خلفية البحث : لالستيز,اللاكتوفريين,الكثبسين ج واللايزوزايم هي مستضادات (بروتينات) موجودة في افرازات مخاطية عديدة بالاضافة الى انها موجودة في حبيبات الخلايا البيضاء.مضاد الالستيز,مضاد اللاكتوفريين, مضاد الكثبسين ج ومضاد اللايزوزايم ضمن مضادات السايتوبلازم الخلايا البضاء نوع (pANCA) والتي تم توضيحها في امراض مناعية عديدة ومن ضمنها  التهاب المفاصل الرثوي .

الهدف من

الخلفية: رباعية فالوت هي من تشوهات القلب الخلقية الشائعة وقد تتزامن مع توسع جذر الشريان الابهري قبل اجراء العلاج الجراحي او حتى بعده بعدة سنوات. لاقصى حد من علمنا هذه الدراسة هي الاولى من نوعها في العراق  التي تتعامل مع هكذا مشكلة .

الهدف من من الدراسة : تحديد تكرار توسع جذر الشريان الابهري لدى عينة من  الاطفال المصابين برباعية فالوت من مدينة  ا

Background:

The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R)

Background: Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with high incidence.

Background:
Propolis (bee glue) is a resinous hive product. It consists of exudate from plants mixed with beeswax and used be bees as glue in general-purpose as sealer and
draught-exclude for beehives. Propolis, used in folk medicine, has attracted researchers attention to elucidate its therapeutic properties, as antioxidant and
anticancer. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the role of propolis in modulating effects of mitomycin C; MMC.
Methods:
Ethanolic solutions of propolis were prepared and administered to albino male mice (Mus musculus) through three types of experiments. In the first, the propolis was
tested alone, while in the second and third experiments, propolis was given orally&nbs

Background: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura , a disorder characterized by autoantibody mediated platelets destruction causing decreased number of circulating platelets manifest as bleeding tendency. Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) several studies have been published concerning a hypothetical role of this bacteria in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Aim of the study: Evaluate the pathogenic correlation between H.pylori infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Patients and Method: A cross sectional study was done on 30 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura admitted to the Pediatric Hemato-Oncology unit in ALKadhimiyia Teaching Hospital and 20 cases of

Back ground: Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disorder with no life long cure, many systemic and topical modalities are available, one of these topical modalities is the vitamin D analogue
(calcipotriene) which is widely used recently to treat psoriasis and many other skin problems.
Aim of the study: Is to compare the safety, the efficacy and the tolerability of tolerability of topical calcipotriene, topical clobetasol and both of them in combination in treating Iraqi patients with psoriasis vulgaris. (The first study in Iraq that uses calcipotriene ointment in treating psoriasis and comparing it with other known topical treatments that were commonly used to treat this problem).
Patients and methods A to

Background: Hydatid cyst disease is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by genus Echinococcus. This disease believed to has genetic background in it's aetiopathogenesis course .
The aim of this study is to shed light on the possible correlation between HLA-class I (A,B,C) & HLA-class II (DR & DQ) antigens and the susceptibility to this disease.
Patients & Methods: Fifty patient with hydatid cyst disease before undergoing surgical operation were investigated for HLA. Class I and class II by using microlymphocytotoxicity test. The results were compared with 115 healthy control.
Results: Significant increased trend of HLA-A28 and A-11, -B18 and B-35, -DR3 and DR-11 (P<0.001, P<0.01) in pat

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis has long been recognized as a cause of infectious vaginitis in women different studies have demonstrated a significant burden of the parasite to cause urethritis as well. It has been assumed that the localization of parasite in the urethra may be responsible for the recurrence of vaginal infection.
Aim: To evaluate the infection rate of urethral trichomoniasis and to evaluate two different laboratory’ methods used in the diagnosis.
Methods: The present study consisted of420female patients presented with vaginal discharge with or without itching or disorient, investigated for urethral trichomoniasis who were compared to 50 females represented the control group.
Each female M’as asked to colle

Background
Sildenafil has been used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However it has the disadvantage of many visual disturbances. The aim of this work is to study the effect
of sildenafil on diabetic patients which might have ocular problems due to diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 subjects were enrolled in the study, they were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 10 healthy subjects but complaining of ED only and the
other (20 patients) had diabetes mellitus and ED as well. All subjects had ocular tests done before and after sildenafil intake. It was obvious that sildenafil changed visual tests from totally normal for controls, before tre

Background:

generally genetic disorders are a leading cause of spontaneous abortion,

خلفية الدراسة: مرض فيروس كورونا -2019 (كوفيد -19) هو جائحة عالمية اجتاحت العالم في نهاية عام 2019 وكانت انطلاقته من مدينة اوهان الصينية. ذكرت العديد من الدراسات تغير مستوى الدهون في دم مرضى الكوفيد -19.

الهدف من الدراسة: دراسة التغيرات التي تطرأ في المصل الكوليسترول الدهني منخفض الكثافةLDL) ) والكوليسترول الدهني مرتفع الكثافة (HDL) والكوليسترول الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا (VLDL) والكوليسترول ا

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease restricted to the large intestine, characterized by superficial ulceration. It is a progressive and chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Although its etiology remains unknown, it is suggested that environmental factors influence genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the onset of the disease. (C-X-C) ligand 9 is a chemokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family, it plays a role in the differentiation of immune cells such as cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and macrophages. Its interaction with its corresponding receptor CXCR3 which is expressed by a variety of cells such as effector T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, an

Background: Bowel cancer is the most prevalent digestive system cancer and is the 4^th largest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iraq, colon and rectal cancer (CRC) is the 6^th most common malignancy in males and the 5^th in females. This cancer is sluggish in growth, which gives a window of opportunity to screen for both precursor lesions and early cancer. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein is a type of transmembrane glycoprotein found on nearly all human cells, including non-haematopoietic and haematopoietic cells. CD47 promotes CRC growth by triggering angiogenesis and apoptosis of tumour cells.
Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society.
Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GO

Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial.
Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterisation of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad.
Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed u

الخلفية: العنف ضد النساء مشكلة صحية عامة تصيب اكثر من ثلث النساء عالميا. ويتضمن اي ايذاء جسمي، جنسي او انفعالي فرض على النساء في العلاقات الاسرية. أثبتت دراسات متعددة في العراق ان العنف المنزلي في ازدياد خلال العقدين الاخيرين.

الهدف: لتحديد معدل انتشار العنف المنزلي ضد النساء الحوامل والعوامل المرتبطة به.

 الحالات والمنهجية: تضمنت دراسة مستعرضة اجمالي 345 امرأة حامل تم ت

Background: Impaired lipid metabolism are well recognized factors for Coronary artery disease (CAD) which is the major reason of mortality and morbidity all over world. The incident of CAD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing.

Aim: The current study aimed to study some biochemical variables (vitamin D3, lipid profile, Insulin, FBG and HbA1C) in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease and compare them with healthy people.

Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in human beings (apparently healthy and patients). It is statistically considered as [case- control study], the voluntaries were divided as following: 40 apparently healthy persons (40 mal

Background: The roll of IL-17 during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood. Elevated levels of IL-17 may increase the risk of liver fibrosis development in chronic HCV infection. However, the exact mechanism of how IL-17 contributes to the progression of HCV infection remains.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between HCV infection and IL-17. This was done by measuring the serum levels of interleukins and the viral load of HCV in patients with HCV infections.

Methodology: The study included fifty HCV patients who were receiving treatment at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / Medical City

تاثير جائحة كوفيد 19 على عينة من المرضى المصابين بالسرطان في العراق

الخلاصة:

خلفية الدراسة:

مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID-19) هو مرض فيروسي يسببه فيروس كورونا 2 (SARS-CoV-2) الجديد والمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة ويؤثر على الجهاز التنفسي للأفراد المصابين. ينتشر COVID-19 بين البشر من خلال الرذاذ التنفسي الذي ينتج عندما يسعل أو يعطس الشخص المصاب.

يتعرض الأفراد من

جراحه ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الارضيه:الحاله هي ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الهدف من الدراسه:هي عرض التجربه والخبرة العراقيه في علاج هذه الحالات 

المرضى والطرق: علاج 18 مريضا بهذه الحالة تم التخيص والعلاج الجراحي بفتح الصد

 النتائج: عمر المرضى تراوح بين 5 اشهر و70 سنه ونسبه الذكور اكثر من الاناث وكانت اشعه الصدر الاساس في التشخيص واجريت العمليات بنجاح وكانت المضاعفات قليله

الخاتم

الخلفيه : استنشاق الجسم الغريب حاله طارئه وخطره خاصه فى الاطفال وهي ظاهره شائعه في العراق ويواجهها يوميا اطباء جراحة الصدر 

الهدف : هو تسجيل حاله نادره لاستنشاق جسم غريب منسي قبل 15 سنه ومقارنة ذلك ببحوث اخرى 

الطرق :تفاصيل الحاله السريريه والشعاعيه وطريقة رفع الجسم الغريب  تحت التخدر العام

Background: Cell adhesion molecules are protein entities that are located on the cell surface. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with dyslipidemia.

Objectives: To determine the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and to explore the relationship between VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and the development of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.

Patients and methods: The study included 150 individuals with an age range of (35-55) years. Patients with diabetes for more than 5 years were excluded. Fifty healthy individuals constituted Grou

Background: In eukaryotic cells, the acidification of intracellular compartments is the responsibility of vacuolar H+ ATPase, a family of proton pumps, sometimes known as V-ATPases. Small GTPases are signaling molecules that regulate important cellular processes as well as subcellular activities making them essential players, particularly in a wide variety of coronavirus infection processes.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the levels of ATPase and GTPase in fibrotic lung disease patients who had received or had not received the COVID-19 vaccination, and then to compare these levels with those of the control group.

Methods: A total of 150 individuals p

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that results from an indefinite change in the structure and function of the kidneys. A slow, steady progression characterizes it and is irreversible.

 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the findings of certain biochemical and hematological tests in samples from Iraqi CKD patients.

 Methods: This study included 90 subjects, where 70 patients with chronic kidney disease and 20 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the patients during their visits to Ghazi Al-Hariri Surgical Specialties' Hospital- Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Age, sex and body mass index were assessed for each participant followed by ren

خلفية البحث: الضوء المرئي عالي الطاقة (HEV) يمتلك ترددًا عاليًا في النطاق البنفسجي والأزرق من طيف الضوء المرئي. للضوء الأزرق صلة بطب العيون عن طريق إصابة الشبكية بتأثير كيميائي-ضوئي.

الأهداف: إستكشاف الخارطة المكانية والزمانية لسلوك البحث عبر الإنترنت فيما يتعلق بضوء HEV.

طرائق البحث: إسترجعنا البيانات الأولية لحجم البحث على الشبكة العنكبوتية، عبر مؤشرات محرك جوجل، باستخدا

خلفية البحث: الإساءة الطبية للأطفال تصف الطفل الذي يتلقى رعاية طبية غير ضرورية أو ضارة أو قد تكون ضارة بتحريض من قبل ذوي الطفل أو القائم على رعايته.

الأهداف: للتركيز على إساءة معاملة الأطفال الطبية والتأكيد على مدى انتشار هذه الحالة وأعراضها السريرية وكيفية الوقاية منها ومعالجتها.

النتائج: في المملكة المتحدة، ارتفع معدل حدوث الإساءة الطبية للأطفال في الأطفال دون عام واحد

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of visualization, thickness, and anatomical features of the normal appendix at nonenhanced helical computed tomography (CT).
Materials and methods : Two radiologists prospectively iterpreted, in consensus, the abdominal CT scans of 140 patients who were examined for renal colic assessment. They
were blinded to patients' surgical history regarding a previous appendectomy. No contrast material was used. The frequency of visualization, and the two – wall thickness of normal
appendix were recorded, as well as the anatomical features of the appendix and the effect of adequasy of intraperitoneal fat on identification of the appendix.
Results : The prevalence of appendectomy w

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are said to be inherited in a multifactorial fashion, i.e. genetic-environmental interaction. Maternal nutritional deficiencies had long been reported to cause NTDs, especially folate deficiency during early pregnancy. More attention had been paid to the exact mechanism by which this deficiency state causes these defects in the developing embryo. The most significant of all researches was that connecting reduced folate and increased homocysteine level in maternal serum on one hand and the risk of developing a NTD baby on the other hand.
Objectives : to determine the significance of homocysteine level in Iraqi mothers who gave birth to babies with NTDs as compare

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease which represents about 8-10% of all congenital heart diseases. It is characterized by four morphological features, large malalignment ventricular septal defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding of aorta, and Right ventricular hypertrophy. The infant with TOF does well for the first few months of life with minimal or no cyanosis. The cyanosis begins to increase with secondary slow increase in polycythemia as well. Hypercyanotic spells are the most common complicating features of TOF 
Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of 200 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) referred to Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Car