Background: peritoneal cavity can be involved in inflammatory and malignant diseases and using computed tomography (CT) findings of exudative ascites may help in the differentiation.
Objectives: 1-Describe CT features in patients with exudative ascites.2-Obtain useful CT findings to differentiate between tuberculous (TB) peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Patients &methods: A cross sectional study conducted in Medical City Teaching Complex from September 2009 to September 2010 studied patients with exudative ascites using CT scan and confirmed later with histopathology examination. CT scan results were presented according to cytology examination and biochemical analysis.
Results: 35 patients with exudative ascites we

Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy with wide interethnic and geographic variations (l).it constitutes 1% of solid organ malignancy (2) but they are still the most common endocrine (3)cancer .well differentiated (follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma accounts for 80-90% of the approximately 28000 new cases each year and the estimate of 376000 existing cases of primary thyroid cancer in Europe and united states(2) , while in Germany it is the 13th most frequent maiignancy(2-7) new cases per 100000 inhabitantsK 1)-
There have been many recent advances in our understanding of thyroid diseases. An adenoma- carcii.oma sequence for the development of thyroid neoplasm has been based on the characterization of a number proto-oncogene and

Background: Sildenafil is a drug that is used to treat erectile dysfunctions, it acts by inhibiting CGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the penis. The most common adverse effects of sildenafil are headache, dyspepsia, nasal congestion and impaired vision which includes photophobia and blurred vision. Many dermatological side effects are present like flushing, urticaria, sweating and many others.
Patients and Methods: Fifty six males were included in this study, with ages between 37 – 60 years and a mean age of 50.1 ± 7.1years. The study was conducted from November 2004 till May 2009 in the Department of Dermatology of Al-Kadhymia Teaching Hospital in Baghdad;

Background: Lung cancer is a disease in which cells in the lung grow out of control and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body such as the brain. Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs. The chance that a man will develop lung cancer in his lifetime is about 1 in 15; for a woman, the risk is about 1 in 17. These numbers include both people who smoke and those who don't smoke. Worldwide; prevalence of the lung cancer was decreased in the last decade.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of lung cancer in Al Nagaf Governorate during 2019 and 2020

Patients and Methods:

A Registry-based cross sectional study was conduct

Background: Mammary duct ectasia is defined as dilated duct larger than 2 mm in diameter seen in fibrocystic changes, ductal epithelial hyperplasia, papiloma, DCIS. US has a significant role in diagnostic breast imaging. It is most commonly used as an adjunctive test in characterizing lesions detected by other imaging modalities or by clinical examination

Objective: This study was designed to investigate differences in ultrasonographic findings between malignant and benign mammary duct ectasia.

Patients and Methods: From November 2010 to July 2011, 100 womem with mammary duct ectasia lesions depicted on sonograms were included in this study. We evaluated the ultrasonograp

Background: The removal of an impacted foreign body in the esophagus is still a common practice in the Thoracic Department of the Medical City Hospital .The objective of this study is to cast a light on this rather a common phenomenon in our country , its risks and its management.
Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 120 patients with foreign bodies in the esophagus managed successfully in our department during five years period 1998 – 2002 inclusive .The study included 65 males and 55 females . Their ages range between I year and 75 years. The most common age group was less than 10 years , which constitutes about 30% of our patients .Varieties of foreign bodies were encountered ,their

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal
disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and alteration in bowel habits. It is more
common among adolescents and young age groups.
Objectives: to estimate the prevalence and identify potential determinants of IBS among high school
students in Baghdad, Iraq, 2017.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by using multi-staging cluster probability
sampling technique. All students in the sixth grade were considered eligible. Students with "red flag"
symptoms were excluded. Rome III criteria questionnaire of IBS was considered to define IBS. A
self-administered questionnaire used to compile socio-demograph

Background: Renal disease results in significant disorder of hemostasis (bleeding diathesis or
hypercoagulable state).
Objectives: This study is to determine the changes in some hemostasis parameters in patients with
chronic renal failure and identify the effect of dialysis on these changes.
Patients and Methods: seventy five patients with end stage chronic renal failure were collected from
Baghdad hospital, a full detailed history and clinical examination were performed, 50 patients were on
maintenance weekly hemodialysis, and 25 patients were without dialysis.
Result: Bleeding time was significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure who didn’t need
any type of dialysis, positive D-Dimer test. In so

خلفية البحث: التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA) هو مرض التهابي مزمن مناعي ذاتي يصيب الجسم كله ويتميز بمشاكل غير مفصلي وغير مفصلي. في كثير من الحالات، يحدث المرض من خلال التفاعل بين الجينات والعوامل البيئية.

الاهداف: تم تصميم هذا البحث للتحقيق في تأثير عدم التوازن بين السيتوكينات المؤيدة والمضادة للالتهابات في المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي ومقارنة نتائجهم مع الأشخاص ال

Background: Leptin and asprosin are adipokines secreted by white adipose tissue. The leptin and asprosin molecules have many functions in the central nervous system and other functions of the body: Appetite, glucose ‎metabolism, ‎insulin resistance, and cellular death.

Objectives: The study aims to determine the potential relationship between leptin and asprosin hormones in female patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The present study was conducted in Al-Mahmodia Hospital / Baghdad and the laboratories of the College of Science for Girls / University of Baghdad / Iraq, for the period from 1/11/2023 to 1/2/ 2024. This study is a comparative analysis of sever

Background: One of the top three causes of death and morbidity is cardiovascular disease Myocardial infarction is a clinical illness defined by quickly growing severe myocardial ischemia. It is the most frequent health problem in the world and the main cause of mortality.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the dietary pattern of food intake frequency for patients with post- myocardial infarction.

Patients & Methods: The quasi-experimental design has been carried out to determine the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension system on patients with post-myocardial infarction, in the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital's cardiac outpatient clinic

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an adult leukemia characterized by rapid proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, leading to bone marrow (BM) failure and impaired erythropoiesis. The p53 tumor suppressor protein regulates cell division and inhibits tumor development by preventing cell proliferation of altered or damaged DNA. It orchestrates various cellular reactions, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and antioxidant properties.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship of P53 serum level with hematological findings, remission, and survival status in de novo AML patients.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 63 newly diagn

خلفية البحث: يرتبط مرض السكري النوع الثاني بشكل كبير بأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، مثل تصلب الشرايين. تعتبر مضادات الأكسدة ضرورية في الوقاية من تصلب الشرايين من خلال مجموعة متنوعة من الآليات، والتي تشمل منع إنتاج الجذور الحرة، وتثبيط أكسدة LDL، ومنع تكوين الخثرة الدموية داخل الشرايين.

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستويات (TAC) و (MDA) كمؤشرات للإجهاد التأكسدي لدى مرضى السكري من النو

الخلاصة: الحكة اليوريمية لدى مرضى غسيل الكلى يؤثر على أكثر من 40٪ من المرضى. وربما ترتبط الحكة المستمرة بمستويات عالية من الإنترلوكين 31.

الاهداف: النظر إلى مستويات مصل إنترلوكين 31 لدى مرضى غسيل الكلى المصابين بمرض الكلى في المرحلة النهائية، سواء مع أو بدون حكة يوريمية.

النتائج: لم يكن مستوى المصل [الوسيط (] لـ IL-31 في المرضى الذين يعانون من الحكة اليوريميةأو ب

Background: The adhesion of bacteria to biotic and abiotic surfaces reflects their ability to cause infectious diseases. The distinction between the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria to adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces is not clear in the literature.

Objectives: The current study aims to shed light on the extent of similarities and differences between P. aeruginosa in terms of their ability to adhere to different biotic and abiotic surfaces.

Materials and Methods: ten isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from 100 wound and burn swabs. The isolates were identified using biochemical and phenotypic t

لخلفية:الجوافة، هو نبات استوائي غني بالعديد من المكونات الكيميائية النباتية وله العديد من الاستطبابات التقليدية التي حددتها الدراسات السابقة. ينتمي نبات الجوافة إلى الفصيلة الآسية، أفادت العديد من الدراسات السابقة عن نشاط دوائي خاص ضد العديد من خطوط الخلايا السرطانية. الأهداف : تركز هذه الدراسة على عزل المركبات الفينولية من أوراق الجوافة المزروعة حديثاً في العراق وتقييم النشاط السام للخلايا لمستخل

خلفية البحث: السكوبولامين هو دواء مضاد للكولين يعطل انتقال الكوليني في الجهاز العصبي المركزي كما أنه يسبب تشوهات إدراكية وعلامات مرضية مشابهة لتلك التي تظهر في مرض الزهايمر. ولذلك، يتم استخدامه لتحريض مرض الزهايمر في النماذج الحيوانية.

الأهداف: كان الهدف من الدراسة الحالية هو دراسة آثار التحريض طويل المدى مع السكوبولامين على أنسجة المخ لدى الفئران.

 طرق العمل: تم تقسيم سب

خلفية البحث:تتزايد حالات الاصابة بداء السكري من النوع الثاني على مستوى العالم، وقد اصبح عبئا صحيا خطيرا حيث يساهم في 90% من جميع حالات مرضى السكري . يرتبط مرض السكري بالتغيير في تواون الحديد في اابلازما لدى الاشخاص والذي لديه القدرة على توليد انواع الاوكسجين التفاعلية الناجمة عن المرض. الكاتلاز هو انزيم موجود في كل مكان تقريبا في جميع الكائنات الحية ويحفز تحلل بيروكسيد الهيدروجين الى الماء والاوكسج

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction, and physicians use different methods to investigate it to reach a definite diagnosis. 

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are clinical differences between grade II and IV adenoid hypertrophy and whether there is a positive correlation between adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and endoscopic examination findings.

Methods: This study was carried out on 120 patients; they were confirmed with five clinical tests (graded mirror, water-retention, lip-seal, deep-breath, and functional tests) and lateral cephalometric radiographs to measure the adenoid-na

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by damaging cellular organelles and enzymes in blood such as arginase1, insulin and glutathione s-transferase; increasing lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde and increasing insulin resistance which can lead to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy.

Objectives: To explore the relationship of oxidative stress to the development of diabetic retinopathy by measuring the levels of Arginase1, the activity of glutathione s-transferase enzyme, and the levels of malondialdehyde as a secondary product of lipid peroxidation (biomarker for oxidative stress).

Patients and Methods

Background: Childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common conditions pediatric nephrologists encounter globally. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and edema. The degree and duration of proteinuria have an impact on serum electrolyte levels. However, local data is limited.

Objectives: To assess and compare the degree of electrolyte imbalance and its relationship to kidney function indicators during relapse and remission in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 80 Iraqi children with an age range of (2-14) years. They were divided into three grou

Background: Oral anticoagulation medication, warfarin and non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants  (NOAC) may require long term use which may affect patients’ satisfaction with their treatment and their quality of life (QOL). 
Objective: To compare the quality of life and treatment satisfaction among groups of patients using different anticoagulant therapies (warfarin and NOAC). 
Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital for cardiac surgery in Baghdad in the period between December 2022 to May 2023. The study population included a convenient sample of patients receiving either warfarin or non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoa

Background: Oral anticoagulation medication, warfarin, and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) may require long-term use which may affect patients’ satisfaction with their treatment and their quality of life (QOL).

Objective: To compare the quality of life and treatment satisfaction among groups of patients using different anticoagulant therapies (warfarin and NOAC). 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital for cardiac surgery in Baghdad in the period from December 2022 to May 2023. The study population included a convenient sample of patients receiving either warfarin or non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants treatm

Background: Omentin-1 is mainly expressed in stromal vascular cells of adipose tissue and can also be expressed in airway goblet cells, mesothelial cells, and vascular cells. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), generated by bone cells, regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by regulating phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys and inhibiting vitamin D activation. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that regulates calcium absorption, bone health, and immunological function. Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for men worldwide. Several studies demonstrated a link between these variables and cancer as they exert important anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-cancer functions.  

Object

Background: Leukemias and lymphomas are malignant disorders that occur in the blood forming organs and lymphoid tissue respectively. They are classified to types and several subtypes such as acute or chronic, lymphocytic or myelocytic and T-cell or B-cell lymphocytic for leukemias and histologically into Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s for lymphomas. Literatures do not contain many research work on magnesium in patients with these disorders, although this mineral is essential for many metabolic, enzymic, regulatory and immune reactions in the human body. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the level of magnesium in the sera of patients with different types of leukemia and lymphoma.
Patients

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease that affects approximately 15% of women of childbearing age worldwide. It is one of the causes of infertility and is characterized by hirsutism, acne, persistent or interrupted anovulation, and hyperandrogenemia. Neuregulin-4 (NRG-4) is an adipokine hormone from the protein neuregulin family. Its level is greater in PCOS than in control women, and Neuregulin-4 is linked to body fat percentage and liver fat, as well as insulin resistance (IR).

Objectives: To estimate the serum NRG-4 levels in women diagnosed with (PCOS), to compare it with, non-PCOS healthy control and to explore the effect of hyperandrogenism on the obtained r