This work was conducted to assess the impact of soil salinization and sodification on natural vegetation and land deterioration in Wadi Al-Shatti, Southern Libya. Fallow soils were very strongly saline with mean EC_e of 111.2 and 68.78 dS m^-1 in crust and surface layers respectively. The cultivated soils were moderately, strongly and very strongly saline with mean EC_e of 14.52 dS m^-1. Sodium was the dominant cations, followed by calcium and magnesium. Chloride was the dominant anion. Very low concentrations of bicarbonate and absence of carbonate was recorded. Sodium chloride was prevalent salt in all samples, followed by calcium sulphate in some and mag

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production , but development of tolerant  genotypes  is hampered by the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of research study was to evaluate the efficiency of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant genotypes under drought  stress  conditions.  Twenty seven bread wheat genotypes differing in yield performance were grown under drought  stress, and normal irrigation  during  2014-2015 growing season, were evaluated in split plot design with three replications Significant and high positive correlation was found between grain yield in the st

This research was conducted to estimate some genetic parameters by using full diallel crosses in maize (Zea mays L.) at Grdarasha Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil. During the spring season of 2015, four diverse maize inbred line seeds were sown and exhibited full diallel cross between them. In fall season 2015, the F1 hybrids with their parental lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed there were highly significant differences among genotypes for almost all of the evaluated traits which were days to 50% tasseling, plant height, ear height,  ear length, no. of rows ear^-1, 150-kernels weight and to

This research was aimed to detect the seasonal phenomenon of the monthly sales of potato crop in Baghdad for the period (January 2010 - December 2015), using the krusskle - Wallis method. The research also aimed to determine the shape of the time series of the monthly sales of the potato crop whether to follow additive or multiplicative model. The problem of the research is presence of the seasonal phenomenon in the monthly sales of the potato crop, which will be reflected in one way or another on the short-term planning process. According to the results obtained, the monthly sales of the potato crop were predicted at 60 observations for the period January 2016 - December 2020, where the results were consistent with those in the

This research aims at predicting the imported quantities of rice in Iraq for the period 2016-2023 through the use of the self-regression model (VAR). The values ​​of explanatory variables (local production, population, national income, local price index, of rice consumption), where the predicted values ​​for each of these variables are estimated separately using the moving average method based on the data of the last 10 years. The research concluded that there is no difference between the actual values ​​and the predicted values ​​in the short term. This is the problem that emerged from the research which is the mismatch between these values. Therefore, the research recommended that the short term forecasts be ado

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determ

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determ

Fifty  P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from patients suffered of wound, ear and chronic pulmonary infections  to assess the presence of nan1 and nan2 genes .P. aeruginosa isolates were 10(20%) from chronic pulmonary infection ,20(40%) from each of ear and wound infections. isolates exhibted highly sensitivity to (Cefepime ,Meropenem ,Azitheromycin) and version resistance to Cefotaxime, Gentamicin, Ceftazidim ,Clorithromycin, Tobramicin,Ciprofluxacin In percentages (70% ),(60%) ,(50%), (40%) , (36%) and(34%) respectively.Seventeen isolates were choosen  to searching nan1 and nan2 genes by PCR technique depending on the resist to four groups of antibiotics (A

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Physical Education & Sport Science-University of Baghdad /Jaderiea fields at  2015-2016 season, to study the effect of planting Broad  bean and onion either in monoculture or intercropped (bicultural ) interacted with three levels of nitrogen (0,40,and 80 kg N ha^-1) on growth and productivity of both crops ,amount of N taken up and on nitrogen budget in a split plot experiment within RCBD in three replicates . Nitrogen application especially 2^nd level (80 kg N ha^-1) significantly increased growth and yield of Broad bean . Yield of fresh pods increased from 1.36 kg plant^-1 at control to 1.74 kg plant^-1 with N

A field experiments were carried out at Abu- Graib Research Station- Agricultural Research Office- Ministry of Agriculture, during the season 2014- 2015 to investigate the performance of 225 pure lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which at sixth generation after crossing among local and exotic genotypes (produced from 2008 to 2014)  with their parents. The experiment was conducted using Simple Lattice Design with three replications. The objective of this experiment to evaluate those genotypes for yield and its components. The results were revealed highly significant differences among genotypes in all studied traits. The genotype 99 gave higher number of spikes plant^-1 (44.8 spike), geno

Solid waste of heavy water treatment stations is used in agriculture as a fertilizer. This practice may transfer polluted chemicals to human food chain. In this research study, nine heavy metals ( Pb, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, As and Sb ) were studied in solid waste from main waste water treatment station in Baghdad/Alrusafa city by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) technique. Eight samples were chosen carefully during the period of  October 2016 to June 2017. The presented data showed that five of the studied metals have higher concentration as compared to others. The highly concentrated metals were [Pb (282.95), Zn (274.73), Cu (170.67), Ni (91.41), Co (29.45)], the concentration was measured in mg/kg. While [Cd (3.

The objective of this study to calculate means of oocysts in feces natural infected sheep. A total of 150 sheep fecal samples collected from different regions of Baghdad province(AL-Sholla , AL-Horia, AL-Taji, and Abo-Grab)-Iraq, during the period from the beginning of January to the end ofMay 2016. Three laboratory methods(modified acid fast stain, sheather᾿s sugar solutionand calculation of oocysts in feces of infected animals by haemocytometer) were used for diagnosis of Cryptosporidial oocysts and study the shedding rate of oocysts from infected male and female(pregnant and non pregnant)animals. The total infection rate was 44.66%(67/150), and the highest i

The aim of this study is detection of salt tolerant gene (TaST) selected wheat genotypes for salt tolerance  (1H, 2H , 3H) through plant breeding program as compared with local cultivars (sensitive)  under salinity condition. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (q-RT-PCR) was used to detect TaST salt tolerant gene in these selected genotypes. Also chlorophyll and organic compounds contents were estimated in the upper leaves of the selected genotypes and local cultivars. Results of the PCR showed that the gene band of TaST appeared only in the selected genotypes with length 175bp at both salinity conditions, while this band absent in the local cultivars, (sensitive) (Iraq and latefyi), also

Aim of  this studty  to identify the risk  of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-10 promoter variants -1082A/G  associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and tubal factor infertility.  Out of 100  women were attending different hospitals in Baghdad  included the Gynaecology Departments of Women Health Center at Al-Elwyia Obstetrics Hospital, Ibn Al balady Maternity and Children's Hospital , Kamal al-Samarrai hospital Fertility Center infertility treatment and In Vitro Fertilization ( IVF )  (20 control and 80 women with infertility) with an age range of 16-40 years

This study was carried out to assess impacts of industrial activities on environmental quality in Bazian cement factory, Sulaimani. Environmental impact of factory was carried out from September 2015 to August 2016  at studied area located at north west of city with coordinates of 35º36'242"- 045º04'470".Pollutant particles can have as consequence reduction of biodiversity and quality of water, soil and whole ecosystems. Especially, cement dust can be emitted at every stage of cement production which affects on photosynthetic process, leaf stomata, discoloration, enzymatic malfunction, growth reduction and productivity of plants. In this study, water, soil, air and three plants (Platycladus orientalis<

This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and biological (epiphytic algae) properties of Diyala river. Eighteen environmental parameters were selected in addition to the qualitative study of epiphytic algae (total number of algae and chlorophyll a). Two macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Certatophyllum demersum) were selected for the benthic study. The results showed that the river was alkaline, very hard, brackish water and good aerated. The trophic level is ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic according to the results of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a.  The study revealed that the upper part of the river differed in its properties from the middle and the lower par

A total of seventy adult common frogs [sixty infected (85.71%) and ten healthy (14.29%) specimens], were collected from different areas of Baghdad city in more than one locations such as (agriculture lands, river banks, home gardens, ponds, streams and shoel water) from the beginning of September 2016 to the end of  March 2017 and examined for parasites, in the aim to study and isolate any parasitic infection from intestine, blood and  effect of these parasites on blood, intestine and liver in common frogs. Thus resulting in Opalina sp. 17(28.33%), Nematodes (Strongloides stercoralis) 14(23.33%), Balantidium sp. 14(23.33%), (Opalina Sp. & Nematodes) 7(11.66%) and Hepatozoon

Three hundred samples of stools were collected from children who are suffering from diarrhea. Twelve of them (4%) were positive for Aeromonas spp. test, the ability of Aeromonas isolates to produce chitinase enzyme was tested on medium supplemented with colloidal chitin. Chitinase enzyme was extracted, the crude extract activity and specific activity was 13 U/ml and 7.3 U/mg respectively. The enzyme was purified by precipitating with ammonium sulfate 70% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE- cellulose column and gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-200 column. The specific activity reached 154.5 U/mg with 21.16 purification fol

Ecosystem fire can variably affect soil nitrogen availability, which is a determinant factor for soil fertility and environmental issues. This research was conducted to study changes in soil nitrogen forms in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forest ecosystem, located in the south of France bordering Montpellier city, subjected to a prescribed fire of low intensity on 30 March 2011. Soil ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrates (NO₃^--N), and total nitrogen contents were measured

The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition and functional properties of flour and protein isolate from mung bean by isoelectric precipitation. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate were 5.88%,  24.52%, 1.24%, 3.33%, 5.22% and 59.81%  for flour and 2.48%, 83.70%, 0.24%, 2.48%, 0.52% and 10.58%  for  isolated protein  respectively. The results of functional properties revealed an increase in solubility rates by increasing the pH values of both flour and isolated protein, the mung bean flour showed higher solubility than protein isolate. The foam capacity of flour was higher than that of protein isolate, however foam stability for protein isolate reached 23.53%,&

The solar dryer is designed and manufactured to dry some medical plants at the  Research Center for Energy and Environment of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals. this experiment was included two factors, where three levels speeds for the fan were selected (0.101, 0.065, 0.056 m3/s)  which represented the main factor  and  three kind of medical plants ,( mint, pepper and ginger).factorial experiment within  Complete Randomized Design with three replications  was used to study the effect of the dried substance type ,air flow rate and their overlap with  studied parameters. The results indicated that when the air flow rate increased, daily theoretical efficiency increased by 6.74%. and the theoretical a

This study was carried out at the experimental farm College of Agriculture; Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during from end of march 2014 to mid of August 2015. The main objective was to find out the effect of zinc concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) mg.L^-1 on seed yield and its components of four alfalfa varieties (Local, Hamaddan, Vernal and Lodi). Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D arranged within split –plots with three replications. Zinc concentration were used as main plot, while varieties were used as sub-plot. Results, showed that foliar application of zinc at concentration more than 30 mg.L^-1 (60 and 90 mg.L^-1) resulted in a significant increment in the No. of ovules floret^-1, No. o

The objective of this study was to know the effect of screening for the No. of fertile tillers m^-2 is effective on yield in next generations. The research was conducted at field of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during two winter seasons, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Fifteen entries of wheat were introduced from CIMMYT with local variety (Abugraib3) were screened under three phosphorous rates (0, 75 and 150 kg ha^-1). Superior entries in No. of fertile tillers m^-2 were selected in addition to entries that gave the lowest means in this trait. In both experiments, randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plots arrangement with three replicates was used where phosphate rates in 1

A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture , to investigate effect of moisture deletion for some traits of selected wheat genotypes , during 2014-2015, which depend to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014) . The 9^th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four moisture depletion (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots .The results revealed significant differences among depletion, genotypes and their interaction of all studied traits. Moisture depletion 20% , showed the

This study was to examine the histological changes in liver and kidney in tramadol -induced rabbits . This study was conducted on 10 adult male rabbits. Rabbits. were divided evenly into two groups: control group, received 1 ml normal saline 0.9%  Treated group received 0.3 ml of tramadol subcutaneously for 30 days. Results:  The histological analysis of the liver showed that the thickening wall  with minimal fibrosis in the periportal  area infiltration of inflammatory cells in necrotic change of the hepatocytes massive vacuolation of the hepatocyte, kupffer cell were present intensity in the sinusoid. The histopathological examination of kidney revealed lymphocyte infiltration , congestion ,glomeru

 Deltamethrin insecticide was highly toxic to mammals and had long-term residual effects and easily causing environmental pollution. The dependence concentration of deltamethrin (25 ppm) was used to treat  unripe mandarin orange fruits through a field experiment. A daily and weekly fruit samples, up to 35 days, were examined for deltamethrin residues. The concentrations  of  deltamethrin  which immigrated via peel into flesh of mandarin orange were 3.4, 3.9, 4.5 and 5.2 ppm after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days respectively. The levels of deltamethrin residues were decreased (due to many degradation reasons) from the maximum amount (after 4 days) to undetectable amount after 35 days. The field experiment showed that t

The objective of this study to estimate  the Radiation Use Efficiency  under effect of three levels of nitrogen (N₁ = 80 Kg N ha^-1,  N₂ =120 Kg  N ha^-1, and   N₃=160 Kg N ha^-1) for a set of maize hybrids include (Gloria, Market, Cruze and Draxma) in two different seasons in spring and fall  of 2017 in Qlyasn-Sulaimani. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates . The results revealed higher intensity of PAR in autumn season than that of spring (15.672 and 10.555)MJm^-2d^-1  respectively that led to higher RUE in autumn revealing (4.311,3.546

Evaluation of drought patterns in Iraq and determining the most susceptible areas of this phenomenon were analyzed, using the remotely-sensed Drought Severity Index (DSI) through analysis the daily and annual DSI for three zones over Iraq, also have been analyzed DSI time series using run theory to evaluate the characteristics of drought in Iraq. The efficiency of DSI for drought monitoring was examined from compared with Percentage of Precipitation Anomaly (PPA) for three zones (Arid and Semi-Arid, Steppes and Desert), and compared with drought indicators (Evapotranspiration (ET), Potential evapotranspiration (PET) and total annual precipitation (PRE)) for the period 2000-2011, were derived from the Numerical Terradynamic Simula

In this study a mathematical models were developed to simulate draft force for three types of plows (moldboard, chisel and disk plow). The study was carried out in the experimental field of Agricultural Machinery Department at University of Basrah, which had silty clay soil texture. Independent parameters included three levels of tillage depth (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25m), three forward speeds (0.54, 0.83 and 1.53 m/s) and two levels of cone index (550 and 980 kPa). Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilized to produce models and to analyze results. Acquired results were used to extract accurate model for draft force. The draft force increased by 114% when tillage dept

This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura  was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated  in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves