This study was conducted to compare the semen immediate and microscopic characteristics of the three lines of Holstein bulls. Twenty-one Holstein bulls were divided into three groups belonging to the three lines of Holstein bulls; born in Iraq (Australian origin; n = 8), resulting from embryo transfer technology (New Zealand origin; n = 7), as well as the first generation (F1) resulted from two parents obtained from embryo transfer technology in Iraq (New Zealand origin; n = 6). The ET and L groups showed greater (P≤0.01) ejaculate volume, live sperms percentage, and plasma membrane integrity percentage compared to the F1 group of bulls. Moreover, ET bulls exhibited higher (P≤0.01) sperm concentration than L

This research was designed to know the effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on Serum E, P, FSH, and LH  during different estrus periods and pregnancy in Karadi and Arabi ewes. The study was carried out by using 30 ewes for each breed at 2-4 years. Ewes from each breed were equally and randomly distributed into three groups. The first group was treated with vaginal sponges saturated with (60 mg) of Medroxy progesterone acetate within a period of (14) fourteen days (T1). The second group was administrated with the MAP injected with a dose of 300 IU / head of the hCG (T2). The third group was treated with MAP treatment, and injected at a dose of 75 µg /head of GnRH (T3). The results of this analysis showed a si

The aim of the current study was to determine whether adding zinc to water will improve lamb performance and behavior during a hot climate. In this experiment, twenty seven lambs were housed indoor in individual pens (1.50 x 1.30m). Zinc was added to the fresh drinking water in three different levels namely T₁ (0 mg Zn/day), T₂ (36 mg Zn/day) and T₃ (72 mg Zn/day). Rumination (m/h), feeding time (m/h), number of visiting feeds (n/h), standing time (m/h), lying time (m/h) and standing bouts (n/h) were recorded three times a day by visual observation. Dry matter intake (kg/d), drinking water intake (litter/day), daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also recorded. Th

This study was aimed  to determine the practicality of using linear body measurement traits to predict body weight of Tazegzawt sheep breed in the experimental station of INRAA in Bejaia. 38  female and 16 male aged over 2 years were used to investigate the relationships between live weight and body measurements such as scapular-ischial length, withers height, rump height, heart girth, chest depth, shoulder width, hip width, pelvis length and cannon perimeter. Pearson correlations showed a strong positive significant correlation (p<0.001) between BW and rump height (r=0.76), withers height (r=0.73) and the chest depth (r=0.73), with variations by sex. The results of multiple regression and stepwise showed that chest

The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of M-CuNPs, mint, and CuSO4 in controlling saprolegniasis in common carp. The efficacy of Cu-NP which prepared by using chemical method was examined. 120 fish of weight 80±10g were groups divided into six replications (10 fish/replicate) and the groups were treated as follows: (C-) health without any infection and without treatment, (C+) infected and without treated, (T1 and T2) The fish were infected with the fungus and treated with M-CuNPs at concentrations 20, and 10 mg/l respectivly.T3: fish infected with fungus and treated with copper sulfate at concentration 0.5mg/l. T4: Infected fish were treated at a concentration 100 mg/L of mint. After 14 days of treatment, samples w

This experiment was aimed to investigate the Toxicopathological effect of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (1/10LD₅₀) on the adult male rats' liver. Sixteen adult male rats were used in this experiment. After acclimatization for two weeks, they were divided equally into two groups as follows: Group-C-control: Normal diet and water for 30 days (n=8 rats).Group-T1: DMF 645.5mg/kg. B.W as 1/10LD₅₀ for30 days ( n=8rats ) , after thirty days collected blood for liver enzymes analysis then all animals killed at the end of the experiment and the liver samples saved at 10% formalin for histopathological preparation. The results showed that serum liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST) concent

The present study was aimed to find the most common causative agents relates to skin ulceration in most common fish farming (ponds and cages) affects Cyprinus carpio in Wasit province harvested from three different regions. The laboratory isolation and detection of bacteria in this study was carried out in medical laboratory techniques in Middle Technical University and Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad from September to December 2020. For this study 240 infected common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were used, 120 samples from cages and 120 samples from ponds. Samples were taken from three regions, which represented the north, central, and south of the governorate. Samples from skin ulcers were taken from af

This study was aimed to assess the impact of vermicompost, glutathione, and their interaction on beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) growth, yield, and antioxidant traits. The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (3X3X3). Applying vermicompost before cultivation represented the first factor (0, 15, 30 ton.ha^-1), which symbolized (V₀, V₁, V₂). Glutathione (0, 75, 150 mg.L^-1) which symboliz

The objective of this research was to observe the productivity in kacang goats which were given a complete feed containing flour of various types of banana plant weevils. The material studied in this study was six complete types of feed. Complete feed containing weevil flour from 5 banana plant varieties. Complete feed is prepared with a complete feed composition. The cattle used were 18 male bean goats, mean initial body weight, 15.42 ± 1.98 kg (CV: 13.73%) aged 10-15 months. Livestock is given complete feed containing banana weevil flour for 60 days. The cage is 12 m x 6m in size, construction has a floor platform as high as 140 cm, the enclosure is 1 x 1 m in size and 130 cm in height, equipped with a drinking area. The treat

This study was aimed to investigates and compares the effect of medicinal plants extract: Hero flowers (Alcea kurdica) in the north of Iraq, Thyme (Thymus bovie), and Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) extract with two antibiotic drugs Rifaximine and Ranitidine in quail’s drinking water by emphasizing the productive performance, and physiological status of the quails at grower and developer stages till 10^th weeks of age, a total of 90 quails were distributed into six treatments, each treatment with three replicates of 15 chicks in each. Data analysis showed significantly increased body weight gain (237.5, 224.1, and 234.9) g for Hero, thyme, and Bay leaf, respectively. In comparison with the control

Observations on the biology of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus)were made under  room temperature conditions (26 ± 2°C; 35 ± 10% Relative Humidity) feeding stages were fed on wheat leaves and shelled Sunflower seeds. Light and dark morphs were observed for second, third, fourth and fifth instars; short fine hairs on dorsal head, thorax and abdominal of fourth and fifth instars observed; fifth instars have black and white banded antennae. The mean periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition were 7.8, 33 and 2.5 days, respectively; the averages of female and male longevity were 43.3 and 36

This research was conducted during the growing season 2015 - 2016 to investigate the response of 2 year's old transplants of “Othmani” pear cultivar budded on Calleryana root stock to foliar application with licorice root extract at four levels 0 (Li₀), 2.5 g.L^-1 (Li_2.5), 5 g.L^-1  (Li₅) and 10 g.L^-1 (Li₁₀) and garlic extract at four levels, 0 (GA₀), 5ml.L^-1 (GA₅), 10ml.L^-1 (GA₁₀) and 20ml.L^-1 (GA₂₀) and their interaction in leaves mineral and hormonal c

There is no doubt that improving of economic performance of farms by using various factors of production available increases the participation rate of the agricultural sector in the GDP. The challenges those facing activity of beekeeping led to the departure of production units of this activity to achieve optimal productivity, which is employing economic resources used, and the level of economic and technical efficiency of these resources, so analyze the production economies and determine the level of technical efficiency are contribute a lot about the extent of the contribution of economic resources used in production and diagnose bugs and shortcomings down to put processors to ensure achieving the optimal use. The study aimed t

This expereament was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq, during 2014, using two types of explants (Shoot tips and nod segments) in the establishment stage. The highest percentage of shoot /explant (100%) was obtained from Stockton Morello rootstock on both media, while 96.88% was recorded with WPM (Woody plant medium) from nodal segment in F12/1 Mazzard and (87.5%) was observed from shoot tip in Mohaleb. While the highest shoot number with three rootstocks (24.50, 24.38 and 22.25 shoot /explant) with Stockton Morello, F12/1 Mazzard and Mahaleb respectively, were recorded from nodal segment with WPM. While the lowest numb

A study was conducted during fall season of 2015-2016 at Qwshtapa farm village of Grdmala, Erbil to study the effect of different rates of Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizers application on nutrient balance and yield of Broccoli. Treatments included 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 60,120,180 and 240 kg N ha^-1), and 5 levels of potassium (0,150,300,450 and 600 kg K ha^-1) in factorial experiment in RCBD with three replicates. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated system (DRIS) methodology was applied to study nutrient balance. Results indicated that yields were 23.916 and 11.233 Mg ha^-1 for N₃

This study aims to investigate  the effect of the fortification of soft white Iraqi cheese with some zinc salts at different levels include 100 and 200 mg.kgˉ¹ from zinc sulphate and zinc acetate, on Nitrogen materials and some rheological properties of the soft white cheese during the storage for 14 days. The results indicated that there was no significant effects for cheese fortification with  zinc salts on the percentage of Nitrogen materials during all storage periods. There was non-significant increase the nitrogen materials in the cheese of the control treatment in comparison to the zinc fortified treatments.  The results indicate a significant decrease in the values of cheese brightness of the fortified tr

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some biological agents like commertial product Richarge which contained basically from Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisoplae in addition to fungal isolate of Lecanilicium lecanii and Metarizhium spp. and insecticide Telstar at field experiment. The infestation percentage on cucumber fruits was very high 100% in all treatment at the beginning of fruit formation during 1^st week of October 2015, meanwhile its reached the lowest level on third week of October were 18.67% in Recharge, 28% in Meta 10⁷ and 37.33% in the control. The results showed that the number of infested fruits was reduced in next ha

The cultivars planted are considered one of the important factors affecting the wheat production which work on increasing the productivity of the area unit. Therefore, the research aimed to measure the production efficiency of the exported Turkish wheat cultivar (ADNA 99) in comparing with Iraqi cultivar (IPa 99) for 2014-2015 seasons (Wasit governorate as a case study), based on the field data of a random sample from 84 farms in Wasit. The results showed the effect of the cultivar on the productivity and the inputs used via using the analysis of variance, it showed there is no significant differences between the two cultivars, in addition we have estimated the technical efficiency and the resour

The wheat crop is a strategic crop associated with food security. In order to increase the quantity of wheat production to meet the needs of the country, it is necessary to know how to increase the productivity of the unit of area of the crop to reduce the importations. Wheat is implanted in Iraq in large areas, especially in the northern governorates. The quantity of production and productivity for that crop is still limited, Compared to other countries in the neighboring countries and other countries of the world, and often fill the deficit through the import since wheat is implanted in most of the world countries , the average productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq for the period (1970 - 2014) amounted to (258

Corn is one of the major crops of industrial and food importance. Corn is mainly grown for domestic consumption of the production of corn flakes, starch export, and corn seeds are used for baking when mixed with wheat flour, The average production and cultivated area of the corn crop in Iraq for the period (1970-2014) reached (210042.431 tons), (342,974,866 acres), respectively, It accounts for (8%, 3%) of the total production and areas cultivated with grain crops. The productivity rate was (555.7 kg / Acres), which accounted for 32% of the grain production in Iraq, Which is a good percentage after the yield of the bear compared to the yield of wheat and barley. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of price and n

This study was carried out in vitro to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of dates honey (DH) as soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and urea on fermentation quality and nutritive value of corn cobs silages (CCS). CC was ensiled with 4 levels of DH, 4, 6, 8 or 10% and 3 levels of urea 0, 1.5 or 3%. CCS samples were packed in double layer nylon bags and kept anaerobically for 60 days. Results revealed that color of CCS samples were ranged between yellow and brown. Smell of diluted vinegar was detected in samples made with addition of DH only, whereas, those made with addition of low and high levels of urea were characterized with smell of diluted and concentrated ammonia respectively. Increasing DH level from 4 to 10%

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentration of Mentha spicata on liver tissues. Fourteen mature male albino mice were used in this study and divided into two groups. Control group received 1 ml normal saline daily for 7days through oro- gastric tube. The remained animals received 1ml of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata daily for 7 days through oro-gastric tube. At the end of experiment, all animals were dissected. Liver Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were examined macroscopically. The results showed that coagulative degeneration, degeneration of hepatocy

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using functional feed additives on egg production, hatchability and hematological traits of Japanese quails under hot weather condition. A total of 288 a day old of Japanese quail were allocated to six treatments with three replicates containing T0: control, T1: Optifeed® 500g/ton feed, T2: Oleobiotec®100g/ton feed, T3: Force®6 100g/ton, T4: VêO® premium 250 g/ton feed and T5: mixing of (Optifeed® 250g + Oleobiotec® 50g+ Force®6 (50 g)+VêO® premium 125 g

The current investigation was conducted at 2014-2015 to determine the influence of levels and periods of addition of organic matter on Zinc availability in Iraqi calcareous soil. Experiments were conducted as a field experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety was used as a test crop. The entire field was equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions was cultivated to wheat and the second was left uncropped. Effect of five levels of organic matter as a peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ton ha^-1 were determined. Soils were analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected after 3, 30, 60, 90,

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gene action on grain yield and yield components of maize(Zea mays L.) using generation mean analysis method for six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁,F₂, Bc₁ and Bc₂ )of two crosses of maize (H40×un44052)and (Ik8×Hs). The analysis of variance shows significant differences between generation means. Generation mean analysis revealed that the non-additive effect for plant height, No.of kernels row^-1, 300- kernel weight and grain yield

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015 , at the fields of Field Crop Department – College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad . The objective was to evaluate the impact of corn grain moisture at harvesting of original population  to some agronomic traits  in subsequent generation of the variety 5018. In spring season 2015 , a seeds population  of this variety were  planted. When the  moisture of ear grains was go to the first treatment (37-42%) , ten ears were harvested . Ear harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42% , 34-36% , 30-33% , 25- 28% and 19-22%  moisture content . Ten ears were harvested from each treatment . In fal

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015, at the fields of Field Crop Department– College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad. The objective was to evaluate response of corn synthetic variety 5018 traits in next generation  to harvesting moisture in the first generation. In spring season 2015, seeds of the synthetic variety 5018 were planted. When moisture of the ear grains was reached the first treatment (37-42%), ten ears were harvested. Ears harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42%, 34-36%, 30-33%, 25- 28% and 19-22% moisture content. In fall season 2015, varietal trail was carried out to the five treatment materials, using Randomized Complete Bock

This study being performed at the central laboratory for graduate students Animal Resources Department / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad/Aljadrea and in laboratory of applied microbiology Department, Food and Biotechnology Center /Directorate of Agriculture Research / Baghdad, Iraq. Wild strain of local ligninolytic bacteria of genus Streptomyces MS  isolated from Iraq camel degrade feces was used to pre- treated of low quality roughages in in vitro fermentation. Roughages wheat straw (WS), corncobs (Cc), alfalfa hay (AH) was pre- treated with wild strain of genus Strepto

In current study use local ligninolytic crude extract enzyme (HAMU 8%) to improve IVDMD and reducing lignin content. The result suggest that treated wheat straw (WS), Corncobs (Cc), alfalfa hay (AH), by HAMU increased significantly (p <0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and reduction in lignin content, However, extra enzyme improvement is shown with Corncobs treated with HAMU (average improvement, 19.84%) and lower improvement was shown in alfalfa hay treated with HAMU (average improvement, 10.07%). The higher reduction (P<0.01) in l

Gypsiferous soils in Iraq are suffering from low fertility due to low levels of organic matter and limited availability of nutrients especially phosphorus (P). Therefore, two experiments were conducted to study the impact of combination of low cost phosphate rock (PR) and organic materials (OM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and P status. The first experiment was an incubation experiment which was conducted to determine level of organic carbon (OC) required for the second experiment, this experiment was consisted of two factors the first was level of OC (as sheep manure) applied at nine levels viz: 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and 0.60% of soil weight, the second factor was level of PR (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg P kg