الخلاصة: الخلفية:لوحظ ازدياد اصابات الحروق مع زيادة نسبة الوفيات حيث تختلف المسببات الجرثومية للاصابات حسب توزيع المناطق الجغرافية .

الهدف:هذة الدراسة شملت عزل المكورات الخبيئة وطريقة تشخيصها من مرضى الحروق الراقيدن في المستشفى التخصصي  للحروق  في مدينة بغداد .

 طرق العمل : اجريت الدراسة لهولاء للفترة من تشرين الاول 2011 ولغاية ايار 2012 وتم استخدام المسحة

خلفية الموضوع :  تمزق الام الجافية غير المتعمد اثناء عمليات الفقرات القطنية المتقهقرة, احد المضاعفات التي تحدث بصورة غير قليلة وحسب البحوث المنشوره معدل حدوث هذه المضاعفات فيها تفاوت كبير.

الغاية من الدراسة: هو لتحديد معدل الحدوث والعلاج و المضاعفات التي تحدث من تمزق الام الجافيه غير المتعمد ,النتائج كانت نتيجة متابعة سريرية ولمدة ( 2شهر – 24شهر ) .

خلفية: سرطان القولون هو مرض شائع جدا في جميع أنحاء العالم كونها رابع السرطان الأكثر شيوعا التي تتميز انتشار غير طبيعي للجدار الداخلي القولون في البداية ثم أخذ كامل سمك جدار القولون ثم إلى الغدد الليمفاوية والأنسجة المحيطة وأخيرا الى الانسجة البعيدة. وهو واحد من أكثر الأمراض تعقيدا مع الأعراض المنهكة التي تصبح أكثر قسوة، بارزة ومحددة مع تقدم مرحلة مع نسبة عالية من الوفيات والنجاة قصيرة نسبيا إذا تم

Background: Extradural hematoma (epidural hematoma) result from tearing of dural or skull vessels caused by deformation of the skull or fracture. Epidural hematoma can occur at all ages but are seen primarily in patients younger than 60 years.
Patients and Methods: this prospective study was conducted on 50 patients (38 male, 12 female) suffering from head injury and has a CT scan evidence of extradural hematoma during the period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2008 in Neurology surgery hospital.
Results: There were 4 patients above 50years, the cause of injury was fall in50%, assault24%, RTA20%and bullet injury 6%.the commonest site was temporal region 42%.surgical treatment were done to 39 patient

Background: The coexistence of renal and heart failure carries an extremely bad prognosis. The exact cause of deterioration of kidney function and the mechanism underlying this interaction are complex, multifactorial in nature, and still not completely understood. Both the heart and the kidney act in tandem to regulate blood pressure, vascular tone, diuresis, natriuresis, etc.
Patients and methods: Sixty patients mean age 65.5 year were complaining heart failure duo to different causes assessed for renal function (blood urea &creatinine) and cardiac function by echocardiography in day 0 and 10 day after treatment of heart failure.
Results: The mean value (±S.D) of blood urea and serum creatinine on day 0 were 64.17mg/dL (±30.

Background: Acute exercise stress is associated with a lower lymphocyte functional response. It is suggested that exercise can enhance or reduce immunity depending on the frequency, duration, and intensity of the exercise.
Subjects and Methods: From November 2007 to January 2008, thirty healthy Volunteers were recruited from medical, paramedical staffs, and students of Baghdad College of Medicine (all males). Participants were chosen according to the following: (1)Age (between 20 and 35 years), (2) Non obese : Body mass index (BMI in kg/m2) was used as an index of obesity, (3) Non-smoker, (4) No recent medical problem, (5) No recent medications, and (6) No musculoskeletal complaint. After a general m

Background: Population studies suggest that 3–8% of asymptomatic adults have thyroid nodules. Nodules have a 5–15% prevalence of malignancy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the primary and frequently initial tool for assessing the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules and selecting patients for thyroid surgery.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was done during the period from June 2007 to November 2008. The study includes 141 patients with palpable solitary or multiple thyroid nodules. Only patients with normal or low TSH values were referred for ultrasound examination and ultrasound guided FNAC, which were done using fine needles (G 20).
Results: eleven patients (7.8%) have insuffici

Background: The etiology of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is believed to have an immunological component. Association with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) has been previously reported, particularly with DR6.
Patients and methods: 75 cardiac patients were admitted to the coronary care unit, Baghdad Teaching Hospital over the period October 2008-May 2009 with the clinical diagnosis of acute
coronary syndrome and STEMI myocardial infarction their ages range was (25-82) years the number of male was (55) (73.3%) and female was (20) (26.7%). All cases have routine ECG, cardiac marker’s measurements, routine haematological, Biochemical test and 2mls of blood reserved for HLA study.
Results: It was found that H

Background: image processing of medical images is major method to increase reliability of cancer diagnosis.
Methods: The proposed system proceeded into two stages: First, enhancement stage which was performed using of median filter to reduce the noise and artifacts that present in a CT image of a human lung with a cancer, Second: implementation of k-means clustering algorithm.
Results: the result image of k-means algorithm compared with the image resulted from implementation of fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm.
Conclusion: We found that the time required for k-means algorithm implementation is less than that of FCM algorithm.MATLAB package (version 7.3) was used in writing the programming code of our w

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective method for long-term weight loss. Rapid weight reduction after BS may contribute to the formation of gallstones.

Objectives: To assess the rate, and to identify the associated factors, of gallstone formation after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 128 patients with morbid obesity, who were treated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and followed up at two weeks, one month, six months, and one year after surgery between October 2018 and July 2020, at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad and the Dowaly Private Hospital. Data was collected using

Background: Beta-thalassemia major is a prevalent global condition characterized by a rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Regular blood transfusions can give rise to problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and renal disorders. Alpha-Klotho protein is a protein that has anti-aging properties and is involved in several functions, including reducing oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism through several routes, and managing calcium and phosphate metabolism.

Objective: This study aimed to assess changes in calcium and phosphate levels, Alpha-Klotho protein concentration, and their associations with cardiac dysfunction in patients with Beta-thalassemia major.

Background: Unilateral sinonasal disease is commonly encountered during the practice of the otolaryngologists, the etiology include a wide variety of diseases ranging from simple
acute inflammation to highly malignant diseases. The clinical, computed tomography and histopathology differs between inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
Patients and Methods: A prospective study carried out at the Otolaryngology department, Baghdad Medical City, Hospital of specialized surgeries between Jan.2007 to Nov.2008.The study involved 114 patients with symptoms and signs of unilateral sinonasal disease, a careful history, complete clinical examination and radiological investigations were done to all patients as well

Background:
Bronchiolitis is the first episode of wheezing associated with low-grade fever, rhinitis, tachypnea, and increase respiratory effort in a previously healthy infant during the winter
months. It is the most common disease of the lower respiratory tract.
Methods:
This is a case control study carried out on one hundred infants with a mean age of 3.9 months ± 2.2 months admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical City –
Baghdad with acute bronchiolitis during the period from 1st January 2006 to 1st April 2006. epidemiological risk factors, clinical presentations, chest X-ray findings, treatment,
complications and outcome were analyzed. Another one hundred infants (age and sex 

الخلفية :  بالرغم من وجود توصيات متبعة لاستخدام بروتوكولات متعددة من ادوية العلاج الكيمياوي لسرطان الثدي المنتشر ولكن تبقى الاستجابة العلاجية متغيرة وغير ثابته.

الغرض من الدراسه:  الهدف من هذه الدراسه هو التقصي عن وجود تأثيرات اوعلاقه بين ادوية العلاج الكيمياوي المختلفة المستخدمة في علاج سرطان الثدي المنتشر مع مستويات بعض المؤشرات الحيوية في مصل دم الم

المقدمه :-

 الدوالي من الامراض الشائعة في العراق.ازدادت نسبة الاصابة وذلك لوجود وظائف مثل الحراس الشخصيين, الحلاقين وموظفوا الحاسبات.

الهدف من الدراسة:  هو لبيان نسبة الاصابة, الاعراض, طرق التشخيص والطرق الجراحية الاكثر استخداما من قبل جراحي الاوعية الدموية في مستشفى الشهيد غازي الحريري للجراحات التخصصية/مدينة الطب التعليمية و

Background: infection monomcleosis is caused by the ubiquitous Epstein-Barr virus.

Background: Frostbite is a cold weather injury characterized by tissue freezing. It can adversely impact military operations. This study was carried out to demonstrate the
frostbite among Iraqi -Iranian war.
Materials: The over surveillance period was 1st Dec. 1987 to 1st March 1988. A form was tilled for each affected soldier. All cases were followed till Dec. 1988.
Results: The reported frostbite cases were 10 000 cases. The rate was of 100 cases per 100 000 person - year. The foot was the most affected site. High frostbite cases were reported
during the active military operations.
Conclusion: Education, acclimatization and strict enforcement of cold weather injury preventive measures arc necessary in

Background: prolonged usage of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is often associated with exfoliation of a typical cells.

Background:Incisional hernia is frequently occurring post operative complication after general surgery with occurance rate 2%-----11%,, it is either appear soon after operation or
late occurring incisional hernia..
Patient &methods: This is a prospective study that was conducted on 84 patients who were admitted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from Oct. 1999 to Aug. 2001 for
repair of incisional hernias. Their ages were ranging from 24-74 years with mean age of (48 ±12). Sixty-nine patients were elective and 15 patients were urgent. Assessment of the patients
for the predisposing factors influencing the development of incisional hernia was done and in our study these factors were: -
R

Background: To find an operation that can be effectively carried out in both adults and children, equally applicable in the elective as well as in the emergency situation and for the good – risk as well as the poor – risk patients. Done by expert and junior surgeons in a short time. 
Patients and Methods: Twenty patients with portal hypertension and bleeding varices aged 9-45 years were treated with shunting procedures (group 1, n=10), or a modified Sugiura operation (group 2, n=10) in accordance with the following therapeutic protocol: after resuscitation and diagnostic endoscopy, an emergency modified Sugiura operation was carried out if bleeding could not be controlled over 24 hours. When blee

Placenta accrete is defined as an abnormally adherent placenta that is directly attached to the myometrium because of inadequate development of the fibrinoid layer (Nitabuch layer) and absence of decidua basilis either partially or totally. (1) Three degrees of placenta accrete exist depending on the depth of villous invasion: placenta accreta is when villi
become attached to myometrium, placenta increta: the villi invade the myometrium, placenta percreta represents the greatest degree of severity where placental villi penetrate
throughout myometrium and peritoneum extending sometimes to adjacent structure such as the bladder. (1, 2, 3)Placenta accreta accounts for 78% of

Background: This study comprises0two parts, the first one dealt with epidemiology, etiology and clinical picture of"brain abscess. This part describes diagnostic investigations,
management and final outcome of brain abscess during a 10 years period. 
Methods: The case records of patients with brain abscess admitted to the neurosurgical specialties hospital in Baghdad over a 10 years period extending from 1 " Jan. 1993 to 3 1 " Dec.
2002, inclusive were reviewed. Data obtained included demographic and clinical data.
Results: Results of peripheral leukocytes count, ESR and CSF were supportive in 16.7%, 67.9% 78` o ol'cases in which tests were applied, respectively. CT scan was suggestive in 100%
of cases.

Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis is a precancerous lesion. A commonly used test for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric endoscopy with biopsy collection, and a good
serological test would be best include low levels of pepsinogen I (PGI) or a low PGI/PGII ratio. 
Aim of the study: T o confirm the use of serum pepsinogens as a screening marker in atrophic gastritis.
Patients and Methods: A study was conducted in the period between December 2005 and March 2006 on 25 patients with atrophic gastritis attending Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, and 25 healthy control subjects. Sera were tested for PGI and PGII by ELISA test.
Results and Conclusions: th

Background: Quantitation of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) provides useful information for the evaluation of certain cancers.
Objectives:to estimate serum immunoglobulins level before and after surgery, and to shed light on the correlation of immunoglobulins with progression of CRC.
Patients and Methodes. By single radial immune diffusion method IgG, IgA, IgM were estimated in 100 CRC patients preoperatively, and in 20 patients postoperatively compared with 35
patients control with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 50 healthy control.
Results: The study showed significantly increased the serum IgM level in patients group preoperatively (p<0.001) compared with control group. On the other hand, no sig

Background:

Background:

الارتفاع الغير طبيعي للحامض البولي  هي حالة مرضية   حاصلة نتيجة الانتاج المتزايد للحامض او قلة في طرح هذا الحامض عن طريق الجسم او بسبب كلتا الحالتين . الحامض البولي هو الناتج النهائي لل purine  الموجود في الجسم .

أثناء سنِ الرشد، يَزِيدُ تركيزَ بلازما الحامضِ البوليِ بشكل  إضافي وهذه الزيادةِ تتفاوت حسب الاختلاف الحاصل  بالطول ، وزن جسمِ، ضغط دمّ، وظيفة الكلى، استخد

خلفيه البحث:الرهاب الاجتماعي هو شعور بالخوف من واحده أو أكثر من المواقف الاجتماعية مصحوبه بأعراض القلق حيث يتجنب المريض هذه المواقف.

أهداف البحث: يهدف البحث الى بيان معدل انتشار اضطراب الرهاب الاجتماعي لدى طلبه كليه الطب ,ودراسة الخصائص الاجتماعيةوالديموغرافية ,مع توضيح مدى تأثير الرهاب الاجتماعي غلى التحصيل الاكاديمي. كذلك يهدف البحث لدر

خلفية الدراسة : مرض بايلز تشوه نمو نهايات العظام العائلي هو مرض يصيب نهايات العظام الطويلة مع تشوه يشبه شكل قدح الاختبار المختبري.

المرضى وطرق العمل : العلامات السريرية لخمس حالات مسجلة من مرض بايلز (بايلز) تميزت بصفات ميكانيكا حياتية تختلف عن صفات العظام الطبيعية قدمت في البحث. المريض الاول كان لديه انحراف الركبتين الى الجهة الوحشية اجريت لها عملية قص وتعديل العظم مع تثبيت داخل

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma are two of the most common pathologic mass lesions. Both are encountered mainly in elderly males. The caspases family is a group of at least 15 known proteases that serve as initiator & effector molecules of the apoptosis pathway. Caspase-3, in particular, is thought to play a pathogenetic role in both prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma. Finasteride is a medication that has routinely been given to patients with hyperplasia and carcinoma; its prostate size-reducing effect is thought to be mediated through caspases.
Patients and methods: fifty patients with prostatic mass lesions were included in this study (20 with hyperplasia &