The research aims to study and identify the most important economic and social factors affecting the marketing surplus of wheat farms in Baghdad Province  for the agricultural season 2023 using the regressive regression model. The data were obtained through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and the study relied mainly on the raw data of a random sample of a total of 150 wheat farmers in the province distributed over the various agricultural units of Baghdad Province. Results showed that the marketing surplus of the wheat in Baghdad province is sold through three channels; the first is marketing to the state by 57%, the second is marketing to wholesal

Hyoscyamus niger have the main pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids and glycosides in their tissues. The study aimed to enhance the biosynthesis of these compounds by tissue culture techniques. Callus cultures were established from leaf explants on MS medium. Three chemical salts were added separately in different concentrations to the culture medium to evaluate their effects on callus growth and content of pharmaceutical compounds. The results demonstrate that copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) decreased callus weights, while the aluminum (Al) did not exhibit any significant effects, compared to the control treatment. However, the HPLC assay proved that the chemical stress cause

The approach of the Green and Ampt (1911) for describing water entry into unsaturated porous media was critically appraised .Theoritical revision was made of a previous mathematical approach, to give it complete rigor in describing   water flow for rectangulary abrupt water content profile. Rigorous rederivation of this equation yielded a straightforward and complete interpretation of the suction head at the wet front t_w. The suction head t_w at the wet front is given as the integral of the suction-head- t dependent hydraulic conductivity function K (t) with the upper limit of the integral being the suction head t₀ at the initial water content q₀. Furthermore, t_w is shown to

This study was aimed ot investigate, hybrid vigor and combining ability in some traits of okra.  to during  2021 and 2022 seasons, at private field located in the Mahmoudiya district of Baghdad, using the 7-line × 3 tester method. In the second season, the genotypes (parents and hybrids) were compared  in varietal trait  using  Randomized Complete Block  Design ( RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed significant differences among the parents and crosses for most of studied traits. Hybrids O4×O2 and O10×O3 emerged as standouts, achieving the highest yield in the  plastic house, with yields 927.80 kg and 892.60 kg, respectively. Hybrids O5×O1, O6×O2, and O8×O3 produced the highest numb

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between broiler strain, slaughter age, and post-chill (PC) aging duration in terms of measurable meat quality parameters. Two hundred fifty Hubbard on one day old chicks classic and two hundred fifty Lohman were bread in a commercial setting. Each strain had half of its broiler chicks slain at 32 days of age and the other half at 42 days of age. A total of 168 bodies (84 Hubbard and 84 Lohman) were selected at random on each day of processing, with each strain being divided into 28 groups and aged for 0, 4, and 24 hours. Each strain had a comparable average weekly body weight. Hubbard strain animals demonstrated greater feed conversion ratios during weeks two and thre

A field experiment was conducted at Unifert Research Station Yousfiah Center of Iraq during spring of 2015 by grafting five cucumber hybrids named Mayadine, Ghazeer, Najim, Emparator and Beit Alpha on the rootstock ES101 (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata) used the hole Insertion technique. The experiment content 10 treatments which were the grafted and ungrafted hybrids using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that grafted Emparator (C4G) gave asignificans increase in the number of leaves (124.20 leaf.plant^-1), leaf area (1.85 m²), chlorophyll leaf content (603.0 mg.100 g^-1), plant dry weight (191.7

This study was undertaken to figure out the relationship between some biochemical characteristics in seminal plasma with the semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Semen was diluted with the Tris extender and divided based on the sperm cell's individual motility into two groups. The first group included good-semen quality (GS; n=3), whereas, the second group included poor-semen quality (PS; n=5). The differences between GS and BS groups in all seminal biochemical attributes lacked significance.  A negative and significant (P≤0.05) correlation coefficient was noticed between cholesterol concentration and both principal and terminal sperms abnormality (r= -0.52), and total abnormalities (r= -0.53).

This research was aimed to study the impact of modern technologies represented by (High-productivity improved seeds, fertilizer of leaves, Atlantis pesticide) on increasing production both quantitatively and qualitatively. The importance of the research comes from take a set of programs and use some modern technologies in order to increase the productivity of the donum for the purpose of vertical increase of production per unit area. The problem of the research was the low rate of wheat crop productivity for Iraq compared to global productivity rates, and given the importance of achieving self-sufficiency in wheat from local production due to the decreasing globa

This research was aimed to study the results of the application of agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with such legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the agricultural policy steps in Iraq. The results showed that the variable of providing loans increases the probability of farmers’ commitment to the governmental agricultural plan to a large extent, amounting to about (28.7), and the variable of the sale price of the crop to the state has an impact on the probability of commitment to the plan at a degree of (1.02) greater than the chances of non-compliance with the agricultural plan, as well as the variable value of the returns achieved under The existence

The aim of the current study is to compare total lipid profile of Cyprinus carpio reared in earthen ponds and wild fish (river). A total of 80 fish samples were collected from these  locations for the period from November-December 2020 and divided into three weight groups ( W1 , less than 500 g ;W2, 500-1000g  and W3 , more than 1000g). Results of present study showed that the total cholesterol content ranged between 17.69-21.63mg\100g in W3 and W1 respectively in river fish, while in pond fish ranged between 22.08-23.59mg\g in W2 and W3 respectively. High density lipoprotein in river fish ranged between 5.84-12.21mg\g in W3 and W1 respectively, in pond fish ranged between 11.18-12.92mg\g in W2

This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variations of Oat cultivars under in sufficient of irrigation. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of with  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences ;University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya during 2020-2021 seasons. The experiment was carried out using a Completely Block designwithin split-plot arrangement using three replicates under two treatments (verities and irrigation intervals). The main plots were irrigation intervals with moisture(50%, 25%, and 10%), while sub-plots were the varieties (Genzania, Anatolia, Plmula, Algoda, and Al-Shifa).The results showed that the third irrigation level had 75% flowering at highest averages93.67 days , and the V4 variety had

This study was aimed to determine the influence of performing primary tillage by moldboard plow and planting operation by four rows Gaspardo planter on some performance and economic indicators of Armatrac tractor 854e 84 hp (62kw).  The system calculates and measures slippage percentage, draft force, energy requirements, and total costs for planting and tillage operation at three practical velocities and two depths. Planting operation performed at 5 and 7 cm depth under 2.90, 4.27, and 5.28 km.h^-1. while ploughing operation performed at 15 and 20 cm tillage depth under 3.89, 5.28, and 6.67 km.h^-1. Two factorial experiments were carried out using randomized complete block design with two

REFERENCES

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2. Al-Chalabi, F. 2003. 'Biological response to wheat as control of the weeds diclofop-mathy herbicide alternating with the herbicide 2.4-D and the effect in the bio', Iraqi Agric. Sci., 24(1), 84-110
3. Al-Chalabi, F. T. and H. S. M. Al-Agidi, 2010. 'weed compettetion effect on wheat cultivares and its impact on growth characterstics ', Anbar journal od agricultural sciences 8(4), : 12
4. Ali, K. A., M. H. Qadir, S. O.

The research was conducted at the Animal Farm of the University of Baghdad's College of Veterinary Medicine to assess the effect of dietary grind seeds of Sumac and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes(EFE) on some  productive and haematological traits of Awassi male lambs from the period 1/2/2021 to 1/6/2021. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs with 3-4 months of age, and  divided into four groups based on body weight . Dietary treatments were as following: G1 (control) equal nourished  concentrate diet at the rate of 2.5% body weight (B.W) with alfalfa hay daily, G2 was fed on the similar diet as control group and was given 15g/head  dried grind seeds

Over the course of two winter periods, researchers at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, studied the effects of covering wheat (the Al-Furat variety) and “vitamins B9” (“folic acid”) and E “(tocopherol)” on a number of growth traits. Three independent trials were conducted utilizing a factorial design within a Randomized Complete Block Design. The first component was folic acid at 0, 250, and 500 mg L^-1; the second component was vitamin E at 0, 1, and 2 ml L^-1. At the start of the tillering and flowering stages, both vitamins were applied. All measured characteristics (plant height, flag leaf area, total tiller count, plant dry w

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid on productive performance, blood biochemistry and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatments with 4 replications, 16 chicks per replicate. Treatments were arranged as follow: control group was left without any additive, whereas group 2-4 supplemented with 1, 1.5 and 2 mL of chlorogenic acid per litter of drinking water respectively. Results of this study showed that the body weight gain of birds received chlorogenic acid significantly increased when compared to control group. Lowest feed intake (P<0.05) was recorded for the birds received 1.5ml of chlorogenic acid than ot

The lack of a sensitive diagnostic test for trypanosomasis in animals may hamper epidemiological data and control program implementation. This study aimed to detection of Trypanosoma evansi in rabbits that experimentally infected by this parasite which identified from camels of iraq by polymerase chain reaction. A study was conducted on 24 males rabbit divided into two groups (12 rabbits for each group). The first group was injected intra peritoneal (i/p) with 0.5 ml containing 1x10⁵ trypanosome. The second group injected with distilled water and considered as control. At 7 and 10 days post infection, blood sample were collected from these rabbits. White blood cells count was conducted after 14 and 28 days pos

Two field factorial experiments were carried out at (Grda-rasha and Grdmala) fields in Erbil Governorate - Kurdistan Region-Iraq during the growing season of 2019-2020. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Nano and mineral fertilizers on quality and some medical properties of two flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars with a randomized complete block design using 3 replicates. The first factor included seven fertilization treatments (control, Kcl, Urea, Agriculture Sulfur, Triple Super Phosphate, Super Nano-fertilizer, and Nano-NPK), the second factor was Libra and Brazowe flax cultivars. The fertilizer treatments significantly affected natural product properties. The highest value of mucilage (30.70

This study was aimed to estimate the domestic demand function on tea imports in Iraq using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) for co-integration during the period 1990-2020.The data are verified for stationary by using unit root tests basis on Augmented Dickey - Fuller Test. The existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among tea import quantity, current prices of tea and coffee buying, gross national income, and number of buyers is proved using bounds test method to co-integration. Results of estimating short and long-run models of the demand of tea imports by using the unrestricted error correction approach showed that the error correction parameter is adjusted annually by 140%. Results of estimating price e

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower)

This study aimed to identify the pollution extent in the Tigris River within Baghdad city by applying the Overall index of Pollution (OIP). Monthly water samples were collected from five sites along the Tigris River during the wet and dry seasons of 2020-2021. Eleven parameters were selected to conduct the study; Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Total Hardness, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Biochemical oxygen demand, and Total Coliform. The OIP ranges from 2.46 to 1.96 in the dry season and 2.02 to 1.91 in the wet season. Results revealed that Tigris River water is categorized from slightly polluted to acceptable according to OIP classification. The current study's finding lies in

The experiment was conducted during 1/4/2020-7/31/2020 to study the effect of adding high levels of nano-zinc oxide with the diet to induce force molting in laying hens by measuring some productivite traits. Eighty laying hens, 69 weeks old were used, randomly divided into four treatments, five replicates for each treatment using CRD.  Experimental treatments were: first treatment (T1), second treatment (T2), third treatment (T3) and fourth treatment (T4), which means control treatment without molting, adding 10, 15, and 20 gm of nano-zinc oxide / kg feed respectively. Results showed significant decreases (P<0.01) in egg production and almost ceased  in the 2nd and 3rd week after start molting. Egg production increas

The main aim of this study is to highlight how the Alana River Basin (ARB) will meet future water needs and optimal monthly water distribution policies. The Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model was applied in order to determine the ARB and the operation plan policy using data for the past 16 years (2000-2015). The model result determined that the current regulations and practices regarding water use and pollution patterns are inadequate. An ideal scheme has been developed and implemented for various scenarios such as domestic water needs, irrigation water, and tourism. Four scenarios have been considered in this study, which are basic scenarios, a higher population growth scenario, a severe flow requirements scenario

This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of Human Leukocyte Antigens- G (HLA-G) gene polymorphisms on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, blood samples were collected from 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 100 healthy controls. Serum levels of HLA-G in both patients and controls were measured using ELISA kit which was shown a higher significant differences (p< 0.05) in comparison between them (539.3 ng/ml and 139.3ng/ml) respectively.  The frequency of the allele and genotypes in the patient groups and control groups were determined using  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for 14 bp polymorhisms in exon 8 (rs66554220) while direct sequencing analysis was done to dete

This research aims to identify the financial feasibility of some agricultural activities benefiting from the initiative's lending funds, as well as to show the impact of the agricultural initiative on those projects in terms of raising the financial feasibility of their establishment, in the light of the results of the evaluation criteria addressed in the research. Between the years 2009-2011, the financial accounts of the projects were monitored until 2018 to obtain cash flows for the studied projects. Some projects, despite their high investment costs, have been shown to be able to recover the funds invested in a relatively short period of time, and feed plants and similar projects have the potential to recover their costs in a

Date palm needs sufficient water of acceptable quality to reach its potential yield. The present study conducted in Al-Hassa Oasis located in the Eastern Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aiming to estimate the daily, monthly and annual actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for date palm using Landsat-8 satellite data during 2017/2018. Also, an attempted was made to compare between the computed ETa and the actual water applied in the field. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) supported by climate data was used to calculate the ETa. The SEBAL model outputs were validated using the FAO Penman-Monteith method coupled with field observation and measurements. The results showed that the highest daily ETa value observed

The present study was aimed to detect the accumulative effect of polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Arabibarbus grypus collecting along the Tigris River Southern of Baghdad City. A total of 130 specimens were taken from three sites  in Al-Zafaranyia City from the period between Summer 2020 until Spring 2021.Results of statistical analysis for total PAHs at S3 showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to S1 and S2 for all seasons. Results revealed that the total concentrations of PAHs in both muscles and gills  in

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental fields in the collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. March 2019 to to end of July 2020. The main objective was to find out the effect of humic acid (H_A) concentration (0, 1, 2 and 3 cm³.L^-1) and three stages of foliar application (vegetative, growth, flowers buds emergence and 50% flowering) on seeds yield and its components of alfalfa local variety. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D arranged in split-plot, with three replications. Foliar application stages were used as main-plots, while humic acid concentrations were used as sub-plots. Results showed that spraying of H_A

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde-treated diets on milk yield, composition and some blood biochemical parameters of Karadi ewes in mid lactating period. Nine lactating Karadi ewes in their second lactation and weighing 43.42 ± 0.4 kg were used in this study. Following one-week adaptation period, the ewes were allocated into 3x3 Latin-square and fed three different diets, the 1^st untreated basal diet (T1), the 2^nd barley 75%, wheat bran 7% and soybean meal 10% treated with formaldehyde 9l/ton (T2) and 3^rd group wheat bran7% and soybean meal 20% treated with formaldehyde (T3). The ewes were offered 1.750 kg/ewe of concentrate i

This study was aimed to compare and evaluate the increasing or decreasing levels of Hsp70 gene expression of five species of Rosa L, 1735 (the most popular ornamental plant that extended throughout the global with high economic value and  great cultural importance),  Rosa canina, Rosa damascena, Rosa centifolia, Rosa hybrida and Rosa  xanthine through total RNA extraction from plant leaves for the five species then reverse-transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA) then  amplified by RT-qPCR technique as a relative quantitation method .The results demonstrated that gene expression of HSP70 was varied between two seasons, spring and summer seasons. The highest gene expression of HSP70 for the