Background : AgNOR parameters are well known to pathologists as a proliferation marker with advantage over other proliferation markers of being cheaper, simpler and able to assess
proliferation speed as well as state , AgNOR stainability was found to be well preserved in smears kept for up to 2 years , studies have shown that AgNOR values can serve as a useful
prognostic parameter and a marker for tumour progression in different carcinomas (1) This study was conducted to see the importance of AgNOR staining in the peritoneal fluid
cytopathological examination
Patient and Methods: It was a descriptive and prospective study conducted in Department of cytopathology in the medical city and Department of pathol

Background: The role of cytokines in cancer immunity and carcinogenesis in general has been well established, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of many solid cancers.This study aimed to estimate serum levels of IL-2 and IL-4, and to shed light on the correlation of these interleukins with progression of breast cancer.
Patients and Methods: The study included 80 women, it comprised of 45 breast cancer patients, 12 patients with benign breast lesions and 23 apparently healthy controls. ELISA method has been used for estimation the level of IL-2 and IL-4 in serum of three studied groups.
Results: This study showed elevation of IL-4 level in the sera of breast cancer patients with significant dif

Background: Interleukin -6 (IL-6) as the key mediator of the acute phase reaction is of interest .elevated protein concentrations of IL-6 in the blood have been shown in patients with type 2
diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of IL-6 and type 2 diabetes. 
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 person apparently healthy control were examined for IL-6 level by Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay. HbA1c determined by high pressure liquid chromatography .total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were determined enzymatically. Other risk factors study like age, sex and BMI.
Results: results shows that IL-6 was highe

Background: The role of cytokines in cancer immunity and carcinogenesis in general has been well established, which play an important role in pathogenesis of many solid cancer. This study aimed to shed light on the possible role of IL-6 in pathogenesis of CRC and its relationship with serum CEA level.
Patients and methods: This study covered 50subjects. It comprised of 30 patients with CRC, compared with 20 healthy normal controls. Serum IL-6 and CEA analysis were performed by ELISA.
Results: This study revealed a significant elevation in serum IL-6 level among CRC patients (16.2 pg/ml) in comparison to that of healthy control (4.8 pg/ml) (p<0.001). As well as an interesting significant increase of

Background: Cerebral ventricular enlargement has been associated with many neurological disorders. Whether this enlargement is primary or secondary to these pathological conditions remains controversial. To define such enlargement, one must have measurements in normal subjects (controls).
Patients and methods: One hundred-twelve (66 male and 46 females) apparently healthy normal subjects, with age ranging between 10-69 years were subjected to C. T scans as part of routine diagnostic workup for complaint of headache or recent minor motor-vehichle accident The ratio (measured as percent) of the ventricular-cross area of the lateral ventricle The maximum width (MTW) of the third ventricle was also deter

الخلفية:ان الهليوم- نيون ليزر(632,8 نانومتر) قد يؤدي الى تقليل الاثار الضارة الناتجة من الاشعة المؤذية ربما عن طريق حث بعض اليات الدفاع المضادة للاكسدة او تعجيل اصلاح الضرر.

الهدف: لدراسة خصائص حماية الهليوم- نيون ليزر(632,8 نانومتر) وذلك بتقليل ضرر الاشعة فوق البنفسجية (253,7 نانومتر) على الخلايا اللمفاوية في دم الانسان وكذلك الحمض النووي لنفس الخلايا.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society.
Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GO

Background: Impaired lipid metabolism are well recognized factors for Coronary artery disease (CAD) which is the major reason of mortality and morbidity all over world. The incident of CAD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing.

Aim: The current study aimed to study some biochemical variables (vitamin D3, lipid profile, Insulin, FBG and HbA1C) in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease and compare them with healthy people.

Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in human beings (apparently healthy and patients). It is statistically considered as [case- control study], the voluntaries were divided as following: 40 apparently healthy persons (40 mal

الخلفيه العلميه: الليبتين، عبارة عن بروتين يفرز من مصادر متعددة، وتقوم بدورها من خلال ارتباطها بمستقبلات خاصة لها تسمى بمستقبلات الليبتين، وتلعب دوراً مهم في العقم لدى الذكور .

الهدف من الدراسه: تقييم مستوى الليبتين ومستقبلات اللبتين في السائل المنوي للذكور ذو العقم الاولي وتاثيرها على نوعيه السائل المنوي.

طرق العمل :  تضمنت الدر

الخلفيه : استنشاق الجسم الغريب حاله طارئه وخطره خاصه فى الاطفال وهي ظاهره شائعه في العراق ويواجهها يوميا اطباء جراحة الصدر 

الهدف : هو تسجيل حاله نادره لاستنشاق جسم غريب منسي قبل 15 سنه ومقارنة ذلك ببحوث اخرى 

الطرق :تفاصيل الحاله السريريه والشعاعيه وطريقة رفع الجسم الغريب  تحت التخدر العام

During the 3^rd BBIC (Biosafety and Biosecurity international conference), in Amman, 13-15 September 2011, I witnessed the most astonishing and elegant lecture by the pioneer in this field Dr. Andrew Hessel (1).