Despite rising the economic level of the Iraqi citizen, but there was a shortage in completing consumer's needs of animal protein. The high price of some sources of animal protein led capita turning to other alternatives to fill shortage and these turnings made destabilizations in demand of required quantities of these goods, hence on its productivity and imported quantities. This paper aimed to evaluate the functions of fish, chicken and red meat demand in Iraq due to fish considered as a good alternative of meat as it is an important source of animal protein. Demand function were evaluated according to linear approximation model of Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), the study showed that the special Marshal's price elasticity w

 The study focused on the reality of the production and marketing of milk cows in the Abu Ghraib area, located in the western part of Baghdad, as it collected a sample of (127) product milk cows, and the sample was selected at random. Find targets of production and marketing costs and estimate the index marketing efficiency, while the total costs for the production of one kg of the study in small, medium and large fields amounted to about (272.62, 235.48, 209.70) dinars respectively. With regard to total marketing costs by producers in the three fields on the market about (15.17, 6.39, 4.74) dinars \ kg respectively, finally came the marketing efficiency index of one kg in the three fields towards (69.68, 68.19, 65.96%) resp

To know the genetic variations for some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) traits under the influence of three plant population (40000, 50000 and 60000 plants.ha^-1) for tow varieties (oil and non-oil) of sunflower. The experiments were conducted during spring and fall seasons of 2013, using factorial experiment within RCBD. The plant spaces between the furrows 90 cm and within furrows 27.8, 22.2 and 18.5 cm, which variable due to plant population. The field was fertilized using compound fertilizer (18% N: 18% P2O5) and urea (46%N)at 350 kg. ha^-1. The results revealed that there are genotypic and phenotypic homogeneity in both varieties, according to the lowest S , CV, GCV and

The study sample included 590 farmers in Wasit province, has been taking samples of soils that the first two levels of the samples  0-15 cm, and second 15-30 cm, from different agricultural people in the province, was the level of salinity of the soil analysis, in the laboratories of the Faculty of agricultural techniques / Musayyib, SPSS software to analyze the function and use the influence of the level of soil salinity on the productivity of wheat crop, and traversed by testing the function of class I and II, and turned out to be an inverse relationship which determine the level of critical soil salinity b 12.13 Desiminz / m, a level which even then the average revenue dunum  with average costs, also identified the l

Agriculture is a biological industry with highly vulnerable to natural factors, so the cultivation of wheat crop is very risky in lands, characterized by high levels of soil salinity, leading to high risk and uncertainty component. For this Al-MOTAD model has been adopted to analysis the risk. The research depends on a random sample composed of 590 farmers, representing eight agricultural sectors from agricultural cultivation Wasit Directorate. The Basic Plan for linear programming been designed , and then built al MOTAD model for risk, after nine plans to al MOTAD model  represent different levels of degrees of risk posed by the average total absolute deviations A, with levels of income E, until it reached the degree of ris

The aim of this paper is to analyze time series using the method of Box and Jenkins (B&J) (diagnosit, estimating, model appropriate test and prediction) to find the best model of predicting available quantities for red meat, chicken and fish consumption in Iraq depending on the annual data of 1990 – 2012. The analysis results showed that the model was the appropriate model for red meat of (0, 1, 1), for chicken of (1, 1, 1) and for fish of (1, 0, 0). Annually predicting available quantities for red meat, chicken and fish consumption was depending on these models for 2012 – 2022. The rates of available quantities growth for red meat, chicken and fish consumption per capita decreased during the studied period and were compa

The research aimed to improve rice yield and income of farmers by managing the soil organic carbon to achieve food security in South Sumatra landscape. This research has been done in agricultural land of Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatra. This research is an experimental research by using completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was rice variety (local and superior), and the second factor was six ricefields, namely ricefields of sandy rainfed; loamy rainfed; lebak (freshwater swamp); tidal swamp; and technical irrigation. Composite soil samples were taken from each ricefield and analyzed in the laboratory for organic C content. Rice production data were collected by quadratic methods mea

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of boron and sugar alcohols on the growth, yield and quantity of seeds produced from pepper cv. California wonder, A factorial experiment (3 × 7) was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the open field of the research station B, Coll. of Agri. Univ. of Baghdad during 20/12/2016 to 1/12/2017. The experiment included two factors, first one was boron which used boric acid (0, 50, 100 mg l ^-1) and the second factor was sugar alcohols (sorbitol) (15, 25, 35 g, l ^-1) and mannitol sugar (10, 20, and 30 g l ^-1

Very low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (VLDLR) is a part of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family. VLDLR plays important roles in transport egg yolk precursor to the oocyte. This work was conducted to study the effect of VLDLR polymorphism on the productive performance of local Iraqi chickens. In this study, the VLDLR gene was studied using blood samples of 173 pedigreed hens aged 47 weeks representing the third generation selected for high egg production. Genotypic and alleles frequencies in addition to the association between genotypes and egg production, egg weight and egg mass from onset eggs laid to the 80 weeks of age were investigated. The results showed that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the VL

This research was conducted at the field of Al-Mussaib technical institute dating April 2018, to study effect of tractor speeds and tillage depths on some technical indicators for plow locally manufactured, by using (New Holland TD5) tractor and (Massey Ferguson 375) tractor with combined plow locally manufactured in the various tillage depths as well as effect of tractor speeds in clay loam soil. This research was studied two factors: included three tillage depths (15, 20 and 24 cm). Moreover three practical speeds of the tractor (3.77, 5.19 and 6.45 km·hr^-1), the experiment was applied using factorial experiment according to the (CRD) with four repl

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015 , at the fields of Field Crop Department – College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad . The objective was to study the effect of grain moisture at  harvesting on some agronomic traits  of the corn  next  generation , by  using synthetic variety 5018 . In spring season 2015 , seeds of this variety  was planted ,when  moisture of the ear grains was (37-42%) , ten ears were harvested. Ear harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42% , 34-36% , 30-33% , 25- 28% and 19-22%  moisture content. In fall season  2015 , varietal trail was carried out to the five treatment materials , us

Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is recognized as a healthy food in many countries because it is nutrient-rich crop. The objectives of this study was to investigate  the succesful farming for buckwheat plants in the Iraqi environmental conditions, extraction and estimation of the most important nutritional and medicinal compounds from seeds plant and it᾽s effectiveness in the inhibition of lipids peroxidation which considered to be the causative agent of the free radicals formation in vivo.The hexane and methanolic extraction gave many compounds from buckwheat seeds. NMR were used to determine many of the natural compounds for buckwheat plants seeds after ma

This study was carried out to isolate, identified and  study two types of Iraqi fresh water  algae Scenedesmus sp. and Oscellatoria sp also determine some of their  active compounds that play an important role as antioxidants and antimicrobial againsts some bacteria. Three types of bacteria Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp that cause spoilage for food were tested. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts for both algae were examined  toward tested bacteria. Four treatments were prepared which were [S.Ex(T1) ,O.Ex(T2), S.Ex: Of*(T3), 1:1 O.Ex: Of*(T4) 1:1],and (C) as  control treatment with the antibiotic only (Oflaxacin). Disk diffusion method was used t

The number of fungal isolated in this research were 48 fungal isolates that isolated from plant, agricultural and animal waste from three different regions outside Baghdad, and three different regions in Baghdad, screening 24 cellulolytic isolates fungi, which were obtained 8 isolated fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichoderma harzanium, Trichoderma viride, Chladosporium ssp, Alternaria ssp, mycelia asterilia (1), Metarhizium spp and mycelia asterilia (2). Capable of producing bio-alcohol with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation without using the yeasts in fermentation methods

This case-control study was conducted to evaluate the influence of interleukin (IL) - 17A and -17F gene polymorphisms on the risk of asthma. In the present study blood samples were collected from 45 asthma patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum levels of cytokines interleukin-17A and interlukin-17F (IL-17A and IL17F, respectively) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured using ELISA kit in both subjects. Serum levels of IL-17A and IgE were shown a higher significant differences (p< 0.05) while no significance difference ( p>0.05 )of IL-17F was shown in serum levels in comparison with controls .  The frequency of the

The study was conducted to find out the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder at different levels on the productive and reproductive performance of local quail. About ninety female local quail were used. The quails were divided into six groups (control, standard diet + 3% lipid, standard diet + 2% powder garlic, standard diet + 2% powder garlic + 3% lipid, standard diet + 4% powder garlic, and standard diet + 4% powder garlic + 3% lipid). A higher significance (p≤0.05) in egg weight (11.69 g/egg), feed intake (2977.13 g/week), hen day egg production (92.48 %), and egg mass (10.62) was recorded of quail eating (4% powder garlic). The results show the significant (p≤0.05) superiority of quails fed 4% of garlic

The role of transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2) in prostate carcinogenesis relies on overexpression of ETS transcription factors. The aim of this article was to investigate the association of TMPRSS2 polymorphism (rs12329760 (C\T)) with prostate cancer (PCa) in sample of Iraqi patients. One hundred and two individuals were involved in this study for the period from February – 2019 to February – 2020. The sample type was formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples (FFPE), which involved  fifty-six samples of pre-diagnosed patients with prostate cancer, aged between 48 and 86 years, and forty-six samples were found to be controls (healthy group) dependent on Prostate Gland integrity, which is the same age

The present study was aimed to assess and determine the effects of pregnancy on some biochemical and haematological parameters. This experiment was conducted using 16 pregnant of known gestational period and 4 non-pregnant does raised at commercial farm. Results revealed a non-significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant does for all studied traits. With the advances of pregnancy, it was noticed an increase (P<0.05) in PCV, Hb, AST, ALT, Glucose and Cholesterol and a decrease in total protein and globulin. In conclusion, it can be indicated that physiological status impacts the traits under consideration.

 This research was aimed to study combining ability for growth, kernel yield, and its components, for maze (Zea mays L.) inbred lines, which evaluated in 8×8 diallel crosses. At two locations, Dukan and Qlyasan, at the Sulaimani region.  Significant genetic variability was found in all genotypes for all characters except no. of ears/plant. Highest significant general and specific combining ability were observed for most characters, revealing the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action, at the same time a low ratio of Ϭ²GCA/ Ϭ²SCA was recorded for all traits at both locations vice versa the average degree of dominance was more than one, this indicates to the high contribution of

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop, Coll. of Agriculture of Engineering Sciences, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriya, Iraq during the winter seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, to study the effect of brassinolide on some vegetative growth traits of  the bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. variety Rasheed by determining the best soaking periods and the spraying stage to production efficiency. A split plot arrangements were carried out according to RCBD design with three replicates, where the main plots contained three soaking periods of brassinolide (concentration 1 mg L^-1 ) 6,12,18 hours, as

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Dept. of Field Crops, Coll. of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadiriya, Iraq, during the winter seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, to study the effect of foliar application of moringa leaves extract at different stages of growth and its reflection on yield and quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. Rasheed by determining best concentration and the spraying stage to raise the efficiency of production. A split plot arrangements was used according to RCBD design with three replicates, where the main plots contained three concentrations of moringa leaves extract (1/10, 1/20

This study was conducted to develop a protocol for micropropagation of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars Red globe and Superior by investigating their response to three media Murashige and Skoog (MS), Chee and Pool (C2D), and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) during the establishment stage besides study the impact of four cytokinin types 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 2-isopentyladenine (2iP), kinetin (Kin) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations on the shoot multiplication as well as acclimatization of neoformed plantlets on several media. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used and data were analyzed by SASS 9.1. The results revealed that the WPM medium was optimum in terms of shoot length and le

This study was carried out at three locations (Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala and one of the private nursery at the city of Baqubah.  The applied experiments included two separate experiments on the scion Mandarin Clementine micro grafted on Sour orange rootstock. The first micro grafting experiment aimed to develop a method of vegetative propagation of Clementine and transferring the micro grafts  from a laboratory to the field and comparing grafting dates (spring, early autumn, late autumn) with the laboratory grafting after treating grafting region with different concentrations of gibberellin (0, 0.3 or 0.4 mg. L-1). The effect of grafting dates on the p

Two field experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertilizer on seed yield and oil content of two Black cumin species (Nigella sativa and Nigella arvensis), the first experiment was conducted at Qlyasan Agricultural Research Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, and the second experiment was conducted at Kanipanka Research Station, Sulaimani Agricultural Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Recourses during the autumn season of 2020-2021. The field experiment was laid out according to factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD), with three replications. The results demonstrated that Nigella sativa<

This research was aimed to study three species which are prevalent in northern Iraq: Alyssium strigosum Banks and Sol., Clypeola jonthlaspi L, and Isatis tinctoria L. belonging to the Alysseae and Lepidieae tribes. The general characteristics of the roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds are studied and it turned out that and the two species A. strigosum and C. jonthlaspi are similar due to their belonging to the Alysseae tribe, and the species I. tinctoria differs since it belongs to the Lepidieae tribe. In addition, 6 secondary metabolites are diagnosed using the qualitative tests: alkalis, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and sapi

This study examined the potential association between polymorphisms of Caspase 9 −293del (rs4645982) and Caspase8−652 6N ins / del (rs3834129) and the danger of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia in Iraqi population. This case-control study was conducted as 128 (62 acute, and 66 chronic) myeloid leukaemia patient and 65 healthy individuals not infected with cancer. A conventional PCR method was used for detection in this study. The results showed that the Caspase9 −293del (rs4645982) in

The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of titanium oxide nanoparticles to enhance the production of both prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens and phenazine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover; the poor non-selective nutrient broth was used instead of using the selective nutrient broth for the production of both compounds to reduce the economic cost for production. Different concentrations of titanium oxide nanoparticles (0.005, 0.01, 0.015 mg/L) were used in this study to choose the most suitable concentrations to increase production. Both prodigiosin and phenazine were considered promising drugs for t

The aim of this study was to establish the existence and interaction of TMPRSS2 – ERG gene fusion status with clinicopathological features of prostate cancer patients. This research consisted of 123 embedded formalin-fixed tissues obtained from the prostate tumor patients. The above gene fusion is detected through the technique of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) by means of a triple color probe. Seven samples have not been scored due to technical difficulties and 46 patients have fusion (39.6%), while the remaining (70) have not been seen with fusion. Of the 46 fusion-positive, 17 (36%) were caused by ERG-translocation, of the other 29 (63%) were caused by the interstitial segment deletion between the two gene

Forty nine sputum specimens were collected from patients with aspergillosis attended to four hospitals in Baghdad. The frequent species of Aspergillus identified included Aspergillus fumigatus 23(46.9%), Aspergillus niger 14 (28.6%), followed by Aspergillus flavus 12 (24.5%). According to age group factor, the age group (50-59) years appeared to be more susceptible to infected by aspergillosis with percentage at (24.5%). The results was revealed that no significant differences between male and female with aspergillosis infection. To detect A.fumigatus isolates by molecular methods, the genomic