تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد فعالية النياسين A و الزيت الطيار لأكليل الجبل في الجسم الحي لفئران التجارب على بكتريا B. cereus المعزولة من اللحوم المعلبة في المختبر. أظهرت النتائج فعالية اكليل الجبل بتركيز (2000 ميكروغرام / مل) والنياسين A (350 ميكروغرام / مل) اذ بلغت  27 و 19 ملم قطر المنطقة المثبطة على التوالي بأستخدام طريقة الانتشا

تهدف الدراسة التحري عن تأثير رش حامض السالسليك باربعة تراكيز (1250 , 2500 , 5000 , مايكرمول لتر^-1 ) في تحسين التركيب الكيميائي للنبات والفعالية الضد ميكروبية ومضادات الاكسدة . أظهرت النتائج حصول زيادة معنوية في محتوى النبات من سليبينين , سليفباين أ و سليباين ب للنباتات المعاملة بتراكيز من السالسليك و لغاية التركيز 5000 مايكرومول لتر ^-1 . كما سجلت فعالية ضد مايكروبية بزيادة تراكيز السالسليك . أوضحت النتائ

The present study was designed to investigate the possibility of using Lactobacillus as a skin probiotic. For this purpose, 63 isolates of Lactobacillus sp. were collected from dairy products and human mouth samples. The isolates were screened for bacteriocin production by primary and secondary screening against three common skin pathogens. The results showed that the isolate Lactobacillus HT1give the highest productivity of bacteriocin (320AU/ml), the efficient isolate was identified through molecular detection using 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In addition, result showed that L. acidophilus HT1 was un encapsulated

Soil erosion is one of the foremost factors giving rise to watershed deterioration due to improper and unwise utilization of natural resources without proper vision, particularly in developing countries like Iraq. Since it is not possible to implement rehabilitation programs over all areas at a time, prioritization plays a major role in identification of the areas which are in need of immediate actions. Accordingly, the current study was conducted to perform morphometric analysis as the basis for prioritization. To achieve the above objective, 30 watersheds of different scales were delineated within Erbil governorate and standard procedures were followed to carry out morphometric analysis. Prioritization ranks were determined for

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of combining sawdust (SD), filter cake (FC) and calcium carbonate as growth medium for the production of white oyster mushroom. Isolate F2 oyster mushroom was cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and used in the experiment. The culture medium consisted of two treatments: first, A trea

The present investigation was conducted to estimate the gene action effects in some traits of durum wheat by using crosses two generation of wheat (Albit-9 X omgenil-3) through generation mean analysis during growing season 2016-2017, at Field Crops Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between generations mean for studied traits except spike length which did not significant. The mean value of F₁ generation was higher than the respect parents (P₁ and P₂) F₂, Bc₁ and Bc₂ for most of studied traits in whe

A band combination (542) has been adopted and applied as a new method to classify the Iraqi marshes regions which they are located in the southern of Iraq using Landsat-5 TM scene. The results of proposed band combination were compared to the standard band combinations which they are selected to classify scene classes (541, 543 and 742). In addition, the results reveal that the standard band combinations are failed to discriminate between the scene classes that due to the aquatic nature of the scene, which makes the spectral response of the different classes very close, thus, they miss-classify the scene. Furthermore, the green band which was used in the proposed band combination enhanced the spectral response to discrimination b

The research aims to study the optimal allocation of irrigation water that is used to irrigate various agricultural crops at the level of Iraq. In order to achieve the goal of the research, two economic models were formulated according to the linear programming technique. The first model aimed to minimize the water needs of the prevailing crop combination during the average period (2017-2020), while the second model aimed to maximize the total profit margin of the water unit for the crop combination that minimizes the water needs during the same period. The first model was estimated with two proposed plans. The first proposed plan included non-imposing legislative restrictions related to the allocation of certain areas for basic

This research was aimed to study the impact of modern technologies represented by (High-productivity improved seeds, fertilizer of leaves, Atlantis pesticide) on increasing production both quantitatively and qualitatively. The importance of the research comes from take a set of programs and use some modern technologies in order to increase the productivity of the donum for the purpose of vertical increase of production per unit area. The problem of the research was the low rate of wheat crop productivity for Iraq compared to global productivity rates, and given the importance of achieving self-sufficiency in wheat from local production due to the decreasing globa

This study was aimed to determine the qualitative and quantitative phenolic compounds. Results revealed that HPLC analysis identified Hydroxy derivatives of benzoic acids, hydroxy-cinnamic acids, in addition to flavonoids. The major compounds detected in clove were eugenol 32.5 mg/L, while in thyme the predominant phenol was gallic acid 35.9 mg/L. Quercetin was the greatest phenolic compound in both eucalyptus and sage 49.8 and 55.6 mg/L, respectively. Clove extract inhibited all selected pathogens entirely when applied at 20%. Subsequently, thyme extract at the same concentration inhibited the growth of B. cinerea completely. Eucalyptus extract revealed a lowest inhibition with 23.2%, 11.83%, and 7.83% after three, six,

This research was carried out to compare the productivity performance of three lines of local quail. The results showed a significant superiority in the daily gain weight (3.76 g/day/quail) and marketing weight (167.2 g/quail) for brown quail over other colors. Also, significant differences were found in the dressing ratio between males (67.8%) and females (65.76%). As for the egg production of quail, it was found a significant superiority of the desert quail over the other colors in the number of eggs produced, the average egg weight (9.73 g/ egg) and the HDEP (78.6 %) with the best feed convers

This study examined the effects of genetic and some non-genetic factors on total milk yield (TMY), test-day milk yield (TDM), pre-weaning (PRMY), and post-weaning milk yield (POMY) using a total of 1167 lactation records of (Damascus) does over the years of 1998 to 2001 at Al-Walla Agricultural Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture. The General Linear Model (GLM) was employed to analyze the data. TMY, TDM, PRMY, and POMY had respective overall averages of 280.3 kg, 1.45 kg, 135.7 kg, and 144.5 kg. Age, doe weight, birth type, and year of kidding all significantly influenced the variables under study.  Heritability estimates were 0.22, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.26 for TMY, TDM, PRMY and POMY, respectively. The corresponding e

Adsorption studies were performed at different initial Tetracycline (TC) and Amoxicillin (AMO) concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH.  In the batch mode were investigated. The optimum pH of solutions is 6.5 for TC and 5 for AMO, agitation speed 200 rpm and concentration 50 ppm. The results in FTIR showed that there were -OH and amides (N-H) and other functional groups on the surface of Cladophora and Spirulina algae. The equilibrium isotherm data were modeled with Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler  subjected  to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300  eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of  0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of  0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability  percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected e

This study was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - research station B during the fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of Ozone enrichment and the foliar application of organic nutrient  on nutrient and water use efficiency and fertilizer productivity of broccoli plant using the modified NFT film technology. A factorial experiment (2*5) was carried out within Nested Design with three replicates. The ozone treatment was distributed into the main plots which consisted of oxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃). The foliar application of organic nutrients were distributed randomly within each replicate including five treatments, whic

This research was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the phenolic content, the dye stability, the yield of extracts of different polarities obtained from the peel of mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana), and finally, their potential use as an additive in mangosteen fruit beverage. Water, ethanol, and different mixtures were used to obtain the dye extracts. Physicochemical and microbiological stability was measured according to  Colombian Resolution 3929 of 2013 to determine whether the beverage complies with current regulations. CIE L*a*b* scale measured the color stability of the beverage for 30 days, the sensorial acceptance with a hedonic scale. The best extraction performance was achieved with the mixture o

From 2017 to 2019, 51 A. rabiei isolates were isolated from 259 chickpea fields across IKR. On different media, 32 isolates showed significant differences in morphological characteristics. The isolates were divided into six groups based on colony color, five groups on mycelium color and three groups on pycnidia color. CSMDA was the best media for mycelial growth. AS-28 significantly surpassed all other isolates in colony diameter despite media type. A. rabiei growth varied between 15-35°C, the maximum growth occured at 25°C and ceased at 35°C. The mean conidia and pycnedia dimensions in isolates AS-19 and AS-9 ranged from 20.0*7.5μm and 70.8*47.9μm

This  study was conducted at two different research fields (Kanipanka and Qlyasan), at the Kurdistan region of Iraq during winter season (2019- 2020) to investigate the effects of NPK and organic fertilizer application on seed yield and its components, protein, oil content, oil yield, and some fatty acid compositions. The experimental design was a complete block design with three replications. The application of (0.00, 40, 80, and 120 kg NPK ha^-1) are the main plots. While three applications of (0.00, 600, 1200 kg organic fertilizer ha^-1) for subplots. The 120 kg NPK ha^-1 had highest seed and oil yield of 2474.178, and 793.249 kg ha^-1, respectively, the average of both locations. T

This study was carried out on fruit of local orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) grown at private orchard Diyala governorate / Iraq, to study the effect of dipped fruits for 10 min in (0, 1, 2, 3% citric acid, 5 and 10% ginger) on fruit quality of orange during 65- and 105-days cold storage at 5+1 with 85- 90% RH. Dipping fruits in citric acid solution reduced fruit's weight loss and decay. Ginger extract at 5 and 10% significantly reserved acidity, total sugar and sugar/acid ratio, also caused a reduction in fruit weight loss and fruit decay. There was a significant decreases in fruits peel carotene and an increases in vitamin C, when fruits were treated with 5% ginger extract.

The study was carried out in order to determine the degree of genetic kinship among fifteen barley genotypes using SSR technique with 14 pairs of primers. The study showed that, all the primers gave amplification products and showed polymorphism between the studied genotypes. The total number of alleles was 19, with an average of 1.35, and the number of polymorphic alleles was 19, the percentage of polymorphism was 100%. The number of total and polymorphic alleles ranged between one allele as the lowest value for primers (Bmac0209, Bmac0067, Bmag0225, Bmag012, Bmag0394, Bmag0353, Bmag0206, Bmac0031, GBM1362, EBmac0603) and three alleles as the highest value for the primer Bmag0006. The polymorphism information co

The phytochemical analysis of Azolla filiculoides Lamark in the methanolic whole plant extract was undertaken and published for the first time in Iraq in this article. The existence of twenty-four bioactive phytochemical compounds were discovered using GC-MS analysis. , such as Ethyl Formate, 1,3-Cyclohexanedione, Butanal, 2-Nonenal,9-Octadecenal,2,4,6-Trimethyl-1-nonene, 3-(Prop-2-enoyloxy) tetradecane, Carbonic acid, 9-Oxabicyclo [6.1.0] nonane. Oleic Acid, 13-Docosenoic acid, Z-10-Pentadecen-1-ol, Oxirane, Diethyl carbonate.   Hydroperoxide, 2-Butene ozonide. These various active phytochemicals of alkenes, alkanes, esters, ethers, and carboxylic acids were found in the plant with great potential to bind with

The study was conducted on the Erbil Dairy Herd of the Erbil city, to evaluate the effect of body condition score of Bokani dairy cow on milk composition. Milk samples were examined weekly for milk yield and milk fat, protein percentage, fat / protein ratio, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and freezing point for sixty days. Body condition score of individual cows was recorded in a 1-5 scale. Milk samples were collected from individual cow. Samples collected from cows having similar body condition score were mixed together to make composite sample. The results revealed that the body condition score was affected milk yield and fat percentage significantly (P<0.01). This score was also influenced the percentage of milk protein, fat

This study was aimed to director wheat production's technical efficiency grown under two irrigation systems(fixed and pivot sprinkler irrigation systems)using random border analysis.Samples were collected randomly from267farmers from Salah Al-Din Governorate/Iraq.The samples were divided into two groups;187farmers used a pivot sprinkler irrigation system with three categories of possession(80,60and120dunums),while the other group used a fixed sprinkler irrigation system with four categories of possession(40,30,20and10dunums).Transcendent production function was used to study the effect of production factors on wheat yield. The results indicated that the mechanization work and the amount of added irrigation water increased by 1% w

Rhizoctonia-Meloidogyne complex disease is a serious problem facing legume production in many countries. The infection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by pathogens Rhizoctonia solani (R) and Meloidogyne javanica (M) in a single infection or combination causes severe damage to plant growth. The effect of using Glomus spp. (G) and Pseudomonas sp. (P) as a biological control agent against Rhizoctonia- Meloidogyne complex disease was tested and assessed by comparing the growth and disease parameters in infected and control plants. Chickpea growth parameters are characterized by measuring shoot and root length, and fresh and dry weight. The results of using (G) and (P) in a single treatment o

In the last decade, tilapia fish species distributed in the Iraqi inland waters. Three species; Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) and Redbelly tilapia Coptedon zillii (Gervais, 1848) inhibiting Shatt Al-Arab River. They belong to family Cichlidae. They are very similar to differentiate among them using biometry. So, genetic markers used for species discrimination. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol used to examine genetic variation and to generate DNA fingerprints of tilapia fish species in Shatt Al-Arab River. Sixty-two specimens of tilapia fish collected from Shatt Al-Arab

An experiment was conducted to evaluate fertility, hatchability, egg weight and egg production traits from three different lines of local quails. A total number of 945 eggs (334, 321 and 290 for desert, brown and white, respectively), from 20 weeks of age were used in the study. White quail significantly (P≤0.05) produce higher egg weight (12.79 ± 0.08 g), chicks' weight (8.89± 0.02 g), percentage of mortality (2.34 ± 0.70 %) and Hen-day egg production (79.33 ± 0.98 %) comparing with other local quails. While local brown quail have significantly (P≤0.05) higher percentages of fertility and hatchability which averaged 79.11 and 86.80%, respectively. The higher total number of egg and low m

This experiment was aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of adding natural extracts (clove, Mentha and thyme) with synthetic BHT on some physiochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of lamb patties stored at 4 Cº for 12 days. Results indicated that there’s a steady rise (P<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial and pH with the increasing time of storage. Also, a significant (P<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial and pH was observed in patties treated with clove, thyme, mentha and BHT as compared with untreated samples. It was found that adding natural extracts is more effective in inhibiting microbial count than did BHT. The highest score of overall acceptability was n

This work was conducted to study the association of variations in the VLDLR gene and mRNA expression in the liver and the ovary of local Iraqi hens with some productive and blood traits. The VLDLR gene variations were studied using blood samples of 173 pedigreed hens, 47 weeks old while the expression was studied using tissue samples of the ovary and liver in 30 pedigreed hens, 60 weeks old. Genotypic and allelic frequencies, production traits, and biochemical serum blood were investigated. The results showed that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the VLDLR in 173 chickens did not agree with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.0307). The genotypic frequencies were 94.7 and 5.3% for both GG and GT genotypes respectively, whi

This study was aimed to induce and produce a polyploidy Robinia pseudoacacia seedling by different concentrations of colchicine (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) in various exposure times (12, 24 and 48 h), using in two experiments. In the first, were applied to the seeds by immersing method. In the second, were applied to shoot apical meristems by dropping method. The results showed significant effects of different interactions between colchicine concentration and exposure period on the seed germination, seedling survival rate and seedling characters. By increasing of the colchicine concentration the seed germination and seedling survival rate decreased significantly in colchicine concentrations (0.15 and 0.2%). Freque

This study was aimed to evaluate the Bacillus megatrium ability to growth and degradated the organophosphorus pesticides, Glyphosate. , Bacillus megaterium was isolated from Iraqi Soils and identification by morphological and biochemical tests beside a Sperber’s Medium as selectivity media. The best growth results were in (2- 60) days, had the same growth for both (5, 25) ppm on MSM. The best degradation rate ability % were in (25) ppm /60 days (70.9)%. The increasing in incubation show increasing of degradation ration% of Glyphosate  via HPLC specially after 60 days , the best ration were for (25)ppm .T