The study area located at Erbil province, Kurdistan, Iraq, seven pedons were elected. Twenty-one soil samples were collected in the study area. Different physiochemical and fertility indices have been used to determine the soils development, despite of generating interpolated maps for them. The results indicated that the low values of clay were found in the less pedon developed and argillic horizon existed in development pedons. Study soils were non-saline, slightly to moderately alkaline, and had relatively high bulk density values. Organic matter is concentrated at the soil surface. Considerable total carbonates are found in studied soils and have irregular distribution manner, as well as have high CEC values. Low C/N ratio due

The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Ind

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of the interaction of herbicides and varieties with different types of foliar nutrition in production the highest yield for three wheat varieties. A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadiriyah for two seasons, as the seeds of the first season were sown on 13/12/2018 and harvested on 15/5/2019, and the seeds of the second season were sown on 4/12/2019 and harvested on 10/5/2020. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the arrangement of split plots, the nutrition included the main plots, while the varieties with herbicides treatments occupied the secondary plots with three replications. The tre

This study was aimed to detect of four important virulence genes (UreC, HpmA, rsbA and mrpA) from Proteus mirabilis bacteria isolated and do the important four blood test (ACPA, RF, ESR, CRP) for patient with urinary tract infection and rheumatoid arthritis in Baghdad/Iraq. Fifty (50) clinical urine samples were collected and cultured on blood agar and macckongy agar. Ten of the samples were identified as P.mirabilis and the automated system VITEK 2 used to complete the identification. Molecular methods using PCR technique targeting UreC, HpmA, rsbA and mrpA genes, using PCR technique and the results were UreC found in 90% of the samples,

Soil degradation and water scarcity are considered the main challenges that are faced the agricultural production, particularly with changing climate. The objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of alum in improving some soil chemical properties using two qualities of irrigation water . The experimental study was conducted in the Anbar Governorate / Al-Khayrat district in the fall season in degraded clay loam soil. The experimental design for the study site was the split- Block arrangement with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. This study included two factors: the main factor was water quality with river water (1.8 dS m^-1) and well water (3.8 dS m^-1), and the sec

This study aims to determine the vitelogenesis activity by FSH hormone induction in the early stage of gonadal maturation. The treatament is a differences FSH dose with indicators of vitelogenesis activity were estradiol-17β levels in the blood, Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI). The study used a treatment A : Dose FSH at 1.0 ml/kg; B: Dose FSH at 1.25 ml/kg; C : Dose FSH at 1.5 ml/kg; control: nothing induction. The results showed that there was an effect of FSH dose on the estradiol 17β levels, HSI and GSI, there ongoing vitelogenesis activity. The trend of the GSI and HSI has a close correlation to levels of estradiol 17β, with the best dose of the hormone is 1.25 ml/kg resulting levels of esradiol 17

 A Restricted Selection Index was constructed to genetically evaluate animals using a dataset composed of body weights of Shami kids at the ages of birth, weaning, and 6-month. The variance-covariance matrix (VCV) was generated and used to estimate genetic parameters for the index construction after adjusting the fixed effects; year, birth month, kid sex, type (single, twin or triplet) of birth, doe age, weights at kidding (KW), birth (BWT) and weaning (WWT) as covariates. General Linear Model and Restricted Maximum Likelihood methods were used to estimate BLUE for fixed effects and variance components for random effects, respectively. BW was 3.6

A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Researchs and the Experiments Station in Wasit province during 2019-2020 season. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of three factors, the first being biofertilizer at three levels (without addition , a combination of Bacillus megaterium + Glomus mosseae and complet combination of G. mosseae, Azotobacter chroococcum, B. megaterium and Azospirillum brasilense). the second factor was three levels of vermicompost (without,3,6 Mg ha^-1).The third factor included three levels of triple superphosphate (0, 40 and 80%) of the fertilizer recommendation. The treatment were distributed in a factorial experiment according to a randomized complete block

The study aims to determine the impact of economic and social determinants on the size of women's contribution to agricultural work. The research used qualitative response models to determine the impact of the explanatory variables (age, marital status, educational level, training skills, experience in agricultural work, NGO support, health status, family size, experience in secondary agricultural work, use of agricultural machinery in plant production) and their impact on the variable affiliated with the participation of rural women for a random sample of (384) women in separate rural areas in Baghdad Governorate. The results of the analysis showed that the size of the family and the use of mechanization had a negative and weak

The increasing resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics has complicated the treatment of infections due to its various virulence factors. One of its major pathogenic traits is the ability to form thick biofilms, which allow the bacteria to adhere to living or nonliving surfaces and enhance drug resistance. Consequently, exploring safe and effective therapeutic alternatives from plant sources has become essential for combating this multidrug-resistant pathogen. In this study, essential oil of Ocimum basilicum (BEO) was extracted via distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The BEO was then loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles (BEOCSNPs) prepared using the ionic gelation method with tripolyphosphate (TPP). The

Two experiments were conducted to study the efficiency of the ovine follicular fluid (_OFF) and the age of ewe on in vitro nuclear maturation of Awassi sheep oocytes (Experiment 1) and the subsequent stages of early embryos and their quality (Experiment 2). The _OFF has been added to the basic maturation medium (TCM-199) with three different levels (A: 0% (Control group), B:15%, C:25% and D:50%) while the ages of the ewes were determined into two main groups (> 2 and 1-2 year). In the first experiment, across the two age groups, matured oocytes in C solution achieved the highest (p=0.006) rates of metaphase-II (85.70 and 82.35 % respectively). In the second experiment, oocytes belo

This research was carried out at Research Station , Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences , University of Baghdad during fall season of 2020, it was aimed to improve flower productivity, quantity and quality of essential oils with increasing the concentration of N, P , K elements in the nutrient solution, and foliar app `lication of Plant growth promoters  (PGP) on Rosa Damascene grown on a soilless culture system with coco peat substrate bags. A factorial experimental design was carried out according to  (RCBD)with three replication. Results indicated the superiority of a high nitrogen treatment and 1.5 g of PGP (N2S2 ), of the flowers number, dry m

The purpose of this research was to find the effect of alcoholic extract of the lion's mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) against certain clinical pathological isolates isolated from Iraqi patients suffering from various diseases such as gingivitis, urinary tract infection, diarrhea and severe vomiting, and also a biopsy was taken from the stomach of people suffering from ulcers. Out of 150 males and females sample 107 samples were isolated and identified by chemical detection and VITEK 2 technique, and by PCR  for Halicobacter pylori as follows: Staph aureus(56),Salmonella typhi(6),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10),Escherichia coli(15),Halicobacter pylori(10),Klebs

The objectives of this study are to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq through its efficiency in resource allocation using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) technique. This study depends basically on primary data collected from a random sample consisted of 115 farms, The sample has been divided into three subclasses, the first one area was less than 50 donum consisted of 64 farms, the second one area was between 50 – 100 donum and consisted of 33 farm, the third one area was more than 100 donum and consisted of 18 farm. The objective of this study is to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq. By estimation of policy analysis matrix elements, revenue transfers, tradable input tran

The current study was aimed at case recording and molecular detection of infectious coryza in chickens. Samples were collected and identified for Avibacterium paragallinarum from about 68 poultry farms for eight months from different five provinces Baghdad, Diyala, Babil, Salahuddin, and Wasit from different flock layers and broilers. Diagnosis of bacterial colonies was first done by isolation and microbiological and biochemical tests. From 15 nasal samples of respiratory sinus cases of chicken,6 isolates were A. paragallinarum, additionally, PCR technique was used to confirm A. paragallinarum, the results for these bacteria in this study were detected

This study was aimed to investigate effectiveness of lycopene and nano-lycopene extracted from tomato waste powder in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms was studied. The study included preparing lycopene extract using a triple solvent mixture (hexane, acetone, and ethanol) in ratios (2:1:1) after evaporating them from the extractor and using it to prepare nano-lycopene by the technique of High-energy mechanical grinding. The surface morphology and roughness of the lycopene nanoparticles was determined, and their dimensions were determined using an atomic force microscope (AFM).The effectiveness of both lycopene and nano-lycopene extract was tested to inhibit gram-positive and negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast using the sui

Tow field and storage experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of moringa leaf extract, calcium, and potassium silicate on the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of strawberry fruits. The field experiment included 27 treatments: Foliar application of moringa leaf extract at the concentrations of 0, 5, and 10% which were symbolized as M₀, M₁, and M₂ respectively, calcium at the concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g. L^-1, which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, and Ca₂ respectively, and potassium silicate at the concentrations of 0, 1.25, and 2.50 ml. L^-1 which were symbolized as S₀, S₁, and S<

The present study was carried out to synthesis silver nanoparticles by using Aloe Vera gel and evaluates antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible- spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Reduction of the Ag+ to Ag0 during exposure to the Aloe Vera gel extract was followed by color change of the solution from colorless, yellow to dark brown within 24 hours. It is observed that surfa

The current study was designed to explore the association between the pigments production and biofilm construction in local Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Out of 143 patients suffering from burns, urinary tract infections (UTI), respiratory tract infections and cystic fibrosis obtained from previous study by Mahmood (2015), twenty two isolates  (15.38%) were identified  from (11) hospitals in Iraq, splitted  into three provinces, Baghdad, Al-Anbar and Karbala for the duration of June 2017 to April 2018.  Characterization was carried out by using microscopical, morphological and biochemical methods which showed that all these isolate

This study was aimed to explore the effect of adding pentoxifylline (PTX) and nitric oxide (NO) to Tris extender on some post-cryopreserved semen attributes of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5◦C, 48 hrs., 1, 2 and 3 months post cryopreservation, PC). Seven Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old were used in the current study during the period from 20^th November, 2017 to 20^th August, 2018. Pooled semen was equally divided into three groups within one experiment. PTX (0.192 g / 100 ml extender) and NO (0.018 g / 100 ml extender) were added to Tris extender and comparisons in response were made with the control group (Tris extender, C). The PTX group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) spe

The study area was located in the North of Iraq. Five sites were selected that have formed from the limestone parent material. One pedon dug in each site and was divided into a number of horizons. Thirty-five soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses. The climate of study sites were similar to the Mediterranean Sea climate which is hot dry in summer and cool humid in winter. The mean of annual precipitation, varies from one site to another. Studied soils classified as Mollisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, and Aridisols. Study soils were relatively high clay content and its content at the surface horizons is lower than it at subsurface horizons, and soil texture was ranged between clayey to loamy, the high value

The experiments were carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2021-2020 to study the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (0, 25, 50, 75 mg. L^-1) which were symbolized as A₀, A₁, A₂, and A₃, and chelated calcium (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g. L^-1) which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, Ca₂, and Ca₃ on the growth, yield and marketability of broccoli. A factorial experiment was carried out within the RCBD design, in a total of 16 treatments with three replicates. The main flowering heads were kept at temperatures 6-8° C for 20 days and 18-25° C for 4 days

This study was conducted to examine the possible effects of Ag-NPs synthesized using the olive leaf extract on histopathology and cytogenetic effect in mice. A total of thirty albino mice aged two months were divided into five treatment groups as follows: Group 1: served as control was administrated orally with 0.3 mg/kg bw of normal saline; Group 2 and 3 were administrated orally with varying doses of Ag-NPs synthesized on olive leaf extract (10 and 100 mg/kg bw, respectively) for 30 days; Group 4 and 5 were administrated orally with olive leaf crude extract (300 and 1000 mg/kg bw, respectively) for 30 days.

This research was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the phenolic content, the dye stability, the yield of extracts of different polarities obtained from the peel of mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana), and finally, their potential use as an additive in mangosteen fruit beverage. Water, ethanol, and different mixtures were used to obtain the dye extracts. Physicochemical and microbiological stability was measured according to  Colombian Resolution 3929 of 2013 to determine whether the beverage complies with current regulations. CIE L*a*b* scale measured the color stability of the beverage for 30 days, the sensorial acceptance with a hedonic scale. The best extraction performance was achieved with the mixture o

The aim of this study was isolation and identification of  fungi producing aflatoxin B1 from wheat which was stored for four months in some silos in Baghdad , including Al Taji Silo, Khan Bani Saad Silo and Khan Dhari Silo. Those Silos were included in the  agricultural plan for the marketing season 2020. Different  types of fungi were obtained. They were initially identified according to cultural and morphological characteristics as Alternaria spp, 

This study was aimed to determine whether chromium (Cr III) supplements have a beneficial effect on the insulin secretion and lipid profile of layers vaccinated against H5 avian influenza (AI). The study included serological parameter by ELISA kit and biochemical parameter for lipid profile test as well as to compare between highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) recombinant (rH5N1) vaccine and classical (cH5N8) vaccine. The study was designed as follow: {G1: given rH5N1 vaccine only; G2: given cH5N8 only; G3: given rH5N1 with Cr III supplement; G4: given cH5N8 with Cr III supplement; G5: given Cr III supplement; G6: is negative control with no vaccination or supplementation}. Levels of insulin

This study was aimed  to evaluated the antibacterial activity on Cymbopogon citrates ( C. citrates ) leaves extract and assessment of its effect on fimA and papC genes in Escherichia coli ( E.coli )isolates. Rotery apparatus were used to prepare aqueous and methanolic extract; total phenolic content and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were conducted to determine the active compounds in the extract. The results showed that the methanolic and aqueous extracts contain seven flavonoids derivatives ( Catechine , Chlorogenic acid , Ferulic acid , Gallic acid , P-Coumaric acid , Qurcetine

This study was aimed to investigate genetic diversity of nine Iraqi date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.), two of them were propagated by tissue culture tiqneque. The variation in GC content in the ITS1 region was recorded at (52–53%) with an average of (52.7). The data suggests that transitions have a lower frequency compared to transversions in this region, where the overall bias R for transition/transversion has been estimated at (0.661). The aligned sequences associated with internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) showed intraspecific variation, and the matched sequences enabled the identification of all cultivars studied as haplotypes. Phylogenetic trees constructed using distance-based ''neighbour-joining'' (NJ) and

This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of intercropping garlic plants with tomato and their root secretions in controlling the cause of Fusarium wilt disease by using alternative methods to the use of chemical pesticides, and the experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad. Garlic root secretions were extracted and their effectiveness in inhibiting radial growth was studied at several concentrations. The concentration of 30 µl.ml^-1 showed the highest rate of inhibition, reaching 96.3%, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 0%, and this result confirmed the ability of garlic root secretions to inhibit pathogenic fungi. The effect of pl

The research was conducted to evaluate the link between agricultural trade openness and Iraqi agricultural development through the use of annual time series data from (1990–2021). This research that focuses on the Iraqi case study, as a developing country that opens up to the Global industry, and aims to identify the position of openness in facilitating agricultural development. The Research question centers around the effects of agricultural trade openness to agricultural growth or vice versa. The analysis is based on the examination of the secondary data utilizing statistics such as ARDL (Auto Regressive Distributed Lag) and co-integration analysis. The relevance of the findings results in understanding the complex causal relationshi