This study aimed to assess the nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The parameters were nutritional components, phytochemical content, and aAntioxidant activity. K. alvarezii exhibited substantial nutritional value, with notable protein (15.3%) and carbohydrate (60.0%) content, along with essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant levels of polyphenols (20.0 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (5.5 mg QE/g), and tannins (3.0 mg CE/g), as well as noteworthy saponin (1.2%) and alkaloid (0.9%) contents. Antioxidant assays demonstrated strong activities, w

This research aimed to study the impact of the reciprocal cross and heterosis phenomena on numerous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) characteristics. Fifty-one different traits were measured, including leaf, shoot, root, flower, fruit, yield and yield components, and physiochemical characteristics. The results showed that reciprocal crosses, such as plant mass, petal length, cone length, pistil length, fruit width, fruit length, single fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, seed and placenta weight, number of fruits locules, fruit calyx weight, number of days to flower, total sugar, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic concentration, significantly influenced various traits. In addition, the results showed t

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021 and spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg⁺⁺ a

This study was aimed to demonstrate effect of adding some Bio-fertilizers,Nile flower peat fertilizer and spraying with its extract on growth and yield of potato, Tow field experiment at spring and fall season2022 was carried out Horticulture Development Station  in the kut district of the Directorate of Agriculture ofWasit Governorate The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4×3×2) within randomized complete block design with three replicates, The  First factor included the addition of biofertilizers (M) ,which is M₀-without adding , M₁- added the Mycorrhizae

 This experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 season in private nursery. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of foliar spraying with polyamine and iron sulphate on growth and flowering of the snapdragon plant, Antirrhinum majus L. The experiment focused on two factors. The first factor involved foliar spraying with polyamine at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg.L^-1, The plants were treated with polyamine through two rounds of spraying, 15 and 25 days after planting. The second factor involved foliar spraying with iron sulphate at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g.L^-1 through two rounds 15 and 25 days after planting. The study followed a factor experiment

This study aimed to determine whether zinc methionine supplements have a beneficial effect on the immune response in broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND). A total of 120 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups. G1 were fed a basal diet and kept as a negative control G2 and G3 were fed 90 mg/kg of zinc methionine in a basal diet. The two groups were vaccinated with killed and live NDV groups 2 and 3 respectively.  Group 3 consisted of chickens vaccinated with live ND vaccine in drinking water, while Group 4 consisted of chickens fed with zinc methionine supplementation 90 mg/kg of basal diet, but not vaccinated (positive control). G5 and G 6 consisting of chickens were vaccinated as mentioned in G2 an

This study explored the effect of different reproductive stages on some blood metabolic biomarkers of the show and racehorse mares in Iraq. We selected eighteen show mares and fifteen racehorse mares and divided them into three categories: last month of pregnancy, post-foaling, and first month of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected twice via jugular venipuncture, and blood biochemical metabolic biomarkers were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) and high liquid chromatography (HPLC). A significant (P≤0.05) increase was observed for the concentration of serum glucose and creatine of pregnant show horse mares in the last month compared to the remaining stages. Serum fatty acid concentrations were numerically higher in the la

Electrospun Whey protein membranes reinforced with electrospun chromium oxide nanofibers were utilized for the packaging of beef burger, which were subsequently frozen and stored for 3 months. The chromium oxide nanofibers were incorporated into the membranes at two concentrations 6, 8 %. The study exhibited promising results for the electrospun nanofibers, as their addition contributed to reducing the total bacterial count, psychrophilic bacterial count, and coliform count during the storage period, at both concentrations: 4.89 × 10³, 4.36 × 10³, 3.28 × 10¹, 2.48 × 10³, and 2.79 × 10³ colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g), respectively. Meanwhile, the moisture, protein,

Agrivoltaic systems, which integrate agricultural production with solar energy generation, present a promising approach to ecological sustainability. This study focuses on predicting chili harvests within an agrivoltaic setup using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with transfer learning. Accurate yield prediction is vital for optimizing both agricultural output and energy generation. The study evaluates three pre-trained CNN models—EfficientNetV2L, EfficientNetV2M, and ResNet 50—fine-tuned with specific agrivoltaic data. The experimental setup includes a solar-powered greenhouse with IoT-controlled micro-climate management to ensure optimal growing conditions. The models were selected based on their high accuracy in Keras

This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of land for irrigated wheat cultivation in the Ali Al-Gharbi area in Maysan Governorate.A semi detailed soil survey was conducted covering an area of 77244.66 hectares. 15 pedons were described and 40 surface samples were collected. The study area included three physiographic units: the riverbed unit, the river basin unit, and the depressions unit. Land suitability assessment was conducted following the methodologies outlined by Sys et al., 1993, and the approach proposed by Al-Rubaie )10(. This evaluation encompassed soil characteristics, topography, and irrigation water needs. The results indicated that the determining factor for wheat cultivation is soil salinity an

Alsweira research farm (44.823410 and 44.823040 N, 33.012701 and 33.012090 E) of an area of 5000 Da., was selected to conduct the UAV’s photogrammetry interpretation to delineate and separate soil units at the series level in collaboration with the measured RGB vegetation indices derived from their data. Visual interpretation of mosaic and the vegetation indices efficiently eased the delineation process of soil series map. RGB indices measured form UAV’s imagery were efficient in delineating soil units, and they showed significant relationships with above ground biomass where the later is representing the vegetation cover in the study area. NGRDI, ExG, NExG, and RGBVI showed high correlation with above ground biomass (g m

This research investigates the biochemical profile, antioxidant properties, and antigenotoxic activity of red seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) extract on micronuclei formation in peripheral blood erythrocytes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a methomyl-based pesticide. Results revealed a diverse phytochemical profile in the red seaweed extract, with the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, quinine, phytosteroids, flavonoids, and phlobtannins. GC-MS analysis identified compounds such as Heptadecane, Neophytadine, Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, and Adipic acid in the sample. The antioxidant

The current study aim to evaluating the composting in bins for organic fraction municipal solid waste and tracking the changes in physio-chemical and microbial characteristics such as Temperature, pH, C/N ratio and total viable count, total streptomyces, total coliform and pathogenic microorganisms as total Salmonella Shigella count. Seven treatments were used in research into the quick composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Two Composting bins contained municipal solid waste (MSW) mixed with animal and poultry manure (3:1), (2:1), waste mixture (2:1:1), and agricultural waste mixed waste. On the first day of composting, the pH was slightly acidic, then increased to alkaline, as EC . Microbiological

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of blue panic (Panicum antidotale Retz.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth around palm trees on insect pests. Four experimental treatments were employed to develop fodder around date palms in the field: alfalfa, blue panic, combination of alfalfa and blue panic, and a palm monoculture without any fodder. Each treatment consisted of six replications, resulting in a total of 24 date palms examined. Insect pests were collected monthly utilizing light and pitfall traps from January to December 2020. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of fodder treatments on the number of pests collected. Additionally, an ANOVA with repeated measures was

 This study was aimed to obtain morphometric parameters of Duhok watershed evaluated through three aspects. The area was located at Duhok governorate with covers 394.87Km². Depending on stream orders, ten of sub-watersheds were extracted from the main watershed. Furthermore, Duhok watershed stream orders ranged from 1 to 6, as well as the total number of segmented stream reported for the total number of orders was (4175). The results of the current study indicate the Duhok watershed has a high relief ratio (0.026 m/km) and relative relief (0.95) which refers to steep slopes and excessive runoff. The ruggedness value is (4.09) indicates the study region is rugged w

The objective of the study was to enhance the survivability of Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 29521) and investigate their resistance to some extreme conditions following its microencapsulation with alginate, chitosan, and olibanum gum. The study's findings showed that the use of olibanum gum in the first and second layers with alginate and chitosan protected the bacteria against various forms of pasteurization, as well as against extremely acidic conditions and high bile salt concentrations. After 28 days of storage at 4°C, the bacteria coated with the using of olibanum gum in the first

This study was aimed to prepared new polymeric coverings reinforced by the naturally occurring pigment anthocyanins and investigate their biological efficacy when combined with certain drugs against specific kinds of microbe’s pathogens. FT-IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify the active groups of the anthocyanin pigment, which were situated the functional groups of anthocyanin in contrast to crystalline compounds, X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination also revealed the production of irregularly constituted compounds. Furthermore, all derivative compounds were had high inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, as well as against the fungus Candida albicans in different conce

The current study aimed to identify the effect of adding different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of carrot green parts powder (CGP) into biscuit and cake mixes on final products qualitative and sensory characteristics. The chemical analysis showed that the protein, ash, and fiber contents for wheat flour and for CGP were (10.64%, 0.88%, and 0.48%) and (16.4%, 19.4%, and 18.65%) respectively.  While for the final products the percentages of protein and ash ranged from (10.36% -12.80% protein, 1.03%-1.53% ash) for cake treatments and (13.00 % -20.00% protein, 0.92%-1.43%ash) for biscuits treatments respectively. There was no significant variation among the width averages of biscuit treatments. The highest value for b

This research was conducted to detect some of the allelopathic chemical class in plant residues of nine cultivars of sunflower, including Zahret Al-Iraq, Luleo, Turkie, Al-Isaqi 1, Al-Isaqi 2, Tarzan, Akmar, Shumoos, and Sin Al-Theeb, using appropriate chemical reagents. Some of these chemical were furthered analysed  for their content of allelopathic comopounds using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, steroids and flavonoids the plant residues of the test sunflower cultivars. Concentrations of glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids were measured, were found to be highter in Shumo

This study was aimed to examine the suppressive effects of Stachys byzantine leaf methanolic extracts on cancer cell lines and pathogenic microbes. Five concentrations of S. byzantine methanolic extract, from 25 to 400 µg/ml, were applied to HepG1 and HCT116 cells. S. byzantine methanolic extracts inhibited liver and colon cancer cell viability at different concentrations. The MTT assay results demonstrated that the extract’s IC-50 values for HepG1 were 271.61µg/ml and for HCT116 was 184.86µg/ml. The methanolic extracts obtained from S. byzantine showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The extract inhibited Staph

This study was aimed to mitigate the issue of drought in potato production and quality using number of sustainable strategies. The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irrigation interval (I) prolonged irrigation interval (D), fungal biofertilizers (D

This study presents a detailed morphology and taxonomic study of Polysiphonia subtilissima collected from Abdul Rehman Goth, Karachi coast, Pakistan. Polysiphonia is a filamentous heterotrichous red algae, characterized by its branching structures and attachment mechanisms. P. subtilissima is notable for its broad salinity tolerance and wide distribution across marine and freshwater ecosystems. This research provides an in-depth examination of the internal and external structures of P. subtilissima, contributing to its systematic study and documenting its first recorded occurrence in Pakistani coastal areas, bordering the northern Arabian Sea. The findings enhance the understanding of the speci

Deploying drones in agriculture improves resource management and crop monitoring by providing real-time data on insect infestations, plant growth, soil conditions, and irrigation requirements. This study highlights the weather hazards for launching and flying agricultural drones in Iraq. The ten most popular drones for agriculture were chosen, and the weather limitations were determined. Hourly climate data (wind speed, temperature, precipitation, and visibility) in file format NetCDF were used for the period 2004–2023. The Python programming language was used to perform analyses on climate data and calculate the percentage of flight ban frequency due to weather hazards during the study period. Using ArcGIS v.10.8, maps were cr

This study was aimed to isolate and identify fungi contaminating raisin samples and evaluate the effectiveness of bacteria in inhibiting fungal growth and reducing toxin levels. The isolation results the fungus A. flavus was the most frequent and appeared in the samples, reaching 54.5 and 44.4%, respectively. The results showed that all isolates of A. flavus had the ability to produce aflatoxin B1, as confirmed by the ammonia vapor test. The isolate with the highest toxin production was identified through nucleotide sequences deposited in the World Genomic Organization's Gene Bank under accession number OR192858. The results demonstrated the ability of the live bacteria

This study was initiated to examine the tomato-infecting viruses belonging to the Tobamovirus and Potexvirus genera in Iraq. Field observations and surveys were carried out for three successive cropping seasons (2020/21 to 2022/23) in selected tomato production areas. The purpose was to identify the main viruses associated with tomato epidemics and assess the impact of different tomato cultivars on disease occurrence. A total of 700 tomato leaf samples were collected from seven governorates (Baghdad, Diyala, Babylon, Najaf, Kerbala, Nasiriya, and Basrah) and tested using pathogen-specific immunostrip kits. The survey showed a presence of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), Tobacco mosaic virus

This study aimed to evaluate the sustainable efficiency and calculate the sustainable value, opportunity cost and revenue to cost of potato production farms in Baghdad Governorate. Data were collected from a random sample of 102 spring potato producers in Baghdad governorate for the year 2022, the value-added function was estimated using three levels: economic (seeds and space), and social (education level), while environmental represented by (residual and volatile of nitrogen). Effective resources were calculated to extract the sustainability value- SV appeared on an average of 18023.15 thousand Iraqi dinars. Positive relationship with residual nitrogen and productivity, and Inv

This research aimed to reduce the effect of the urban heat island phenomenon during the early evening hours to provide the best thermal comfort for the large numbers of visitors of the two holly shrines in Karbala. To achieve the study goal, the research carried out its practical side by using the environmental simulation program, ENVI- met, where it prepared two models for the study area, one of them is a model that simulates the reality, and the other is a model proposed by the research, in which the area was planted with a type of shade-giving trees to provide the highest possible shading rate in the area in an attempt to reduce the phenomenon of the urban heat island in the evening. The research concluded tha

An experiment was carried out at one of the fields located south of Baghdad during the 2024 agricultural season to study the water requirements of two cultivars of okra, a local cultivar (Batra) and an Egyptian cultivar (Lahloba) under the effect of the previous crop compared with the absence of residues. The factorial experiment included the crop cultivar and the presence or absence of previous crop residues. The characteristics studied for these two factors and their interactions were the water requirement of the okra crop, water productivity, germination speed, plant height, number of leaves, and fresh pod yield. The presence of crop residues led to a decrease in water consumption by the crop (mm) and conseque

Bacterial vaginosis, also known as BV, is a condition that is frequently associated with vaginal inflammation and can be caused by changes in the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiome. It is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. The goal of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance and the role of some virulence genes of E. coli isolates in the vaginosis of non-pregnant women (16–45 years old) as well as the stool of the same patient. A total of 160 samples were collected (130 vaginal swab samples and 30 samples from the stool). All isolates have been identified by MacConkey and Eosin methylene blue media, biochemical tests, and PCR detection of the UidA g

This study was aimed to investigate a comprehensive methodology and its ensuing results for identifying potential sites for wind power plants (WPPs) and solar photovoltaic plants (SPVPs) across Tunisia, a crucial step given the significant long-term investment these plants entail. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and underpinned by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research meticulously weighs and maps various site-specific criteria essential for site suitability assessment. The results indicate that approximately 1183 km² (1.8% of Tunisia's total area) and 2533 km² (3.7%) are optimally suited for large-scale SPVPs and WPPs, respectively. the prime locat