To evaluate and analyze the small farmers fund, one of the funds financed by the allocation of the Supreme Committee for the Agricultural Initiative, this fund finance the unconditioned plastic houses, beekeeping, field crops, winter and summer vegetable crops, protected tomato houses, olive trees services, planting of green silage by fixed sprinkler irrigation and to construct consulting offices. As the total number of loans granted to this fund reached nearly 481 billion dinars in all governorates, amounting to 38991 beneficiaries, constituting about 23% of the total loans disbursed during the study period, Baghdad governorate has 68.6 billion of total amounts of that fund and that consist 16.6% of it, then Anbar came in the se

This study was aimed to estimate  off-farm labor supply model.  Data were collected randomly from 267 wheat producers in Salah El-Din province for the year 2020, 67.4% of them are produced using pivot sprinklers for irrigation and with three tenure categories (60,80,12) dunums. Furthermore. The KS coefficient was used to analyze the producers' risk-taking behavior after estimating the production function and determining the area variable that has the most influence on the production process. If it increased by 1%, production would increase by 0.802%. The farmer's decision to adopt the technology was based on economic, social, and institutional factors. It turns out that 40% of farmers make their decision based on financ

Field experiment was conducted at AL Ramadi – Anbar  province in western Iraq. far fall season  2020   in sandy clay  loam soil which has  58.90 gm Kg ^-1  gypsum, to study the effect of water depletion, addition method in water consumption and water use efficiency. Irrigation was at depletion rates 40, 50 and 60% of available irrigation water, with three ways: Complete addition of irrigation depth, half addition included adding half of irrigation depth and adding another half after 6 hours, third addition division to three parts at duration of 6 hours, treatments distributed according spilt plot design in RCBD with three replicates. Potato planted in 13.09.2020. Evaporation pan Clas

A factorial experiment was carried out in the Jisr Diyala region, east of Baghdad, to study a comparison of the types of organic fertilizers in interaction with the levels of phosphate fertilizer and the quality of irrigation water on some soil properties and yield of broad bean(Vicia faba L), using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to the split- split plot arrangement, and with three replications. Three factors were used, the first factor is water quality (well water and Diyala River water, I₁ and I₂) and the second is two types of organic fertilizers (control, sludge and sheep waste by 5 Mg ha^-1, M₀, M₁ and M

This study was aimed to produce a biosurfactant from Lactococcus sp. and study its synergistic effects with some standard antibiotics. Lactococcus sp. HN21 isolate was selected for its highly biosurfactant production and antibacterial activity. It was identified by 16s r RNA as Lactococcus lactis HN21. Optimum conditions for production were studied and it was: Modified M17 media (M17 media with some modifications in its composition) at ph 6.5, for 96 hrs incubation time. The E24% at these conditions was 77%. FTIR and GC-MS results identified the produced biosurfactant as glycolipopeptide with a major fatty acid octadecenoic acid. P. aeruginosa was successfully

MicroRNAs are non-coding gene regulators that may serve as systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. This study was aimed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1140713) of microRNA-126 and its expression by using PCR and qRT-PCR techniques. This research involved 100 womenwith SLE with a mean age of 32.85±9.992 years they were obtained from Baghdad city (medical city, Baghdad Hospital)/Iraq, along with 100 healthy controls with a mean age of 31.68±8.308 years. The mean score on the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2k) was 10.860.±3.275  and a disease duration was 9.00 years, (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, urea, and creatinine w

A novel mixed natural coagulant has been developed to remove sewage pollutants and heavy metals from Qanat- al- Jayesh by using low cost adsorbent natural materials. In these materials, significant interaction contains Arabic gum mixed with extracted silica from rice husk ash (natural coagulants) by the Batch device approach, using two variables, pH values ranging from 5-8 and contact times between 0.25-5 hrs. All wastewater samples were collected after treatment by adsorbents and examined for determination of residual heavy metal concentrations: Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), turbidity, pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and total salinity (TS). The results obtained indicate

This study was aimed to find out how common Listeria monocytogenes in a group of Iraqi women who had miscarriages. Also, investigates the dependability of molecular diagnosis, specifically evaluating the target hlyA gene as an alternate solution tool for identification. A total of 200 specimens comprising cervical swabs were collected from 176 women suffered from miscarriage and 24 women as control. The detection of L. monocytogenes in miscarriages women by using HiCrome™ Listeria Agar Base as both a selective and differential agar medium for quick and direct recognition of Listeria species. The biochemical tests were achieved for confirmation identification. In addition, vi

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of elastin hydrolysates extracted from bovine skin on the chemical composition and some indicators of oxidation in minced beef stored in refrigeration at a temperature of 2 °C for a period of 12 days. The study included 6 treatments T₁ (without addition), T₂ addition (1000 ppm) of elastin hydrolysates per kg of meat, T₃ addition (500 ppm) of elastin hydrolysates per kg of meat, T₄ addition (1000 ppm) of collagen hydrolysates per kg of meat, T₅ addition (500 ppm) of collagen hydrolysates per kg of meat and T₆ addition of the antioxidant BHA (0.01) per kg of meat. the transactions were

This study was aimed to isolation and phenotypic characterization of P. aeruginosa. 75 carp fish samples were collected from fish farms at Mosul city during (September2021 to January 2022). Each sample was placed separately in sterile plastic bags and transferred directly to the microbiology laboratory under cooling conditions. The API20-20E assay was used to confirm P. aeruginosa isolates. Also the isolates were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction assay using the primer 16srDNA. Through bacterial isolation were obtained (60) isolates, which formed (36.6, 30, 8.3, 25 )% of each of the skin, gills,  intestines and muscles, respectively. The results showed the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa

The objective of this study was to prepare an adsorbent material from eggshells of chicken banished to the ambient as wastes to satisfy the ecological requirements of sustainable. The preparation process based on the extraction of calcium ions from eggshells and these ions must be reacted with iron to form nanoparticles of (Ca/Fe)-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) which immobilized as Na-alginate beads. Molar ration of calcium to iron, pH and dosage of LDH nanoparticles must be equal to 1, 12 and 5 g/100 mL to ensure that the prepared beads have highest ability to remove of Amoxicillin (AMOX) antibiotic with removal efficiency equal to 32% for operational conditions of Co=100 mg/L, beads dosage=0.5 g/50 mL, speed=

This study was aimed to identify the role of transaction costs and their attributes in the selection of markets for the purchase of agricultural mechanization services in Baghdad province. To achieve this goal, a random sample of 150 wheat and barley farmers in the province was selected, and the data was collected through a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose. The research was based on the transaction cost theory as a modified theoretical framework to explain the farmer's behavior towards choosing installment market channels to buy agricultural machinery and through the analysis of the binary logistic regression model. The results of the regression analysis showed that some elements of transaction cost, such as a privacy

This study was aimed to reduce the amount of the sprayed solution lost during trees spraying.  At the same time, the concentration of the sprayed solution on the target (tree or bush) must be ensured and to find the best combination of treatments. Two factors controls the spraying process: (i) spraying speed (1.2 km/h, 2.4 km/h, 3.6 km/h), and (ii) the type of sensor. The test results showed a significant loss reduction percentage. It reached (6.05%, 5.39% and 2.05%) at the speed (1.2 km/h, 2.4 km/h, 3.6 km/h), respectively. It was noticed that when the speed becomes higher the loss becomes less accordingly. The interaction between the 3.6 km/h speed and the type of Ultrasonic sensor led to a decrease in the percentage of th

This study was aimed to investigate the physicochemical structure of fresh and dried Aloe Vera gel (AVG) and its adequacy as a prebiotic in the preparation of Synbiotic fermented milk with Bif. Lactis BB-12, in addition to its effect on the survival of these bacteria during 28 days of cold storage. The results indicated that the yield of the gel was % 64.56±1.157, and the moisture content, total solids (TS) and total soluble solids (TSS) in the fresh gel were % 98.23±0.0816, %1.777±0.0103 and % 1.56±0.0816 respectively. The pH of fresh and dried gel was 4.48±0.0105 and 4.63±0.01, respectively, meanwhile the acidity was 0.083±0.00121 and 0.058±0.0

This study was aimed to investigate the appropriate planting date and tolerance to adverse growing conditions in the spring season through seeds stimulation technology. A field experiment was carried out in the spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 according to a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replications. The main factor is planting dates (February 15^th, March 1^st and 15^th, and April 1^st and 15^th). The secondary factor is seeds stimulation (potassium nitrate 6 mg L^-1 + licorice extract 6 g L^-1, as well as soaking with distilled water only). The stimulated seeds (potassium nitrate + licorice extract) and the planting da

Over the course of two winter periods, researchers at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, studied the effects of covering wheat (the Al-Furat variety) and “vitamins B9” (“folic acid”) and E “(tocopherol)” on a number of growth traits. Three independent trials were conducted utilizing a factorial design within a Randomized Complete Block Design. The first component was folic acid at 0, 250, and 500 mg L^-1; the second component was vitamin E at 0, 1, and 2 ml L^-1. At the start of the tillering and flowering stages, both vitamins were applied. All measured characteristics (plant height, flag leaf area, total tiller count, plant dry w

A lab experiment was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad. This experiment was aimed to investigate gene expression index in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) after preparation of salt and simulated drought stresses. Two tomato cultivars were selected which claimed to exhibit different levels of tolerance toward abiotic stresses designated as salt-tolerant Yassamine (Y) and salt-sensitive GS12 (G) to assess the test. Seven day-old seedlings from both cultivars were grown in MS media supplemented with four concentrations of NaCl at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM and four concentrations of PEG at 0, 10, 20, and 30% for 48 hours. The results were showed that

This study was aimed to investigate the trends in (11) thermal bioclimatic indicators throughout Iraq's various climates to better understand their spatiotemporal variations in different climates. All bioclimatic indicators have been calculated from daily ERA5 datasets of temperature extracted from 361 grid points covering Iraq. This data set covers global coverage of monthly temperatures from 1980 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of (0.25°x0.25°). Eleven thermal bioclimatic indicators were subjected to the Mann-Kendall (MK) test in order to measure trends in a single direction, without taking into account the influence of natural cycles. The findings showed that the majority of Iraq's thermal bioclimate indicators had change

This study was aimed to increase some flavonoids active compounds production in Echinacea purpurea seedlings through plant seeds treatment with different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles that daignosed and characterized using AFM technique. This research was implemented at plant tissue culture labrotary  of College of biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during the period of 2021 and 2023. The experiment designed factorial within CRD using three factors and ten replicates (3X3). Sodium hypochlorite concentration (S1, S2, S3, S4) (0.0, 1, 2, 3%) represented the first factor, treatment duartion time (T1, T2, T3) (5, 10, 15min) represented the  second factor and copper oxide nanoparticles concentrati

Usage of chemicals such as malachite green to disinfect fish eggs in aquaculture has been banned in many countries around the world due to its environmental negative impact. This study aimed to evaluate the Zingiber officinale rhizomes extract as an antifungal agent during incubation period of Bunnei eggs and comparison of its effects with malachite green. For this purpose 24 hours after fertilization, methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in four groups with a concentration of 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/L and three replications per concentration in a (10 minute) bath every 12 hours and malachite green gro

This study was aimed at inhibition of purified protease produced by C. albicans using plant seeds extract. One hundred two local C. albicans isolates that were isolated and identified by microscopic and biochemical tests were submitted to primary and secondary screening techniques in order to select the qualified C. albicans isolate for protease synthesis. Among these isolates, nineteen isolates with the highest hydrolysis zone on skim milk media (primary screening) were chosen for secondary screening. It has been found that C. albicansV56 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (41.8U/mg protein). The optimum conditions of protease production by selected isolate using solid state fermentati

This study was aimed to identification and detection of Mycoplasma dispar by conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays followed by routine hematoxylin & eosin technique to further confirmation of Mycoplasma species related to the lesions observed in diseased calves. Ten samples of infected lung tissue were gathered and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and handled for making a microscopic slide after confirming Mycoplasma dispar infection by PCR. Histopathological examination of the lung revealed two types of pneumonia; chronic suppurative pneumonia in 60% of the cases and 40% of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Mycoplasma dispar was confirmed based on genetic analysis. Slemani/2018 field isolate showe

The current study was aimed to investigate the impact of white light of various intensity of illumination on some reproductive and hematological parameters of female quail (Coturnix coturnix), Where 80 one-day-old birds were used, separated into four groups distributed as follows: The 1^st  represented as control was exposed to natural lighting, while 2^ed ,3^rd ,4^th  was subjected to different intensity of light represented by 0.6, 25 and 45 lux, respectively, for 5 h/day, each group was divided into 4 replicates. The study continued for 8 weeks. The results indicates a notable raise in the level of FSH and LH hormone with an increase in ovarian weight, an elevate in th

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in numb

The research was conducted at the Animal Farm of the University of Baghdad's College of Veterinary Medicine to assess the effect of dietary grind seeds of Sumac and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes(EFE) on some  productive and haematological traits of Awassi male lambs from the period 1/2/2021 to 1/6/2021. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs with 3-4 months of age, and  divided into four groups based on body weight . Dietary treatments were as following: G1 (control) equal nourished  concentrate diet at the rate of 2.5% body weight (B.W) with alfalfa hay daily, G2 was fed on the similar diet as control group and was given 15g/head  dried grind seeds

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the concentration of some fatty acids in seminal plasma and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls with different sperm freezabilities. The semen straws that cryopreserved for two years were divided into three groups according to the sperm’s freezability: medium (MF,73.02%), good (GF,83.76%), and high (HF,91.20%). The sperm’s cell individual motility (SCIM) in fresh semen was superior (P≤0.05) in bulls with MF and GF as compared with HF bulls. Concomitantly, the HF bulls were significantly (P≤0.05) superior to those MF bulls in total fatty acid concentrations. Moreover, HF bulls recorded lesser (P≤0.05) DNA damage percent

This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variations of Oat cultivars under in sufficient of irrigation. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of with  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences ;University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya during 2020-2021 seasons. The experiment was carried out using a Completely Block designwithin split-plot arrangement using three replicates under two treatments (verities and irrigation intervals). The main plots were irrigation intervals with moisture(50%, 25%, and 10%), while sub-plots were the varieties (Genzania, Anatolia, Plmula, Algoda, and Al-Shifa).The results showed that the third irrigation level had 75% flowering at highest averages93.67 days , and the V4 variety had

This study was aimed to determine the influence of performing primary tillage by moldboard plow and planting operation by four rows Gaspardo planter on some performance and economic indicators of Armatrac tractor 854e 84 hp (62kw).  The system calculates and measures slippage percentage, draft force, energy requirements, and total costs for planting and tillage operation at three practical velocities and two depths. Planting operation performed at 5 and 7 cm depth under 2.90, 4.27, and 5.28 km.h^-1. while ploughing operation performed at 15 and 20 cm tillage depth under 3.89, 5.28, and 6.67 km.h^-1. Two factorial experiments were carried out using randomized complete block design with two

The lack of a sensitive diagnostic test for trypanosomasis in animals may hamper epidemiological data and control program implementation. This study aimed to detection of Trypanosoma evansi in rabbits that experimentally infected by this parasite which identified from camels of iraq by polymerase chain reaction. A study was conducted on 24 males rabbit divided into two groups (12 rabbits for each group). The first group was injected intra peritoneal (i/p) with 0.5 ml containing 1x10⁵ trypanosome. The second group injected with distilled water and considered as control. At 7 and 10 days post infection, blood sample were collected from these rabbits. White blood cells count was conducted after 14 and 28 days pos

This study investigated the effect of different sperm freezability on some semen characteristics and amino acid concentrations in the seminal plasma of Holstein bulls cryopreserved for two years. The semen straws (0.25 ml) that cryopreserved for two years were divided into three equal groups (7 bulls per group) according to the sperm’s freezability: medium (73.02%; F1), good (83.76%; F2), and high (91.20%; F3). The F1 bulls were superior (P≤ 0.05) in sperm’s cell individual motility (SCIM) for fresh semen as compared with F2 and F3 bulls. The F2 and F3 groups were superior (P≤ 0.01) to the F1 group in live sperm percentage at cryopreservation. The sperm’s DNA damage percentage was lesser (P≤ 0.05) in the F1 and F3 gro