (0 and 20 mg l^-1), and four concentrations of ZnONPs (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm). Drought stress by sorbitol showed negative effects on some characteristics of callus culture fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The exogenous SA showed a positive in most characteristics except for DW

This study was aimed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the supernatant of Weissella confusa UPM22MT04 and assess their effectiveness in inhibiting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An isolate of Weissella confusa UPM22MT04 was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Johor, Malaysia, and was utilized to synthesize ZnO-NPs. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized through several techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Monodisperse spherical ZnO-NPs of 1.7 - 7.9 nm were obtained with 0.1 M zinc nitrate at 80°C. Th

Indole mechanism as an interspecies signal particle to adjust various physiological actions, like virulence, antimicrobial and acid resistance. This study was aimed to use partial purified indole extracted from uropathogenic E. coli and study the cytotoxic effect on some cancer cell lines (A375, HepG2, PC3) and comparable with normal cell line (WRL- 68). Serial dilutions of natural and synthetic standard indole were tested (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/mL). The results show a low cytotoxic effect for both natural and synthetic indoles in HepG2 and A375 cell lines as well as this degree of cytotoxicity was obviously appeared in normal cell line WRL-68 with no significant differences among them. While, both in

Indole molecules as a signal has an important role in bacterial ecosystem, this study was aimed and conducted on the extraction and partial purification of indole from pathogenic E. coli and study several indole characterizations parameters compared with synthetic standard one. A total of 134 urine specimens and other stool 152 specimens were obtained from Al-Ramadi Hospitals, during the period from November / 2018 to March / 2019.The results show the percentage of isolated E. coli from Urinary tract infection was 100 (74.6%)/134, While 152 (100%)/ 152 are isolated from stool. Primary and secondary screening concluded, there are ten isolates are considered as the best in production of indole. The most producible

The bacterial ability to form biofilm had been complicated the infection healing process, due to antibiotic resistance. Urinary tract infection is an optimal example of such infections that caused by bacterial biofilms. So the current study aimed to find an alternative method to inhibit the uropathogenic bacteria using nanotechnology. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) was isolated from 110 clinical samples. These bacterial isolated were tested for their ability to form biofilm by two methods: Microtiter plate and congo red agar. Antibiotic susceptibility was detected to determine the multidrug-resistant isolates. An ecofriendly green method was depended for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using alcoholi

This study was aimed to investigate effect of soaking Polianthes tuberosa L. bulbs in Atonic solution and inoculation with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Glomus mosseae, and fertilizing with two levels (3% and 4%) of water hyacinths  Compost on some vegetative and floral growth characters of the Peral variety of tuberose plants in a Factorial experiment during spring season of 2022 using a randomized completely block design with three replicates. Tuberose bulbs were planted in black plastic bags containing 6 kg of a sandy loam soil. The results of the three-way interaction showed that the treatment of soaking with Atonic, inoculation with the combination of the biofertilizer, and fertilization wi

A field experiment was carried out at Rice Researches Station in Mashkhab, Najaf in 2020 and 2021 seasons to study the effect of cultivars and harvest date on some traits of rice yield. Randomized complete block design was applied within split-plot with four replications. Five cultivars of rice (Amber 33, Yasmin, Dijlah, Amber-albaraka and Furat 1) were distributed in the main plots and five harvest dates (harvest at physiological maturity and harvest after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of physiological maturity) in the sub-plots.  The results showed significant difference among cultivars, and superiority cultivars of Dijlah, Furat 1 and Yasmin in recording the highest yield due to its superiority in number of grains per panicle or

This study was investigate the effect of components media and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized in the laboratory on the induction of biomass and secondary metabolites  of calli cultures induced from the cotyledons of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. The culture media LS and B5 were tested with the growth regulators 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at a concentration of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg l^-1 and 6-benzyladenine (BA) at a concentration of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l^-1, with the aim of studying its effect on callus induction. In comparison, Ag-NPs were used at a concentration of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l^-1 to study its effect on the production of some secondary co

This study was aimed to identify efficiency  of recurrent  selection program to improve maize population. This program was applied to var. Buhooth 106 with var. 5012  Using RGCA  with the inbred Zm7 for the production of RSCA. The recurrent selection program was implemented for four consecutive seasons (2020 - 2021) at the Fields Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar. In the spring season 2020, 100 top crosses  were obtained from both varieties and progeny.  During the fall season 2020, an experiment was carried out to compare the top crosses of each variety RGC

 This study was aimed to investigate effect of some growth traits for two varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) to spraying vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin E (tocopherol), and arginine acid. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during the fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) within split plot arrangement with three replicates was used. The experiment included two factors, the first factor within the main plots represented two varieties of maize (Baghdad 3 and Sarah), while the second factor in the sub-plot represented spraying with vitamin E and B9 at concentrations o

This study was aimed to examin the effect of CuONPs on both seeds germination, seedling growth and comparing the method of soaking and adding to the culture medium, The research was implemented at PTC. Lab. College of Biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during 2022 and 2023. The experimental design was factorial within CRD. It was included five experments and ten replicates (4X3). first experment  was by using Sodium Hypochlorite (0.0, 1, 2 and 3%) with (5, 10, 15min) duartion time. The second experment was CuONPs (0, 25, 50, 75mg,L‾¹ ) combined with (3,6,9 and 12 day) Time duration, same factors wre examined after soaking seeds with CuONPs which represented the third experment, fourth and fifth experments soaked befor

This study was aimed to investigate the multi-criteria Analysis based on the geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the most suitable spatial locations for harvesting solar energy in Iraq. Some of the required criteria and conditions, whether technical, environmental, or economic criteria, have been used. In order to identify the suitability of different regions, 6 defined criteria, including solar radiation, distance from power transmission lines, distance from major roads, distance from residential area, elevation, slope, and land use, are identified. The final map of priority of different locations of Iraq for solar energy harvesting is then created by stacking these criteria layers. It has been found that the entir

This study was aimed to produce a biosurfactant from Lactococcus sp. and study its synergistic effects with some standard antibiotics. Lactococcus sp. HN21 isolate was selected for its highly biosurfactant production and antibacterial activity. It was identified by 16s r RNA as Lactococcus lactis HN21. Optimum conditions for production were studied and it was: Modified M17 media (M17 media with some modifications in its composition) at ph 6.5, for 96 hrs incubation time. The E24% at these conditions was 77%. FTIR and GC-MS results identified the produced biosurfactant as glycolipopeptide with a major fatty acid octadecenoic acid. P. aeruginosa was successfully

MicroRNAs are non-coding gene regulators that may serve as systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. This study was aimed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1140713) of microRNA-126 and its expression by using PCR and qRT-PCR techniques. This research involved 100 womenwith SLE with a mean age of 32.85±9.992 years they were obtained from Baghdad city (medical city, Baghdad Hospital)/Iraq, along with 100 healthy controls with a mean age of 31.68±8.308 years. The mean score on the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2k) was 10.860.±3.275  and a disease duration was 9.00 years, (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, urea, and creatinine w

This study was aimed to extract, purify and characterize the pancreatic elastase from the Catfish (silurus trioseegus) digestive duct. Different extraction solutions were used to optimize the extraction condition being (Distilled water, 200 mM NaCl, Phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 8), the latter buffer Tis-HCl (100 mM, pH 8) both  containing 0-100 mM NaCl or CaCl₂ separately). Tris-HCl buffer containing 100 mM CaCl₂ was the best among the rest extraction solutions. The crude extract was precipitated using a 30 % - 55 % of ammonium sulfate saturation ratio. The crude precipitate was dissolved in the same buffer and dialyzed. Then the dialyzed preci

This study aimed to evaluate biosurfactant production and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from some agricultural fields to detect the relationship of these isolates traits with some heavy metals resistance. Bacterial isolates were screened for biosurfactant production through blood hemolysis, oil spreading, emulsification activity, and surface tension. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined using disk diffusion method. Then, identification of the selected isolates and subjected to gradient concentrations of heavy metals to determine the minimum

This study was amied to investigate morphological  characteristics of pollen grains  and fruits for eleven species belonging to the tribe Brassiceae of cruciferae family, species are: Brassica rapa L , Braasica deflexa Boiss. ,Brassica nigra (L.) brassica juncea(L.), Brassica tournefortii Gouan, Brassica oleracea L.,  sinapis arvensis L., Hirschfeldia incana(L.) ,Savignya paraflora(Del.) ,Raphanus sativus L. ,Eurca sativa Mill., pollen grains were studied morphologically and  all dimentions were recorded. The result of this study  showed that most pollen grains are tricolpate ,their size varied between small ,medium

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of spraying nano chitosan loaded with NPK fertilizer and nettle leaf and green tea extracts on the growth and productivity of potato for the spring and fall seasons of 2021.It was conducted at private farm in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, as a factorial experiment (5 × 5) within randomized complete block design using three replicates. The first factor included spraying with four concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with NPK fertilizer 0, 10. 15 and 20% in addition to chemical fertilization treatment, the second factor was spraying nettle leaf extract 25 and 35 gL^-1 and green tea extract with 2 and 4 g.L^-1, in addition to the control treatment, spraying with

This experiment was carried out at a private field in the eastern Radwaniyah Baghdad for the fall season 2020/2021 and spring 2021 to study the effects of adding mineral fertilizers, spraying salicylic acid and amino acids on some growth traits and yield of industrial potato plants. 200 kg N h^-1 , 100 kg P₂O₅ h^-1, 100 kg K₂O h^-1 and F₂ consist of 275 kg N h^-1, 180 kg P₂O₅ h^-1, 200 K₂O h^-1 and F₃ consist of 350 kg N h^-1, 360 kg P₂O₅ h^-1, 300 K₂O h^-1 and salicylic acid in three conc

A field experiment was conducted during fall season 2021-2022 In order to study the effect of soil as an agricultural medium, organic fertilizers (Vermecompost, cow manure) and foliar spraying of silicon and calcium on skin, bark and cambium ring thickness of three beetroot varieties (Red, Dark Red, and Cylindra). Seeds directly sown in the fields of Station A College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya campus- Within RCBD a split-plot experiment, where the cultivars were the main unites, organic fertilizer, and foliar spray as the subunits, with three replicates, the number

The study was conducted us to identify the genetic features of the microsatellite markers CSSM66 and ETH10 and ILSTS34 and their relationship to genetic diversity and productive performance  this study was carried  out using 100 cows of five breeds presented in Iraq ; Restaki (n=10) , Janoubi (n=10) , Sharabi (n=10) , (local), Holstein (n=50) and  male Brahman (n=20) (imported).The results showed the presence of a very high diversity and a highly significant difference in a sample of studied cows in the allele distribution ratios for the three markers, the results showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) superiority of the genotype LY within the ETH10 marker in the least number of inseminatons required for fertilizat

This study was conducted to identify the genetic diversity of microsatellite markers CSSM66, ETH10 and ILSTS34 using 100 cows of several breeds distributed as follows: 30 local Iraqi cows (equally divided into Restaki, Janoubi and Sharabi) as well as  50 Holstein cows (German) and 20 Brahman bulls after amplification in PCR reaction, 16 alleles of ETH10, CSSM66 and ILSTS34 markers were detected in a sample of studied cattle and they were 7, 6 and 5 alleles, respectively. The total Shannon (I) was 1.5400, and it was found that the average value of Obs_Hom is smaller than the average value of Exp_Het, being 0.2600 and 0.7544, respectively. This indicates the presence of high genetic heterogeneity or diversity among cows. The avera

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding glycerol at different levels (T1 = control treatment without glycerol, T2 = 75 ml and T3 = 150 ml glycerol) on daily milk yield, milk components and some blood parameters of Holstein cows during the period of 60 days. Milk yield increased significantly (P≤0.05) at 15^th day of the experiment, and highly significant (P≤0.01) at 30^th and 60^th days of the experiment in T3 group. Percentage of milk protein and lactose increased (P≤0.01) in T2 and T3 groups and the percentage of milk fat in the T3 group decreased at day 60 of the experiment. The blood glucose concentration increased (P≤0.01) in T2 and T3 groups at 30 and 60 days of th

This study was aimed to assess the impact of genetic groups (comprising three distinct lines of Kurdish quails, which are desert, brown, and white), graded levels of L-carnitine and their interaction on the performance of growth traits and blood parameters. For this purpose, the same basic diet was given to 480 Kurdish quail chicks one day old, which was then supplemented for two to seven weeks of age with 0 (control), 150, 350, or 550 mg of L-carnitine per kg of diet. The statistical analysis showed that the lines, L-carnitine supplementation, and their interaction had a significant (p≤0.01) impact on the Kurdish quail's blood parameters, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight, and body weight gain. The desert lines e

This research was aimed to investigate effect of the convection conditions resulted from surface heating at different weather condition on movement track of radiosonde. Data used in this study divided to surface local weather from Baghdad airport station and reanalysis weather surface data from European center medium weather forecast (ECMWF) that contain also advance parameter parameters such as sensible heat flux and boundary layer height and other, all have large accurate spatial distribution inside and outside Baghdad province. Third type data from radiosonde used to observed atmospheric upper layer through selected days from winter season (January month) and summer season (July month) all at time 12AM. Software installed in r

In this study, 25 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were diagnosed in 160 clinical samples collected from patients attending the Tuberculosis Institute/ Medical city and Al-Muhmodia Public Hospital, in addition to a number of private laboratories in Baghdad during the period from September 2020 to February 2021. The bacterial isolates from clinical samples were biochemically diagnosed by API® 20E system then further identified by VITEK 2 system. P. aeruginosa represented the most prevalent bacteria in lower respiratory tract specimens. These isolates showed moderate to high susceptibility towards 11 antimicrobial agents tested in this study except that of ceftazi