This study  was aimed recording the prevalence rates of the Cryptosporidium spp. and identify its species in buffalo at Babylon province by using microscopic (flotation and staining) and molecular technique to examined (100) buffalo fecal samples collected randomly from different sexes, ages, and regions, during the period from the beginning of October 2019, to end of March 2020. The percentage of infection with the Cryptosporidiosis was 40% by using the microscopic method, while, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) technique showed the infection rate was 61%, and according to age groups, recorded higher infection 77.5% at (≤6) months age group, followed by age group (>6 -1

The role of transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2) in prostate carcinogenesis relies on overexpression of ETS transcription factors. The aim of this article was to investigate the association of TMPRSS2 polymorphism (rs12329760 (C\T)) with prostate cancer (PCa) in sample of Iraqi patients. One hundred and two individuals were involved in this study for the period from February – 2019 to February – 2020. The sample type was formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples (FFPE), which involved  fifty-six samples of pre-diagnosed patients with prostate cancer, aged between 48 and 86 years, and forty-six samples were found to be controls (healthy group) dependent on Prostate Gland integrity, which is the same age

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of in-ovo injection with vitamin E and selenium during the incubation and post-hatching period. 360 fertilized eggs of Ross 308 broiler breeders were incubated, then distributed on 10^th day into three groups (120 eggs/group). 1^st group: uninjected eggs, 2^nd group: eggs were injected with 0.1 ml deionized water/egg in the chorioallantoic cavity, and 3^rd group: eggs were injected with 0.1 ml/egg of Introvit-E-Selen in chorioallantoic cavity. After hatching, 270 chicks were randomly distributed into six groups, and reared until 42 days aged as follows: birds in 1^st, 3^rd and 5^th groups drinks tap water only (fre

This study was aimed to identify the histological and histochemical composition of the Ileum in the Slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei). It was using histological stains and histological chemical techniques. The results showed that the Ileum was relatively long, so it characterized into two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The results showed that the mucous layer in the two parts consisted of villi that appeared conical in the anterior region and conical to a triangle in the posterior part, and the villi were more numerous and longer in the anterior part. The villi covered with a simple columnar epithelial tissue containing goblet cells in the two regions, but the goblet cells were significantly more

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen protected lysine on milk production, composition and some blood and rumen parameters. Nine local ewes were assigned into three groups (3 ewes for each) and were allocated into 3x3 Latin-square design. The first group (control) was fed concentrate diet. The second group (F-LYF) was fed the control diet and supplemented with free lysin (3g/ewe/day). The third group (P-LYS) was fed the control diet and supplemented with rumen protected lysine (3g/ewe/day). The ewes were offered 1000 g/ewe/day of concentrate and wheat straw ad libitum in addition to grazing for 6 hr per day.  Results revealed that ewes supplemented with P-LYS and F-LYS had a non-signific

This study was carried out to evaulate the effect of organic fertilization on the growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio cultured in rice fields and its effect on rice production as well as the possibilitd reducing the feed provided to fish. Four fields with an area of 100 m² were cultured Yasmine rice represented four treatments. Common carp fish were cultured in it with a weight of 100 g/fish and a culture density of 100 fish/field. In the first treatment, organic manure was added without providing fish feed, second treatment, organic manure was added with fish feed, the third treatment without adding organic manure with fish feed, and the fourth treatment without adding organic manure and wi

This study was carried out  to investigate the Inflammatory  reaction in broiler chicken after experimental infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) , which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) to measure pro inflammatory cytokines and IgG.  one hundred day old  broiler chicks  were randomly divided into five groups 20 birds each group, all groups except group 5 (control) were  infected at two weeks old with 0.2ml of 10⁶  cfu/bird of local MG ,groups treated as follows:  Group1 : infected  Intravenous( I.V) with MG isolate. Group2: : i

This study was included 155 records of Awassi ewes and 199 records of lambs born during two seasons (2011-2012), belonging to the College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University. The effect of year was highly significant on all traits except for weight gain from weaning to 180 days (GW180d). Age of dam was significantly affected daily milk yield (DMY), birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and gain from birth to weaning (GBW). Type of birth had significant  effect on DMY, BW,WW and weight at 180 days. The effect of lamb sex on WW, GBW was significant. Significant correlations coefficient were observed between DMY and total milk yield (TMY), months weight of lambs, GBW and GB180d being ranged from 0.46 to 0.99 and -0.4

This experiment aimed to study the effect of integrating a passive cooling system with varying air passage outlet clearances: 0 cm (C0, control), 10 cm (C1), 15 cm (C2), and 20 cm (C3) on the performance of polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV panels used in solar-powered irrigation systems. Performance metrics included PV efficiency, maximum power, required number of panels, and operational costs. Results showed a highly significant effect (P < 0.0001) of air passage clearance and PV type on all measured parameters. Specifically, the 10 cm clearance (C1) yielded the best outcomes, achieving the highest PV efficiency (16.26%), maximum power (41.12 W), lowest panel number (7), and lowest operational cost ($8.75). Among panel

This research aimed to measure the impact of trade openness and changes in the terms of trade on the growth of agricultural domestic product in Iraq for the period 1990-2020. The independent variables were represented by indicators (trade openness, agricultural exports, the rate of trade of agricultural crops, and the exchange rate). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) measures the relationship between variables, in addition to the PP test for the stability of the time series. After the estimated model passed the bounds test, the short-run and long-run functions were estimated. The results of the estimation in the short run showed the existence of a positive effect of both terms of tr

A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Raed Research Station, located 25 km west of Baghdad, to investigate the effects of machine speed and plowing depth on various performance indicators of a mechanized unit. A combined implement was utilized to simultaneously perform multiple agricultural operations. The experiment employed two main factors: forward speed of the mechanized unit, with three levels (1.004, 2.03, and 3.048 km h-1), and plowing depth, with three levels (5, 8, and 10 cm). The performance indicators studied included slip percentage, operating costs (IQD ha^-1), the number of soil clods larger than 22 mm in diameter, and Emergence percentage. Through the results obtained in the experime

Bacterial vaginosis, also known as BV, is a condition that is frequently associated with vaginal inflammation and can be caused by changes in the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiome. It is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. The goal of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance and the role of some virulence genes of E. coli isolates in the vaginosis of non-pregnant women (16–45 years old) as well as the stool of the same patient. A total of 160 samples were collected (130 vaginal swab samples and 30 samples from the stool). All isolates have been identified by MacConkey and Eosin methylene blue media, biochemical tests, and PCR detection of the UidA g

This study was aimed to examin the effect of CuONPs on both seeds germination, seedling growth and comparing the method of soaking and adding to the culture medium, The research was implemented at PTC. Lab. College of Biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during 2022 and 2023. The experimental design was factorial within CRD. It was included five experments and ten replicates (4X3). first experment  was by using Sodium Hypochlorite (0.0, 1, 2 and 3%) with (5, 10, 15min) duartion time. The second experment was CuONPs (0, 25, 50, 75mg,L‾¹ ) combined with (3,6,9 and 12 day) Time duration, same factors wre examined after soaking seeds with CuONPs which represented the third experment, fourth and fifth experments soaked befor

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو استخدام منهجية سطح الاستجابة (RSM) لتقييم تاثير الظروف التجريبية المختلفة على أزاله ليفوفلوكساسين (LVX) من المحاليل المائية عن طريق تقنيه التكتل الكهربائي (EC) مع اقطاب الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا. تم تحقيق عمليه التكتل الكهربائي بنجاح مع كفاءه أزاله 90 ٪. وفقا للنتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من تحليل الانحدار ، ويبين ان البيانات

The current study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to April 2019. One hundred and forty samples from different regions of Baghdad city, Iraq,  were collected from 50 calves, 40 children, and 50 water supplies for diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis. The prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in calves, children, and water by microscopic examination by using sucrose flotation, 30%, 27.5%, and 16% respectively. Twelve positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in the Genebank database for the first time in Iraq, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 5 sequences belong to G.intestinalis  for human(MN244831, MH925331, MN244829, MN244828, MN244830), 3 sequences for calves (MN244827,

هدف البحث الى استخدام نماذج الاستجابة النوعية لقياس كفاءة مزارع الرز وشمل المسح الميداني ثلاث أقضية في محافظة النجف (المشخاب، الحيرة، المناذرة) للموسم الزراعي 2017 ولعينة عشوائية بلغت 80 مزرعة (7.5 % من مجوع المزارع الكلية في المحافظة). تحقيقا لاهداف البحث قسمت مرحلة التحليل الى مرحلتين الاولى هي قياس الكفاءة الاقتصادية  وفق التوجي

The research aims to measure the economic efficiency and technological change and the total productivity of resources using the parameter and non-parameter methods, for agricultural companies registered in the Iraqi stock exchange, the number of 6 companies for the period from 2005 to 2017 based on the hypothesis that the  agricultural companies do not achieve economic efficiency and does not control the management of its operations, and It may be technically efficient but the size of its operations is not optimal. From non-parametric methods, the data envelope analysis method was used. Using the DEAP program, the Middle East Company achieved the highest average technical and cost efficiency of 0.62 and 0.58, respectively. T

This study was conducted to compare between two types of opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum) in concerning their pathogenicity after intraperitoneal inoculation of mice. A total of twenty four male albino mice were used in this study which divided equally into 3 groups, The first and second groups were inoculated with 0.2ml of 1x 10⁷spores/ml of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum  intraperitonially respectively, while the third group was inoculated with normal saline which served as control group. All animals wer

This study aimed to highlight the prevalence of the seasonal influenza in the different Iraqi provinces during 2018 year to study the epidemiological aspects, and their effect on the  frequency of disease and death cases caused by influenza virus. A total of 1359 throat and nasal swabs was collected from individuals suffering from influenza like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) for testing influenza virus type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and type B. RNA extracted and amplification with specific primers and probes. Results showed the incidence rate of flu A 16.7 (227/1359) and 4.7 of flu B per 100000 people-year that included 14.9 for H1N1, 1.5 for H3N2 and th

The needs of Artemia cysts in Indonesia currently reach ± ​​150 tons / year and all of them are from the imports, so it can become an obstacle in process of hatching fish and shrimp in the future. Increased Culture activities have an impact on increasing fisheries waste production, including fish feces. Fish feces have been proven to be used for the Culture of Moina macrocopa, but have not been tested for the production for ephipia M. macrocopa. This study aims to examine the use of fish aquaculture/feces as feed for the quality and quality of ephipia M. macrocopa. The treatment in this study was the concentration of suspension of tilapia feces 55 mg / L, 64 mg / L, and 73 mg / L and using

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of replacing treated and untreated rice impurities with urea, with or without acetic acid on the digestibility and performance of Awassi lambs. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs, aged 3-4 months with an initial weight 25.08 ± 0.64kg were divided into six treatments in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design. Experiment period was 56 days, 14/3/2022 to 9/5/2022, preceded by 10 days as an adaptation period. Individual feeding was conducted. All animals fed on three levels of rice impurities treated with urea (0, 50,100%) without acetic acid (T1, T2, T3) and with 1% acetic acid (T4, T5, T6) respectively. The results showed a highly increase (P<0.01) of dry matter a

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of organic and mineral fertilizers and agricultural sulfur on availability of N,P and K in soil and their concentrations in potato tubers. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during 2021 by adding three levels of organic fertilizer (Poultry manure) 0, 5, and 10 Mg ha^-1, and their symbols were OM₀, OM₁, and OM₂, respectively. three levels of mineral fertilizer 0, 50 and 100% of the fertilizers recommendation, their symbols were C₀, C₁, and C₂ respectively. three levels of agricultural sul

This study aimed to estimate soil erodibility in the middle of Erbil province. The results of indirect methods were compared with the observed K-factor in order to determine the most suitable method. The tests were carried out for nine soil locations by taking samples from topsoil. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties. The soil in study area is mostly clay and silt clay. The analysis was performed using three assessment models of soil erodibility; the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC), Vaezi et al and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) models. Soil erodibility for direct measured K values varied from 0.27 to 0.39 t h MJ⁻¹mm⁻¹ with standard deviation of 0.041

Two field and storage experiments were conducted at a Research Station affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad during the 2023 and 2024 season. To investigate the effect of cobalt chloride at three concentrations 0, 5, and 15 mg. L^-1 (C0, C1, C2) and silica gold at four concentrations 0, 5, 10, and 15 ml.L^-1 (Si0, Si1, Si2, Si3) to increase tubers production and quality and raise the storage capacity of industrial potato hybrid Hermes as factorial experiment  within R.C.B.D. with three replicates. The storage experiment was conducted in the refrigerated warehouse belongs to private sector, following the same design of field experiment, the results reveale

This study aimed to used automated spraying inside greenhouses using automated sprayers and compare it with traditional spraying. An experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses at the Research Center of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad / Jadriyah, during the summer season on the cucumber crop cultivar CADIAR F1. The techniques used in the spraying process included a locally-made automated sprayer to spray pesticides inside the greenhouses horizontally and a knapsack sprayer. Two types of nozzles were used: universal flat fan nozzle (120-02C) and (120-04C), with three different pressures (1.8, 3, 5) bar, using a constant speed of 2 km h^-1. T

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6

This study explored the effect of melatonin implantation on the fresh and cryopreserved semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Nine adult bulls were used and divided equally into three groups. The first group was left without treatment and regarded as control (T1), whereas the second (T2) and third (T3) groups were subcutaneously implanted with 72 and 90 mg of melatonin respectively on the left ear base and repeated one month post the first implantation. Semen was collected for 12 weeks and evaluated weekly for fresh, cooling, and post-cryopreserved (PC) protocols. The T3 group exhibited a higher (P≤0.05) sperm cell individual motility percentage, whereas, the T1 and T2 groups recorded better (P≤0.05

A lab experiment was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad. This experiment was aimed to investigate gene expression index in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) after preparation of salt and simulated drought stresses. Two tomato cultivars were selected which claimed to exhibit different levels of tolerance toward abiotic stresses designated as salt-tolerant Yassamine (Y) and salt-sensitive GS12 (G) to assess the test. Seven day-old seedlings from both cultivars were grown in MS media supplemented with four concentrations of NaCl at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM and four concentrations of PEG at 0, 10, 20, and 30% for 48 hours. The results were showed that

The estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of follicles and ovulation in chickens. The aim of this study was detect the association of estrogen receptor 2(ESR2) gene polymorphisms with the production performance of brown local Iraqi chicken. A total of 104 hens from the F4th generation of local chicken selected for high egg yield were used. The novel SNP(G40100A) transition within third prime untranslated region (3 prime UTR) of ESR2 gene. Three genotypes were found: Wild(GG), Heterozygous(GA), and Homozygous(AA) through (PCR-DAN sequencing). Chi-square analysis showed no significant  in genotypic and allelic frequencies for SNP which were agreement with Hardy-Weinberg

This study was aimed to investigate effect of spraying chelated Calcium and chelated Iron on the vegetative and floral growth characteristics of the Gazania plant , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad in the  autumn season 2019-2020 and spring season 2020-2021 . The study was carried out as a factorial experiment in R.C.B.D. Design with three replications. Two factors were included in this study: foliar sprays of chelated Calcium at concentrations of 1, 2, 4 g L^-1 (Ca₁-Ca₂-Ca₃), respectively, in addition to control treatment, and chelated Iron in concentrations of 1and 2 g L^-1 (Fe₁-Fe₂) respectively, in addition to co