خلفية البحث: ق واحد من نوع من عائلة السلاسية المستخدمة كنبات الزخرفية والطب الصيني التقليدي. يعتبر نقص المعلومات حول المكونات النشطة الرئيسية والأنشطة البيولوجية المحتملة للشمشار العراقي دافعا لبدء هذه الدراسة في المختبر

الأهداف: تحديد المكون الكيميائي النباتي وتقييم النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا المضاد للأكسدة

طرق العمل: تم تحديد التركيب الكيميائي وتحليله باستخدام نهج الك

خلفية البحث: عدوى فيروس التهاب الكبد الوبائي (ج) هي واحدة من أكثر أنواع العدوى شيوعًا المرتبطة بأمراض الكلى المزمنة (CKD) الذين يخضعون لغسيل الكلى (HD) في العراق.

الأهداف: لتحديد قيمة عامل التكهن للمؤشرات الحيوية لنقاط التفتيش المناعية بروتين موت الخلية المبرمج وبروتين موت الخلية المبرمج المرتبط بين المرضى المصابين بعدوى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي تحت الغسيل الدموي.

المنهجية: تم ا

خلفية البحث: أظهرت الدراسات المبكرة أن التربة الزراعية تحتوي على أنواع مختلفة من الكائنات الحية الدقيقة ، وخاصة البكتيريا بما في ذلك البكتيريا القولونية (السالمونيلا ، والشيغيلا ، والكليبسيلا ، والإشريكية القولونية ، والبكتيريا المعوية) مع البكتيريا البرازية الموجبة لصبغة غرام  مثل Enterococcus faecalis  هذه البكتيريا تعتبر مؤشر خطير عند انتقالها إلى الإنسان. لذلك هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التحر

Background: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is commonly associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and early correction of coagulopathy is of vital importance. All Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA) is considered to be the drug of choice in the treatment of APL. 
Objective: The work was conducted to 1- Identify patients with APL who show laboratory evidence of DIC.
2- Study the serial changes in haemostatic parameters in APL patients treated with ATRA and to compare their results with those treated with conventional chemotherapy without ATRA.
Subjective and methods: In this prospective study (from October 2003 to October 2005), 44 newly diagnosed, untreated APL patients were included. A

Background: Diabetic maculopathy means involvement of the macula by edema and exudates or ischemia which is the most common cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients,
particularly those with type 2diabetes.
Objective: The literatures are rich in publications of these regards, nevertheless the works in general were not systematic, not enough details regarding procedures and dose
parameters in using laser for treatment are mentioned. "In the present work, an attempt to build a systematic procedure regarding dose parameters, application parameters and laser
safety."
Methods: A frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser was used to treat all eyes included in this study with diabetic maculopathy. Forty eyes of tw

Background A high prevalence of Behaviors which is related to persistent diarrhea and the prevalence of moderate to sever malnutrition in patients with persistent diarrhea in children.
Objectives To asses the prevalence of negative behaviors that causes the persistent diarrhea and to asses the prevalence of malnutrition among children with persistent diarrhea and to
compare prevalence of malnutrition due to persistent diarrhea to that of national figures.
Patients and Methods This study was carried out at the Central Teaching Hospital for Children in Baghdad, a total number of 200 cases of persistent diarrhea (lasting more than 14
days)"with no more than 48 hour normal bowel motions in this period" in children

Bakground: A prospective study was designed to find out the prevalence of different types of T.B. among women and children.
Methods: A total of 390 patients aged from less than one year up to more than 65 years who attended T.B. center in Kirkuk city from beginning to end of 2005, were included in the study. A detail clinical and laboratory examination were carried out to confirm the diagnosis.
Results: The rate of infection in females (46.15%) was lower than males (53.84%). In pediatric age groups, the highest rate was among the age 12-14 (2.05%) and the lowest was among
>1-2 years and 9-11 years (0.76%). Inactive pulmonary T.B. was highest among the pediatric age group.
Conclusion: It is conclude

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of CMV infection among HIV / AIDS patients in relation to disease progression, and to study the mortality during the period of the study.
Patients and Methods: The study included 155 HIV/AIDS patients (148 HIV- infected and seven AIDS patients) and 122 apparently "healthy" controls. CMV (IgG and 1gM) antibodies were determined by ELISA. The patients were followed up for a period of nine months, and retested frequently for development of active CMV infection.
Results: The prevalence of CMV (IgG) antibodies in the HIV/AIDS patients was 100%. A significant higher prevalence of CMV (IgM) among AIDS patients (42.9°/6) than among HIV infected

المقدمة : خمسة مراحل  سريرية تم تصنيفها  لمرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي المزمن مرحله الاولى  يكون فيها  المستضد  HBe موجب ,المرحله الثانية يكزن فيه المستضد    HBe موجب مع وجود التهاب في الكبد ,مرحله الثاثة يكون المستضدHBe   سالب ,المرحلة الرابعة يكون فيها المستضد  HBe  سالب مع وجود التهاب في الكبد والمرحلة المخفية للفيروس

هدف الدراسة : هذه الدراسة كانت تهدف لغرض تعيين نسبة حدوث م

الخلفية:تخطيط صدى القلب له دور مهم في متابعة مرضى عيب الحاجز الولادي علاجي المنشأ,وبعد الاستئصال بالقسطرة أثناء دراسة الفيزيولوجيا الكهربائية, والتي تعتبر في الوقت الحاضر الخط الرئيسي في إدارة المرضى الذين يعانون من أنواع مختلفة من عدم إنتظام ضربات القلب. من خلال البزل عبر البزل ثقب واحد أو ثقب مزدوج يسهل طريقة مرور القسطرة بسهولة الى الأذين الأيسر لإستئصال دقات القلب الفوق البطينية .

الأه

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a stressful condition in which the increased production of free radicals impairs the generation of naturally occurring antioxidants like vitamins and
carotenoids . 
Aim :The present study deals with the changes in serum ß-carotene in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as modulated by glycemic control and oxidative stress .
Subjects & methods : Multiple biochemical parameters were obtained from plasma of 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 25 males and 32 females ) , on oral hypoglycemic with
a disease duration of 1- 15 years and 37 healthy normal subject s of matching age and sex to serve as controls. The biochemical parameters measured in the present study i

Background- Every war in the world has its characteristics and the Iraqi Iranian war 1980-1988 has been neglected for along time due to political factors . this study tried to
illustrate some of the features of casualties during this war .
Methods – review of records of all veterans evacuated to an advanced dressing station (ADS) serving a corps sector over one year starting from the 1st of Jan. 1982 to the 31st of
Dec. 1982.
Results – the total number of casualties reached this station was 3020 veterans . Mortality rate before reaching to the station was about 20%. The majority of veterans (70%) were
evacuated to the next station and most of them (90%) were injured during combat. Severe injuries co

a prospective study conducted at baghdad teaching hospital

الخلفية:  متلازمة تكيس المبايض (Polycystic ovary syndrome ) عبارة عن اضطراب هرموني شائع في النساء في سن الإنجاب مع مظاهر أولية للعقم ،وخلل في الحيض ,و ارتفاع مفرط في هرمون الاندروجين ( زيادة نمو الشعر ،وظهور حب الشباب, وزيادة الهرمون الذكري الاندروجين ). اديبونكتين (Adiponectin) هو اديبوكين الأكثر وفرة وله دور مهم حيث يؤثر على حساسية الانسولين، ومضاد لتصلب الشرايين، ومضاد للالتهابات .

الخلفية :- تعتبر الكلى ذات الاداء الكبيبي ,الاستعادة والافراز الانبوبي ودراسة افراز البول من بعض الانزيمات بمثابة اختبار الحساس للكشف عن المراحل الاولية من امراض الكلى وخصوصا ان استيل  كلوكوزامنيديز وهذا الانزيم اللايزوسومي موجود في الخلاايا الظهارية للانابيب الملتوية القريبة زيادة الأنزيم بالبول نتيجة الضرر الانبوبي يمكن استخدامه كعلامة تنبؤلاختبار مشاكل المسالك البولية مثل ا

الخلفيه النظريه: الكروموجرانين أ هو احد دلائل الاورام المفيده جدا لتشخيص اورام الصم الغدية العصبية ومتابعتها وان عقار الاوكتيريوتايد اثبت فعاليته في علاج هذه الاورام وان الدراسات المتعلقه بالعلاقه بين الاستجابه  لعقار الاوكتيريوتايد و مستوى الكروموجرانين في الدم لا تزال غير كافيه

الغرض من الدراسه: دراسه التغير لمستوى الكروموجرانين  في الدم وعلاقته ب

المقدمة: تعتبردراسة كهروفسلجة القلب من الفحوصات القسطارية الضرورية لدى المرضى المصابيين  بالتسارع الأذيني الأنتيابي والذي يحدث بسسب ظاهرة عودة الدخول الكهربائي حول العقده الاذينية البطينية.

الاهداف :  تهدف هذه الدراسة الى معرفة الاهمية السريرية  لكهروفسلجة القلب  في تقييم مرضى التسارع الاذيني الانتيابي حول العقده الاذينيه . لقد خضع  المرضى الى

الخلاصة: يعد سرطان الثدي من اكثر الاورام الخبيثة التي تصيب النساء في العالم والعراق. ان معدلات التكاثر السرطانية تستطيع ان توفر معلومات مفيدة عن عدائية المرض و ما يؤل اليه في المستقبل كما و يمكن استخدامها في الممارسة الاكلينيكية لتحديد برتكول العلاج. 

اهداف البحث: تقييم دور Ki67  كمعلم تكاثري من خلال تحليل العلاقات بين  Ki67 مع العوامل السريرية والباثولوج

خلفية عن الدراسة: المعلم المناعيWT1  هوعامل نسخ  ويقع في الكروموسوم   11p13, اكتشف لأول مرة في الورم الكلوي ((Wilms حيث انه يعمل كمثبط للجينات السرطانية , كما يوجد في عدة أورام من ضمنها أورام المبيض وأورام الدم الخبيثة, وفي  الآونة الأخيرة وجد بان  WT1 له أيضا  دور في تكوين الأوعية الدموية.

هدف الدراسة: صممت هذه الدراسة للبحث عن العلاقة بين المعلمات المن

Background: Interleukin-31 has been linked with developing and maintaining pruritus in various dermatological and non-dermatological diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate interleukin-31 serum levels in hemodialysis patients with and without uremic pruritus as a potential contributor.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved ninety adult chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. All of the enrolled patients were on a three-times/week hemodialysis regimen. Patients were divided into two groups of 45 patients each. Group 1 involved those with pruritus and Group 2 involved those free of pruritus; based on the itching severity scale (ISS). Serum levels of interleukin-31,

Background: Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme found in all living organisms that is responsible for the degradation of hydrogen peroxide, a type of harmful compound known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), into harmless oxygen and water. It is necessary for cell protection from ROS-induced oxidative damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. T2DM is rapidly rising in prevalence worldwide, emerging as a significant public health challenge. It can disrupt iron regulation in the bloodstream, leading to the production of ROS, which can damage the cells.

Objective: To explore the correlation between iron status and catalase activity in T2DM patients, and the possibility of using it as a pred

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by damaging cellular organelles and enzymes in blood such as arginase1, insulin and glutathione s-transferase; increasing lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde and increasing insulin resistance which can lead to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy.

Objectives: To explore the relationship of oxidative stress to the development of diabetic retinopathy by measuring the levels of Arginase1, the activity of glutathione s-transferase enzyme, and the levels of malondialdehyde as a secondary product of lipid peroxidation (biomarker for oxidative stress).

Patients and Methods

Abstract

Back ground: Renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon condition that develops during pregnancy. Due to a lack of conventional norms and a dearth of literature, its management is a serious issue.

Case presentation: We will discuss a case study of a twenty-year-old female girl who is pregnant G1 P1 A0, has had five missing periods (20 weeks gestation), and has frank hematuria due to a massive, incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma. We also go through the current guidelines for treating kidney malignancies during pregnancy, as well as the imaging studies that are now available.

Conclusion: Although the best time for surgery is debatable, a mult

لخلفية:الجوافة، هو نبات استوائي غني بالعديد من المكونات الكيميائية النباتية وله العديد من الاستطبابات التقليدية التي حددتها الدراسات السابقة. ينتمي نبات الجوافة إلى الفصيلة الآسية، أفادت العديد من الدراسات السابقة عن نشاط دوائي خاص ضد العديد من خطوط الخلايا السرطانية. الأهداف : تركز هذه الدراسة على عزل المركبات الفينولية من أوراق الجوافة المزروعة حديثاً في العراق وتقييم النشاط السام للخلايا لمستخل

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction, and physicians use different methods to investigate it to reach a definite diagnosis. 

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are clinical differences between grade II and IV adenoid hypertrophy and whether there is a positive correlation between adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and endoscopic examination findings.

Methods: This study was carried out on 120 patients; they were confirmed with five clinical tests (graded mirror, water-retention, lip-seal, deep-breath, and functional tests) and lateral cephalometric radiographs to measure the adenoid-na

Background: Birth trauma is defined as injury to neonates resulting from mechanical forces (such as compression or traction) during the process of birth. Birth injury is used to denote avoidable and unavoidable mechanical and hypoxic- ischemic injury incurred by neonates during labor and delivery. Maternal, labor and infant factors can predispose to birth traumas. Many types of birth traumas can be found including intra and extra cranial, spinal, peripheral nerves, fractures and visceral.
Patients and methods: A cross sectional study was done on 200 babies (100 babies for the study group and 100 babies for the control group), admitted to special care baby unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, during the peri

Background: Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder are a major health problem. Recently, some studies link high risk Human papilloma viruses' type 16 and type 18 with bladder carcinoma.
Materials and methods: Fifty formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues with TCC of the bladder from Specialized Surgical Hospital in Baghdad were included in this study. In addition, ten
apparently normal bladder autopsies were collected from the Forensic Medicine Institute Archives and used as control group. Tissue blocks were sectioned and sticked on charged slides and used for the detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Results: The expression of HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA signals in TCC of the bladder tissues in the&nbs

Background: In breast carcinoma, amplification &/or over-expression of HER-2/neu has been associated with a group of unfavorable prognostic factors. The Food & Drug Administration Agency approved Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for the therapy of metastatic breast cancer but only in patients with amplification &/or over-expression of this gene. Because of these advances, evaluation of HER-2/neu status in breast cancer specimens is of vital importance.
Patients and methods: thirty eight females with breast carcinoma were included in this study. All histologic sections were stained routinely with the hematoxylin and eosin stains and
immunohistochemically for HER2/neu. All cancers were graded and subcatego

Background: Many etiological factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Asthma like; viruses, bacteria and Chlamydia pneumoniae. This study focuses on the role of Chlamydia
pneumoniae in asthma pathogenesis.
Patients and Methods: The detection of Anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies IgA, IgM and IgG in patients by ELISA, for 35 patients, 18 asthmatic patients, 12 patients with chest infection with no history of asthma, and 5 apparently healthy as control subjects.
Results: The results showed that 80% and 70% of the patients were negative for anti- Chlamydia pneumonia antibodies IgA and IgM respectively, while significantly (p<0.05) high number (73%) of patients were positive for IgG, of which

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a well known risk factor for acute coronary syndrome but the hypothesis that patients with acute phase hyperglycemia, regardless the previous diagnosis of diabetes, have worse prognosis than those with normal glucose values is controversial. This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of admission hyperglycemia, its effect on in-hospital prognosis of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome, and to compare it with 2nd day fasting plasma glucose as a prognostic marker.
Methods: One hundred patients, (59) diabetic and (41) non-diabetic, with documented acute coronary syndrome enrolled in this study over the period of June/ 2009-Jan./2010 from coronary c