This study was conducted to detect bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, using gamma interferon assay (GIA), and determine the prevalence in the governorate. The study was carried out among three groups of cattle: calves aged 6–12 months, heifers 13–24 months, and cows aged above two years. Bovine TB was detected by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the GIA, carried out on 404 cattle within the target population (31173) from different districts around the governorate. A TB prevalence rate of 8.9% was detected. The highest prevalence rate (10.5%) was in the cattle above two years of age, and the lowest rate (2.7%) was recorded in 6–12 m

The study was conducted at the Greater Zab River at Aski-Kalak City in three stations during the period from November 2020 to October 2021.The lowest water temperature value was 9.2°C at January while the highest value was 30 °C during July 2021. Salinity values ranged between 0.21 at January to 0.49 g/l during July 2021. Dissolve oxygen was high which range between 12.5 and 5.2 mg/l during December 2020 and July 2021 respectively. A total of 2368 specimens with a total weight of 848.97Kg were collected. These fishes were represented by 28 fish species belong to 7 families.The dominance commercial fishes (15 species) were recorded with a total weight of 775.56 kg formed 91.35% of a total fish catches. While, non – commercial

To determine the impact of climate change on the growth and yield of sunflower when planted at two different climatic times, a field experiment was conducted in Anbar Governorate, specifically in the Ramadi district, in the fields of one of the farmers. Five cultivars were used: "Aqmar", "Haysen", "Isaqi", " Flami a and "Tarzan", at three plant densities of 88,900, 66,670, and 53,300 plants ha^-1. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replications, in a split plot arrangement, where plant densities occupied the main plots and cultivars occupied the sub plots. The results indicated the superiority of the cultiv

The study aimed to improve potato plant productivity, roots growth biomass, and the efficiency of water utilization by using sustainable treatments .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split plot arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irrigati

This study was aimed to find a hopeful antibacterial product from Streptomyces spp. acts against colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples. Among 46 K. pneumoniae isolates, 4 (8.7%) isolates represented Colistin resistance using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. Out of 20 soil samples collected from different gardens at Essaouira city, 18 Streptomyces spp. were isolated and identified. The bioactivity of each Streptomyces isolate was checked against antibiotic-resistant pneumococci. The result showed that only six isolates had high antibacterial activity, 3

The aim of the study was investigate the occurrence of multidrug resistance efflux pumps genes in local clinical isolates of Salmonella sp and try to apply efflux inhibitor for phenotypic detection besides their possibly future therapeutic uses to retain the activity of some frequently used antibiotics. Among 114 bacterial specimens obtained from several hospitals in Baghdad city only 67 isolates were diagnosed to Salmonella typhi according to conventional and molecular methods. The disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) method was adopted to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of S. typhi isolates, and the results revealed variable rates of resistance to various antibiotics. While Gentamicin are the most effect

The chili pepper plant Capsicum annuum L. is used in processed foods and pharmaceuticals given the importance of Capsaicin; it has been produced through cell cultures of chili pepper obtained from a media known as  Murashige and Skoog (MS), which is supplied by the best concentration1.5 and 0.3 mg/L of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (kin.), respectively, gave highest fresh and dry weights of callus, reaching (368.06,29.40) mg respectively which was significantly different from other treatments. When determining the alkaloid compound capsaicin by HPLC, Its amount in the callus was found to be 3.8 μg/g after being treated with a nano dose of 0 mg/L. an increase of 1.5 fold over the quantity in the

This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of Human Leukocyte Antigens- G (HLA-G) gene polymorphisms on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, blood samples were collected from 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 100 healthy controls. Serum levels of HLA-G in both patients and controls were measured using ELISA kit which was shown a higher significant differences (p< 0.05) in comparison between them (539.3 ng/ml and 139.3ng/ml) respectively.  The frequency of the allele and genotypes in the patient groups and control groups were determined using  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for 14 bp polymorhisms in exon 8 (rs66554220) while direct sequencing analysis was done to dete

This study evaluated the CRISP2 gene's functional single nucleotide polymorphisms, and its results may be advantageous for future population-based studies and early diagnostic discoveries, particularly in developing effective treatments. The CRISP2 gene encodes a secretory protein with a high cysteine content, which belongs to the family of cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP). SNPs are genetic variations that may affect a protein's structure or functionality. Prior to carrying out a broader population investigation, it is possible to evaluate suspected functional SNPs since it is challenging to uncover functional SNPs in disease-linked genes. As a result, using various bioinformatic predict

A factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates, including three seeding rates (200,250, and300seeds.m^-2), and three grain size grades of Admiral variety of triticale whole (ungraded), thousand seed weight (TSW) 47.32g, heavy seeds 54.04g and light seeds 40.18g; for two successive growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The results revealed that spike length resembled number of spikelets per spike, grain density and number of grain per spike as seeding rate 200 with whole seeds attained highest value. Great differences between the two seasons were obvious, which was attributed to shortage in rainfall in the second season(407.1mm and 165.4

This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5.

This study was conducted to identify the polymorphism of ATP1A1 gene, distribution ratios, and its association with semen characteristics of Holstein bulls. Twenty-five Holstein bulls were used currently. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture to separate the DNA and identify the polymorphism of the ATP1A1 gene. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina for fresh evaluation. Results were showed the change of cytosine (C) nucleotide at site 15738 to adenine (A) at the exon 17 (SNP C15738A) of the ATP1A1 gene. Two polymorphisms were obtained according to this change, the first is wild (CC; allele frequency 0.84), and the secon

This study was concentrated for isolation and identification of 60 (35.2%) Proteus mirabilis isolates out of 170 urine samples from patients suffering from urinary tract infection  from different hospitals in Baghdad city during a period from September 2020 to January 2021. The isolates were cultivated on selective media and biochemical reactions were used to identify them confirmatory APi 20 E tests. The sixty selected isolates were tested for resistance against four antibiotics. The results shown that there were differences in the antibiotic resistance of isolates. High resistance to nalidixic acid and ampicillin were found among isolates as (75%) and (51%) respectively while the resistance of Proteus mirabili

This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of amalgamated NPS chemical fertilizer on crop performance and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L (Merrill)) varieties on acidic soil during 2020 cropping season. Varieties of soybean i.e “Katta” and “Korme” and six levels of amalgamated NPS chemical fertilizer were used in factorial arrangement within randomized complete block design with three replications. Nodule parameters were highly influenced (P<.001) by the main effect of amalgamated NPS chemical fertilizer levels. The highest grain yield (2390 kg ha^-1) was obtained from application of 19(N) 38(P₂O) 7(S), kg ha^-1 .. “Katta”and “Korme” varieties

A field experiment was carried out during  the spring season 2020 at the University of Baghdad to study  the effect of the length and depth of the drip tape on  wetting  advance ofsubsurface drip irrigation system using Hydrus 2D/3D program. The site was planted with sunflower  in a clay loam texture. The drip tape was installed at 0.3m below soil surfacein two lengths; 20m and 40m. The experiment was designed according to the arrangement of split plotsdesign and  with three replications. The treatments were randomly distributed and planted with sunflower crop. The results showed that the moisture contents of the 20 mlength drip tape was higher compared with  the 40 m   drip tape lengt

This study was conducted during the period from March till the end of October 2018, to study the histopathological changes of Myxobolus bramae in kidney tissue of Carasobarbus luteus caught from Tigris River passing through Baghdad city.  During the period of this study, a total of 60 fishes belonging to Carasobarbus luteus species from the family Cyprinidae were collected. The prevalence of infection with these protozoa was determinate (5.00%). Histopathological study due to M. bramae in the kidney tissue of C. luteus was done by using three types of stain: Hemotoxylin and eosin, giemsa and acid fast stain to observe plasmodia cyst and structures of spores. These changes

The current study was aimed to test the ability of Hydrilla verticillata plant ability to accumulated of cadmium and lead in its tissues. The plant was treated with different concentrations of cadmium (1,2,4,8) ppm and lead (0.5,5,10,20) ppm for 21 days'. The concentration of metals was measured in plant and water, Bioaccumulation factor and removal ratio were also measured during days (1,7,14,21), as well as measured biomass and length of the plant were measured at the end of the experiment. The results were shown that the highest cadmium and lead removal rate were (77, 88) % at concentration (4, 10) ppm during (21, 7) days, respectively, also the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of the two metals were (21639 and 45467) at

In this study, four types of basil seed extracts were used, being cold aqueous extract, hot aqueous extract, petroleum ether extract, and methanolic extract.Nine concentrations (10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 312.56, 156.25, 78.125, 39.0, 0.0) µg/ml were used to study the extracts cytotoxicity against two breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and AMJ13 beside REF cell line as normal cells. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition rate of 64.4% on MCF7 cell line at concentration of 1250 µg/ml and 42.4% on AMJ13 cell line at a concentration  of 39.0 µg/ml with significant difference as compared to  control  sample during the 72hr exposure period. While the petroleum ether extract showed a lower inhibition rate of

This study was  investigated the P transformation in three soils gathered from different locations (Agricultural researches center in Tel Afar, Ain-Talawi and Sinu in Singar) in north of Iraq representing different gypsum content and land use [wheat (W), vegetable (V), uncultivated (Un)] after incubation period of (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90) days. The soils were treated with 200 mg P kg^-1 as superphosphate (S) or 30 g kg^-1 soil manure as a cattle manure (A) or compost (p). The appropriate amounts of water were added to bring soil to estimated field capacity. After the specified time of each incubation period, sub-sample of soil analyzed

This study was aimed to investigate the lead and cadmium in water and in fish samples collected from three sites of Gharraf River at Thi Qar from September 2020 until April 2021. Results showed that (Pb) in river water ranged 0.156 - 4.306µg/l and the (Cd) 0.074 - 0.523 µg/l which recorded a significant differences among all sites as well as among all seasons. In addition the concentrations of Pb in some tissues  of  Cyprinus carpio ranged 0.069 - 4.98µg/g in muscles and kidney respectively, while Cd  ranged  0.038 - 1.46 µg/g in muscles and kidney respectively. The study also sho

The antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from Origanum compactum, Thymus capitatus, Foeniculum vulgare, and Rosmarinus officinalis was assessed with the well diffusion method and a microbroth dilution assay against E. coli isolated from the carcasses of rabbits. The chemical composition of these essential oils was also determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of this study indicate that essential oils with high phenol content exert a strong antibacterial activity against E. coli. Essential oils of Origanum compactum and Thymus capitatus containing high amounts of the monoterpenoid phenols thymol and car

This article investigates the ability of two types of mealybugs, citrus (Planococcus citri) and longtailed (Pseudococcus longispinus) mealybugs, of acquiring and transmitting Grapevine vein-clearing virus (GVCV) in a greenhouse setting. Mealybugs are the primary vectors for most Badnaviruses, and only a few species have been shown to be aphid-transmitted. In this study, we tested the acquisition and transmission ability of two mealybug species using GVCV-infected and healthy grapevines in a greenhouse setting for three consecutive seasons. This study determined that acquisition time by the mealybugs could be as low as three days, yet the transmission of GVCV from infected grapevines to healthy grapevine

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol acetate) supplementation and melatonin implants on growth performance, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs fed by a high and normal energy concentrated diet in Iraq. Lambs were divided equally to two main groups to be fed either high or normal energy diet ,and each of them divided in to five treatment, the first as a control (T1,T6),two level of melatonin (18, 36mg/lamb) were applied to (T2,T3,T7,T8) and two level of vitamin E (200,400mg/lamb/day) to (T4,T5,T9,T10).All animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lambs received 400 g/day vitamin E with

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Crop Sciences Department at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on yield, components, water use efficiency, and water consumption under water stress for sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was used within split -plot arrangement with three replicates, where the main plots included three levels of water stress (irrigation at 40, 60, and 80% of available water) coded as W₁, W₂, and W₃, respectively. The nano and metallic boron spray conc

According to the obtained data in 2019-2020, a plant height of the earliest variety Galiya was 201 cm, mid-season L-7897 and Tandem were 218 cm, late ripening Yarik was 282 cm. The maximum yield was obtained from the hybrid Yarik 77.0 t ha^-1 of green matter and 21.5 t ha^-1 of dry matter. A significant yield of green and dry matter was provided by L-7897 and Tandem. The data of the dry matter analysis show that the combinations Tandem and Yarik exceed the rates of the best standard Silosnoe 88 in terms of crude protein content and have high rates of metabolic energy. The crude fat content was similar to the standard rates. It was also found to be significant in the varieties Tandem and L-7897. The presence of

This study was aimed to detect the prevalence of blaVIM and blaNDM genes among Enterobacter cloacae isolates that were isolated from Iraqi patients. About 50 bacterial isolates were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city and all these isolates were diagnosed using biochemical tests and CHROMagar culture media and conformed using the Vitek II system. The antibiotic susceptibility for E.cloacae isolates  was determined using the disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) method and the results showed that  these bacteria were showed  resistance to Cefepime and Meropenem antibiotics in percentage (50%), (40%) respectively. In addition it is resistant to Amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, Piperaci

This study includes the using therapeutic bacteria isolate in topical ointment for bacterial vaginosis treatment and to compare it with metronidazole ointment that use in a clinical trial under medical supervision. Four active Lactobacillus probiotics bacteria were cultured in %12 skim milk , three of these bacteria were commercial types and one Iraqi local isolate , the total bacterial count of probiotics bacteria were around ≥ 10¹² cfu/ml . %10 of individually culture free cells  filtrate were added to Muller Hinton broth with secretions of patients infected with bacterial vaginosis "BV", %50 of  natural organic components and %50 of local isolat

The objective of this study was to determine the genotypes and allele frequency of polymorphism at position +7605 in exon 4 of the goats lactoferrin gene and to quantify their association with milk production  traits using 50  goats , A 430 bp product of Lactoferrin gene exon4 was amplified and the goats were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and NlaIII restriction enzyme. The study revealed of SNP (+7605 C/T) in Lactoferrin gene exon4 and Two alleles T and C, were identified in the studied population .

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen protected lysine on milk production, composition and some blood and rumen parameters. Nine local ewes were assigned into three groups (3 ewes for each) and were allocated into 3x3 Latin-square design. The first group (control) was fed concentrate diet. The second group (F-LYF) was fed the control diet and supplemented with free lysin (3g/ewe/day). The third group (P-LYS) was fed the control diet and supplemented with rumen protected lysine (3g/ewe/day). The ewes were offered 1000 g/ewe/day of concentrate and wheat straw ad libitum in addition to grazing for 6 hr per day.  Results revealed that ewes supplemented with P-LYS and F-LYS had a non-signific

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of surface sprinkler and drip irrigation systems using a model AquaCrop, irrigation intervals, bio-organic fertilizers and polymers in desert soils. Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 at Karbala governorate. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experiment was desi