This study was aimed to decreasing the use of nitrite in Pasterma (sausage in Iraq) in traditional condition, beetroot and milk thistle was used with (75% veal meat and 25% pelvic and kidney fat),the treatment were divide (T1): (0.075 ppm milk thistle with 0.075 ppm beetroot), (T2): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075 ppm milk thistle powder),(T3): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075ppm beetroot powder), (T4):Addition of the synthetic antioxidant Betalyted Hydroxy Anisole (0.01%) BHA. The physical properties resulted in cooking loos, WHC, T3the treatment excelled (8.17)%and 39.12% respectively, Fat oxidation measurements (TBA 3.02 Malone Didehyde/kg, and peroxide value 0.56 mEq/kg fat) inT3 sample show signi

Kappa-Casein gene (CSN3) polymorphisms were investigated in one breed of sheep (Awassi) reared in Babylon City. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood of 51 samples of Awassi ewe by using one primer.  The primer of PCR were sequenced and prepared by Integrated DNA Technologies Company. PCR productions were loaded on gel electrophoresis. The polymorphism of kappa - casein gene was genotyped by Hindlll restriction enzyme (TAKARA), PCR products, Ethidium bromide and 2.5% Agarose gel in horizontal Medi Bio Rad electrophoresis with 0.5 x TBE (100 V. for 60 min.) were loaded to identify of results using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Lengt

Water pollution with toxic heavy metals represents a most important problem, as a result of releasing these metals to ecological ambient without treatment, leading to their persistence and non-biodegradation. A variety of traditional methods are utilized as an attempt to remove heavy metals from waste water, but still without making any actual progress. In present work Eichhorniacrassipes (water hyacinth) root and  shoot powder ,and ash case with chitosan  are used as a removal system for  heavy metals (HM), including lead, copper and  cadmium from waste water via biosorption process .It  was carried out by using two different experimental conditions: (i) heavy metal concentration (1000 ppm), wit

This experiment was conducted at the plant tissue culture laboratory – Dept. of Horti.- Coll. of Agricultural Engineering Sciences – Univ. of Baghdad, in order to study the effect of magnetic field in the propagation and production of volatile oil compounds of rosemary plant Rosmarinus officinlis. Factorial experiments within completely randomized design with thirty replications were used. The results indicated  an increase in the treatment of exposure to south pole for 30 days with the highest mean of the shoots number, fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (7.5 shoots.plant^-1, 6634 mg, 769.5 mg and 160.6 mg.100 g^-1) respectively. While the co

The first and only annotated index of the domestic literature on cedar for 1755–1957 «Cedar forests and integrated use» was compiled by well-known local historian M.F. Petrov and published in Sverdlovsk in 1961. The index includes 614 works combined into 7 sections: fruiting of cedar forests, pine nuts, resin tapping of cedar, physicochemical properties of cedar wood, natural regeneration and cedar cultures, insect pest and complex use of cedar forests. Interest in study and use of cedar forests increased sharply after the decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of October 26, 1957 «On measures to improve the use of cedar plantations, development of handicrafts and increase in harvesting of pine nuts, fur peltries, u

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of   new edible film prepared from deamidated rice bran protein (RBP). Deamidation was carried out at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120°C under varying pH conditions of 8, 10, and 12 for durations of 15 and 30 minutes to enhance protein solubility. The resulting film was then assessed for its physical, mechanical, and optical properties. The results revealed that protein solubility of deamidated RBP improved across all temperatures and pH levels compared to the control. A film made from deamidated protein under conditions of 120°C and pH levels of 8, 10, and 12 was evaluated using protein concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. The solubility

The research was aimed to identify fruits morphological characteristics of 33 taxa belonging to the Lepidieae tribe from Brassicaceae. The characteristics of the fruit's general shape, apex shape, dimensions, colors, surface ornamentation, and beak were determined, the results indicated the importance of each of those characters in isolated species, In general, all the tribe's fruits were open capsule and short silicula. According to the dimensions of fruit, three species can be distinguished as a group with dimensions greater than 20mm, as in Brossardia, Coluteocarpus, and Didymophysa, and depending on the shape, it was possible to differentiate the species within this group, while the other species were less t

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Synbiotic (combination of probiotic and prebiotic) as feed additive on growth performance, survival rate and immune response against Saprolegnia spp. in common carp. A total of 100 C. carpio fingerlings, weighing 49.55–50.50 g were randomly distributed into five treatment groups in duplicate, fishes were fed with different  concentrations as follows:  (T1) 0.5 %, (T2)1.0 % ,(T3) 1.5 %  and  (T4 ) 2% as well as the control group were fed  basal diet without any addition of synbiotic. Results showed significant increase (P&

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of adding different concentrations of yeast on some of rumen fluid traits and some blood characteristics in adult Awassi lambs. The study was conducted in the animal house at the College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Tikrit for the period from 15/7/2017 to 1/10/2017, using 16 Awassi lambs, aged (10 – 12 months), and an average weight of (36 kg)., The animals were divided into four groups, each one included four lambs. The first group was considered as control (T1), without the addition of bread yeast to their foods. The diets in the other groups, (T2), (T3) and (T4) contained the  yeast in the proportions of 3, 5 and 7 gm/ animal / days, respectively.

This research dealt with study of cladistics taxonomy of  five  species related to the genus Rumex L. and Polygonum L. from family polygonaceae in Iraq by using Mesquite software V.2.75. This  research support strongly delimiting  the species P. aviculare L. and P. lapathifolia L.as suggested in floras publication while R. dentatus L. is setted in single group whereas R. vesicarius L. and R. conglomeratus Murray were included in the same group. Also, this study involved characteristics of shape, dimensions, color, and ornamentation of seeds and fruits as  the seed forms were ranging from lenticular to trigonous. In terms of si

The demand for livestock products (dairy, meat, eggs) is characterized by a continuous increase in its basic importance as well as being essential in the prevailing food pattern domestically. The livestock sector suffers from a problem of poor funding and the investor’s inability to compete for several reasons, the most important of which is the high interest on loans granted by institutions. Borrowing, and since the project needs large capital, it will make the investor a loser without any doubt. The demand for livestock products is characterized by a continuous increase in its basic importance and its entry as a major component of the prevailing food pattern locally. With the exception of the governorates of Nineveh and Salah

The current study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the synbiotic of eukaryotic and prokaryotic probiotics on the average weights of experimental animals (male rats) per week, the weights of the fed they consume, their activity and their health status daily by dosing each group with a probiotics and synbiotic except for the two control groups (positive and negative) were used. The results showed  a decrease in the weights of experimental animals that were dosed with probiotics L.GG, S.boul., L.GG+ S.boul. and the synbiotic (L.GG+ S.bou.l+Psy) even though they were

This study was aimed to biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and its antimicrobial activity against (S.aureus ,P. aeruginosa, E.coli, and C. albicans yeast) at different  concentrations (20, 40, 60 ,80 and 100)  μg/ml by agar  well  diffusion  assay. Fifty sample was collected from Wounds and burns, from Baghdad Teaching City Medicine Laboratories. Samples identified by culture, VITEK 2 Compact system ID-YST kit. The sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics ware tested and the microbes were more  sensitive,  resistant  and  moderate  range to antibiotics. Several techniques where used to characterize AgNPs: X-ra

Characterization is used to determine genetic quality which is used as a basis for consideration in selection and crossing. The research materials were Super Chicken, Bangkok, KUB, Sentul, Kampung and Merawang. Data including qualitative and quantitative. Descriptive and quantitative qualitative data used t-test, T2-Hotelling test and principal component analysis. Data processing using Minitab and MEGA-X program. The results showed that body weight, weight gain and body size of Super chickens were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than the other chickens. The closest genetic distance between the lines is Kampung dan Sentul chicken, then between Bangkok  and Super chicken. Sentul and Kampung chicken have a close rela

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs or Drones have made great progress in the field of aerial surveys to study vegetation and farmland. The research focuses on developing smart systems for managing agricultural fields, thus facilitating decision-making, increasing agricultural productivity, improving profitability and protecting the environment. The paper highlights the ability of drones to distinguish agricultural land intended for cultivation and classified as deserted or cultivated or in the germination stage. For the first time in the Nineveh governorate, a Phantom 4 DJI UAV images were used, in addition to using the spatialized Pix4Dfielde program to process these images. Four types of the standard agricultural indices that rely on the vi

The objectives of this work was to study the effect of sex and weight at slaughter on meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Black goat and Meriz goat .Twenty four weaned kids from each breed were divided equally and penned individually into two groups .The 1^st was castrated using rubber ring ,and the 2^nd was left intact ,and was assigned to be slaughtered at 15,20 and 25 kg live body weight .The overall means of  pH, lightness ,redness ,yellowness, drip loss, cooking loss and tenderness were 5.94±0.009 , 46±1.16 , 20.01±0.68 , 35.68±0.78 ,0.25±0.01, 12.17±0.35 ,1.65 <

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of boron and nanoboron" on histomorphology of the small intestine in layer chickens. 210 day-old chicks were used and were randomly assigned to seven equal groups.  The experiment, groups were exposed to both normal boron and nano-boron as follows:G1 received 15 mg/L of boron in their drinking water, G2 got 25 mg/L, G3 got 45 mg/L, while groups nano boron as following G4 got 15 mg/L, G5 got 25 mg/L, G6 got 45 mg/L of nano-boron, and G7 was not given any treatment. By using a light microscope, the  histomorphology result of intestine was  examine to determine the villi's height, thickness, crypt depth, and muscle thickness. The measure

The foreign trade in agricultural products form an important factor for developing countries, including Iraq, because of their great importance in the conduct of agricultural products to regional and global markets and supply there agricultural products from the outside world, thus the imports of agricultural products and goods represent great importance in countries that suffer from the domestic production unable to bridge the consumers needs, especially in the short run.The study aims to analysis and determine the most important economic factors those affecting the quantity of imports of  the chicken meat during the period (1985-2013), where the most important variables those affecting were: the domestic production of chic

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influence  of  combinations  of Indole  butyric  acid (IBA) ,  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) and  polyamine Spermidine (Spd.) on rooting of shoots of  citrus volkameriana rootstock cultured  on 1\2  MS medium. The Results indicated that 1/2 MS medium supplemented  with 1.0 mg L^-1 (IBA)  gave the highest  percentage 

Melanin is a pigmented material varies from yellow to black color dependent on the type of melanin. Not all the microorganisms can produce this material, most industrial researchers are looked after about melanin that produced from environmental microorganisms and little is known about from pathogenic bacteria and its role in pathogenesis. Therefore this study is aimed to focus on the role of melanin produces by one pathogenic bacteria(Klebsiella pneumoniae  ) isolated from an infected wound on host immune responses.The results of this study showed, that the increasing melanin concentration leads to decrease in the phagocytic index. and in vivo tests are done by using different concentration of extracted mi

This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Protection-College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during 2015 -2016. The objective of the study is to investigate the contamination of the fungus Aspergillus niger in the seeds of peanuts and walnuts from the Iraqi local markets and the ability of these isolates to produce ochratoxin A in artificial medium. Forty samples of peanuts and walnuts were collected from local markets of the governorates of Baghdad, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah , Anbar and Dyiala for isolation test of  A. nigar. Results showed that A.niger was founded in the samples of walnuts from Erbil at percentage of 50% and 42.8% in the samples of peanuts from Baghdad ,and 40 % in

Some Limnological features (electrical conductivity, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, light penetration, turbidity, nutrients NO₂, NO₃, PO₄) were used in current study to monitor Al-Hammar marsh (Al-Naggarah and Al-Burgah) south of Iraq monthly sampling for one year. The mean range of the following limnological parameters were recorded: water temperature ranged between 11.1 to 33 C˚, electrical conductivity ranged between 2453.3 to 6100 µs/cm, salinity ranged from 1.16 to 3.3 ‰, pH ranged between 7 – 8.6, water depth ranged between 0.7 to 1.9 m, light penetration ranged from 70 to 200 cm, dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.67 to 10.03 mg/l, NO₂ ranged from 0.11 to 3.

The objective of this study to investigating and predicting the hazardous effects of monthly Ferrin temperature on horticultural and agricultural products at the North bar of Iran. For this purpose, the first stage data were obtained for the whole station temperature over a period of 30 years. Then, using Anfis adaptive neural network model, the data were analyzed for prediction and prediction for the next 6 years. Then, to measure the land suitability of Iran's northern strip for cultivating based on the predicted data, two models of Vikor and Topsis were used. Both the Topsis and Vikor multivariate decision making models combined the minimum temperature of the stations well, but did not reflect well at the maxi

Present study delts with morphological and vegetative shoot apex characteristics of two species  Echinops armatus and E.cephalotes (compositae) which collected during trips field to the northern areas of Iraq in the seasons of growth 2012-2014. As it presents the results and characters  had been shown for the first time in Iraq. plant species are perennial herbs spinous with woody, strong and solid stems that covered with many types of indumentums like spines and hairs, the study included characters of stems, leaves, involucres bracts and inflorescences as well as characters of growing points of the two species, and by examining buds in inflorescences found that the flowers are hermaphrodite, not steri

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-60 years in Baghdad and 20 non diabetic persons as controls. Laboratory assessment of glucose related parameters; Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Insulin and Insulin resistance (IR), renal function test; Blood urea, serum creatinine, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P), Calcium regulating hormones; Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and vitamin D, cytokines, Adiponectin and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and comparison these parameters between patients and controls. The results: a high significant (p˂0.01) increase in FBG level in the patients (211.34 ± 11.20 mg/dl) as compared with control (85.8

This study was conducted to investigate the early detection of date palm gender, the current study was conducted using some DNA markers technology using Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) and three molecular markers including Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), and Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) and Nested PCR. Results showed that RAPD primers used cleared different banding pattern. Fifty primers showed monomorphic bands while ten showed polymorphic bands for the two balks Males (MB) and females (FM). These primers showed 626 total bands in which 41 of them was polymorphic (6.54% polymorphism). OPD.10 primer gave the highest number of bands reached 118 bands and was the highest efficiency (18.85%). While the pri

The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of adding resveratrol (Res) to a milk-based extender on some post-thawed semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5˚C, 48 h, 1, and 2 months post-cryopreservation; PC). Four bulls, 3.5 to 4 years old, were used from 11th November 2020 to 1st June 2021. Semen samples were collected, pooled, and divided into four groups using different Res concentrations (0, 100, 150, and 200 μM) added to the milk extender. The Res-150 μM group exhibited higher (P≤0.01) plasma membrane, acrosome integrity percentages, and total antioxidants concentration (TAC) compared to the other groups. Sperm abnormalities and DNA damage percentage

This study was aimed to demonstrate the spatial changes of Mosul Lake using change detection Techniques. Water bodies, an integral part of the Earth's hydrological cycle, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs, have a major effect on climate change and global warming. one of the most imperative vital activities in Iraq for the administration of its water resources is Mosul Dam Lake. The lake has changed in the water surface due to the severe anthropogenic activities, climate change, the monthly inflows received from the Tigris River, and the controlling of water imports by neighboring countries, and the territorial policy. Remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information Syste

The study was conducted to examine the effect of surface burn severity (Moderate, Severe and Unburned) of wheat straw on soil properties. The results showed statistical differences in some soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Bulk density and field capacity increased statistically by the severity of fire; however, porosity and infiltration rate were statistically lower in sever burned plot when compared to unburned plot. The chemical properties, soil organic matter (SOM), P, Ca, S, Cl, K, Mo, Fe and As were not affected by the fire. The pH value was increased slightly by increasing the fire severity, while, EC was decreased when compared with the unburned plot. It was found a statistical reduction in the number of b

Sesame protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from dehulled, defatted sesame protein concentrate (SPC) using alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation. The optimum conditions for SPI preparation were “pH 12, sample to solvent ratio 1:30 (w/v), extraction temperature 60 ⁰C and extraction time 60 minutes”. The protein recovery using the conditions above was 63.83% with 90.05% of protein content and low oil content (0.05%). The optimum conditions for protein isolate hydrolysate preparation (depending on antioxidant activity) was achieved using trypsin (2000 U/gm) for 2 hours hydrolysis followed by hydrolysis with pepsin (1000 U/gm) for one hour at 37C⁰,