الخلفية: سرطان الثدي هو اكثر الامراض السرطانية شيوعا في العالم والسبب الرئيسي للوفاة بسبب السرطانن بين النساء عبر العالم.

HER2المقدمة: الهدف من الدراسة لمعرفة امكانية السونار في تحديد نتائج الفحص النسيجي لسررطان الثدي وتكهن حالة ال

المرضى والطرق:أجريت هذه الدراسة عن طريق الاختيار الرجعي ل 102مريض شخصوا باصابتهم بمرض سرطان الثدي خضعوا

المقدمة: يعتبر  سرطان القولون واحدا من اكثر الاورام الخبيثة شيوعا و انتشارا, و السبب الثاني للوفاة بسبب السرطان في العالم الغربي.

 ينتمي مستقبل عامل النمو البشري الى عائلة ( Erb-B )   مستقبلات التايروسين و يلعب دورا مهما في تطور سرطان القولون و المستقيم.

هدف الدراسة:تحديد نسبة و شكل التعبير المناعي لمستقبلات عامل النمو البشري  في السر

خلفية البحث:-يعتبر الإستعمال العكسي لمادة الكارديوبليجيا واسع الإنتشار في حماية عضلة القلب لعمليات زرع الشرايين التاجية في القلب و مختلف عمليات القلب المفتوح بالإضافة إلى الطريقة التقدمية (الأمامية) لمادة الكارديوبليجيا.

الهدف من البحث:-لتقييم إستعمال الطريقة العكسية لإعطاء مادة الكارديوبليجيا و فوائده في عمليات زرع الشرايين التاجية للقلب في مستشفى إبن ال

مقدمة : لاورام السرطانية قليلة الحدوث في حالات تضخم الغدة الدرقية الغروي المتعدد مقارنة مع نسبة حدوثها في حالات التضخم الدرقي الناتج عن عقدة درقية احادية.

الخلاصة:  نسبة حدوث الاورام الخبيثة في التضخم الدرقي الغروي المتعدد تصل الى 8.7% . تعتبر عملية قص الغدة الدرقية قريب الكامل او الكامل الاختيار الافضل في علاج حالات التضخم الدرقي الغروي المتعدد لانه سيقلل من الحاجة لاعادة عمل

Background: HROM agar Orientation is a chromogenic medium used for the detection and differentiation of Gram’s negative and Gram’s positive pathogenic microorganisms in urine samples. Evaluation of CHROM agar Orientation for identification of urinary pathogens and susceptibility determinations in comparison to the ordinary media used.
Patients and Methods: A total of 375 midstream urine sample collected from patients with urinary tract infection (UTIs). CHROM agar Orientation, blood agar and macConkey agar media were used for direct inoculation.
Results: CHROM agar Orientation succeeded in detecting all the urine pathogens that were detected by the reference media, and antimicrobial Susceptibility

Background: Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis characterized by necrosis and inflammation of upper dermal blood vessels. It presents with ulcers and systemic manifestations after extensive acute onset. Many patients have a form of cutaneous vasculitis that presents with chronic painful ulcerations & purpuras involving the ankles without systemic manifestations, with some similarity in clinical presentation to livedoid vasculopathy.
Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients were seen in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, for a period extending from January 2004 to March 2005. They were evaluated clinically, histopathologically and other laboratory studies. In additio

Objectives: a study of surgical procedures used in the management of sciatic n injury & acomparism between them including comparism with other universal studies.
Patients and methods: 62 patients collected from the neuro-surgical unit in the specialized surgical hospital from Jan-2004 till October 2007, all patients studied thoroughly regarding age, Gender, type of injury, time of injury & outcome.
Results: 85% of our patients were ♂, 45% were in the age of 21-30 years, most injured by bullet or shells, the delay in surgery was mostly 1-3m, the repair is by direct suture 45%, 29% release of adhesions 16%, excision of neuroma & suturing, 9.6% by nerve graft, the direct suturing carried the&nbsp

 Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common valve disease in developing countries and there are many ways to deal with this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate results of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) in patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Patients and Methods: From May 2006 to August 2007, 58 patients (17 male, 41 female) with age range (16-57) years, underwent PTMC in Ibn AL- Bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery. All the patients were symptomatic, their MVA 1.5 cm2 with NYHA class II-IV. Clinical evaluation and echocardiographic examination were carried out before and after PTMC, mitral valve structures were assessed

Background: The acute phase response is a major pathophysiologic phenomena that accompanies inflammation whether acute or chronic. The complements 3 (C3), complement4
(C4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are positive acute phase proteins (+ve APPs) their production is increased by hepatocyte in osteoarthritis (OA). Chloroquine (CQ) which is a diprotic weak base traditionally used to treat malaria.Todate, the phosphate salt of CQ is used to decrease +ve APPs.
Objective: To evaluate the role of chloroquine phosphate on acute phase proteins C3, C4 and Creactive protein in patients with knee OA.
Subjects and methods :A total of seventy four patients (45 female and 29male) were selected randomly from the outpati

Free – living or limax amoebae are small free-living protozoans which exist in fresh water and soil environment. These amoebae were found infective to man causing a fatal disease affecting the central nervous system. Fowler and Carter were the first to report four fatal human cases of acute pyogenic meningitis caused by free-living amoebae1. The genera Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are incriminated in such infections2. Swimming in contaminated water has been frequently postulated as the way of infection through the intranasal mucosa. Since
that time more than one hundred cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis were reported from different parts of the world. On&

Background: Among different lifestyle factors, aging process can adversely affect male semen parameters and hence male fertility in this study, semen parameters and productive hormonal profiles of subfertile young men were compared with subfertile middle and old age men.

Background: The use of the chest x-ray measurements which includes the cardiothoracic ratio(C-T) and frontal area (FA) of the heart by the CXR are useful measures for primary assessment of the cardiac dysfunction.
Patients and Methods: A Prospective study was done from the 1st of January 2005 to the 1st of October in the same year on a 120 consecutive patients who have been admitted for coronary and L.V angiogram at IBN-AL-BITAR hospital. The C-T ratio and the frontal area were measured.
Results: The study comprised 120 subjects who were admitted for coronary and L.V angiogram for diagnostic reasons. 89subjects (74.2%) are male and 31subjects (25.8%) are female .17(14%) subjects have left ventricular d

Background: Bowel cancer is the most prevalent digestive system cancer and is the 4^th largest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iraq, colon and rectal cancer (CRC) is the 6^th most common malignancy in males and the 5^th in females. This cancer is sluggish in growth, which gives a window of opportunity to screen for both precursor lesions and early cancer. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein is a type of transmembrane glycoprotein found on nearly all human cells, including non-haematopoietic and haematopoietic cells. CD47 promotes CRC growth by triggering angiogenesis and apoptosis of tumour cells.
Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical

Background: The roll of IL-17 during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood. Elevated levels of IL-17 may increase the risk of liver fibrosis development in chronic HCV infection. However, the exact mechanism of how IL-17 contributes to the progression of HCV infection remains.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between HCV infection and IL-17. This was done by measuring the serum levels of interleukins and the viral load of HCV in patients with HCV infections.

Methodology: The study included fifty HCV patients who were receiving treatment at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / Medical City

تاثير جائحة كوفيد 19 على عينة من المرضى المصابين بالسرطان في العراق

الخلاصة:

خلفية الدراسة:

مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID-19) هو مرض فيروسي يسببه فيروس كورونا 2 (SARS-CoV-2) الجديد والمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة ويؤثر على الجهاز التنفسي للأفراد المصابين. ينتشر COVID-19 بين البشر من خلال الرذاذ التنفسي الذي ينتج عندما يسعل أو يعطس الشخص المصاب.

يتعرض الأفراد من

جراحه ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الارضيه:الحاله هي ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الهدف من الدراسه:هي عرض التجربه والخبرة العراقيه في علاج هذه الحالات 

المرضى والطرق: علاج 18 مريضا بهذه الحالة تم التخيص والعلاج الجراحي بفتح الصد

 النتائج: عمر المرضى تراوح بين 5 اشهر و70 سنه ونسبه الذكور اكثر من الاناث وكانت اشعه الصدر الاساس في التشخيص واجريت العمليات بنجاح وكانت المضاعفات قليله

الخاتم

Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial.
Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterisation of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad.
Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed u

الخلفية: العنف ضد النساء مشكلة صحية عامة تصيب اكثر من ثلث النساء عالميا. ويتضمن اي ايذاء جسمي، جنسي او انفعالي فرض على النساء في العلاقات الاسرية. أثبتت دراسات متعددة في العراق ان العنف المنزلي في ازدياد خلال العقدين الاخيرين.

الهدف: لتحديد معدل انتشار العنف المنزلي ضد النساء الحوامل والعوامل المرتبطة به.

 الحالات والمنهجية: تضمنت دراسة مستعرضة اجمالي 345 امرأة حامل تم ت

Background: Cell adhesion molecules are protein entities that are located on the cell surface. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with dyslipidemia.

Objectives: To determine the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and to explore the relationship between VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and the development of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.

Patients and methods: The study included 150 individuals with an age range of (35-55) years. Patients with diabetes for more than 5 years were excluded. Fifty healthy individuals constituted Grou

Background: In eukaryotic cells, the acidification of intracellular compartments is the responsibility of vacuolar H+ ATPase, a family of proton pumps, sometimes known as V-ATPases. Small GTPases are signaling molecules that regulate important cellular processes as well as subcellular activities making them essential players, particularly in a wide variety of coronavirus infection processes.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the levels of ATPase and GTPase in fibrotic lung disease patients who had received or had not received the COVID-19 vaccination, and then to compare these levels with those of the control group.

Methods: A total of 150 individuals p

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that results from an indefinite change in the structure and function of the kidneys. A slow, steady progression characterizes it and is irreversible.

 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the findings of certain biochemical and hematological tests in samples from Iraqi CKD patients.

 Methods: This study included 90 subjects, where 70 patients with chronic kidney disease and 20 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the patients during their visits to Ghazi Al-Hariri Surgical Specialties' Hospital- Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Age, sex and body mass index were assessed for each participant followed by ren

خلفية البحث: الضوء المرئي عالي الطاقة (HEV) يمتلك ترددًا عاليًا في النطاق البنفسجي والأزرق من طيف الضوء المرئي. للضوء الأزرق صلة بطب العيون عن طريق إصابة الشبكية بتأثير كيميائي-ضوئي.

الأهداف: إستكشاف الخارطة المكانية والزمانية لسلوك البحث عبر الإنترنت فيما يتعلق بضوء HEV.

طرائق البحث: إسترجعنا البيانات الأولية لحجم البحث على الشبكة العنكبوتية، عبر مؤشرات محرك جوجل، باستخدا

خلفية الدراسة: مرض فيروس كورونا -2019 (كوفيد -19) هو جائحة عالمية اجتاحت العالم في نهاية عام 2019 وكانت انطلاقته من مدينة اوهان الصينية. ذكرت العديد من الدراسات تغير مستوى الدهون في دم مرضى الكوفيد -19.

الهدف من الدراسة: دراسة التغيرات التي تطرأ في المصل الكوليسترول الدهني منخفض الكثافةLDL) ) والكوليسترول الدهني مرتفع الكثافة (HDL) والكوليسترول الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا (VLDL) والكوليسترول ا

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease restricted to the large intestine, characterized by superficial ulceration. It is a progressive and chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Although its etiology remains unknown, it is suggested that environmental factors influence genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the onset of the disease. (C-X-C) ligand 9 is a chemokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family, it plays a role in the differentiation of immune cells such as cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and macrophages. Its interaction with its corresponding receptor CXCR3 which is expressed by a variety of cells such as effector T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, an

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society.
Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GO

الخلفيه : استنشاق الجسم الغريب حاله طارئه وخطره خاصه فى الاطفال وهي ظاهره شائعه في العراق ويواجهها يوميا اطباء جراحة الصدر 

الهدف : هو تسجيل حاله نادره لاستنشاق جسم غريب منسي قبل 15 سنه ومقارنة ذلك ببحوث اخرى 

الطرق :تفاصيل الحاله السريريه والشعاعيه وطريقة رفع الجسم الغريب  تحت التخدر العام

Background: Impaired lipid metabolism are well recognized factors for Coronary artery disease (CAD) which is the major reason of mortality and morbidity all over world. The incident of CAD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing.

Aim: The current study aimed to study some biochemical variables (vitamin D3, lipid profile, Insulin, FBG and HbA1C) in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease and compare them with healthy people.

Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in human beings (apparently healthy and patients). It is statistically considered as [case- control study], the voluntaries were divided as following: 40 apparently healthy persons (40 mal

الخلفيه العلميه: الليبتين، عبارة عن بروتين يفرز من مصادر متعددة، وتقوم بدورها من خلال ارتباطها بمستقبلات خاصة لها تسمى بمستقبلات الليبتين، وتلعب دوراً مهم في العقم لدى الذكور .

الهدف من الدراسه: تقييم مستوى الليبتين ومستقبلات اللبتين في السائل المنوي للذكور ذو العقم الاولي وتاثيرها على نوعيه السائل المنوي.

طرق العمل :  تضمنت الدر

Background: Unilateral sinonasal disease is commonly encountered during the practice of the otolaryngologists, the etiology include a wide variety of diseases ranging from simple
acute inflammation to highly malignant diseases. The clinical, computed tomography and histopathology differs between inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
Patients and Methods: A prospective study carried out at the Otolaryngology department, Baghdad Medical City, Hospital of specialized surgeries between Jan.2007 to Nov.2008.The study involved 114 patients with symptoms and signs of unilateral sinonasal disease, a careful history, complete clinical examination and radiological investigations were done to all patients as well

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective method for long-term weight loss. Rapid weight reduction after BS may contribute to the formation of gallstones.

Objectives: To assess the rate, and to identify the associated factors, of gallstone formation after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 128 patients with morbid obesity, who were treated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and followed up at two weeks, one month, six months, and one year after surgery between October 2018 and July 2020, at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad and the Dowaly Private Hospital. Data was collected using