Background:
Inflammation has been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. An elevated total WBC count has been associated with increased cardiovascular
risk, but which leukocyte subtypes carry this risk. is uncertain. This study was designed to determine the effect of WBC count and other inflammatory markers on severity and
outcome of patients with UA/NSTEMI.
Patients and Methods:
Seventy (70) patients with UA / NSTEMI admitted to CCU at the Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases were subjected to thorough history and physical examination and WBC indices to
find their relation to clinical severity and outcome for both in-hospital and/month after discharge. The results were comp

Background:
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumorigensis; several reports have described a significant increase in microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal carcinogenesis There are
several methods to measure the angiogenesis in neoplasms, but immunohitochemistry seems to be the mainstay of all. This method enable us to measure the tumor microvessel densities highlighted by using antibodies directed against endothelial cell markers like CD31,CD34 or others; then assessment of MVD by manual count of the number of microvessels in what appears to be the most vascular area of the tumor(called the hot spot) using a protocol described by Weidner et al.Automated cellular imaging system is used to analyze

Background: TIDM is known to be polygenic disease that appears from the interaction of mutation in multiple genes including HLA. The autoimmune mediated destruction of
pancreatic β-cells is reflected by the presence of autoantibodies against prominent antigens in the pancreatic β-cells.
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the role of HLA-class I and class II antigens in the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and also assessment of
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies in the patients at the onset of the disease.
Patients & Methods: Sixty T1DM patients who were newly onset of the disease (diagnosed less than five months) were selected. Eighty apparently healthy

Objective:
To assess the subjective rating of quality of life of college students in University Of Science And Technology in Jordan as a sample of healthy educated
young population through applying the WHOQOL-BREF instrument as a field trial in Jordan and to compare the finding with similar previous study.
Methods
Three hundreds forms of Arabic version of the self-reporting questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF were distributed to students of third class attending the lecture
halls in three colleges (college of Engineering, college of science, college of  medicine) in the university campus in AL Ramtha–Jordan from the first of March
to first of may 2007., with respect to university regulations,interested parti

Introduction:
Neonatal Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains one of the major cause's neonatal morbidity and mortality despite advances in perinatal care especially in developed
countries.
Objectives:
The aims of this study were to find out me risk factors of mothers and newborns (NB) which increase the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of RDS.
Patients & Methods:
A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 live NR infants born at neonatal care units in Baghdad hospital & private nursing home (medical city
complex) / Baghdad in the period from the first of March to the end of June 2006. They were presented with RDS, which was diagnosed clinically and radio-

Background: streptococcal pneumonia is one of the most common pathogens that cause otolaryngological disease.

Background : From the standpoint of mortality &morbidity, cancer is by far the most important clinical problem that concerns the breast today .The age adjusted incidence of new cases has been increasing steadily with increase in the incidence among the Iraqi women during the last few years .
Materials &method : A prospective study was arranged to assess the occurrence of postsurgical loco-regional recurrence of breast carcinoma in the Iraqi female patients , a total
number of 91 female patients were assessed during period from Dec.2000 to Dec.2002, the 
median period of follow up was two years.
Result : Loco-regional recurrence developed in 20 patients (22%). Chest wall and axilla were th

Background:To evaluate the accuracy of serum uric acid to predict maternal and fetal complications in women with pre- eclampsia.
Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tikrit Teaching Hospital.
Subject and Methods: Fifty normotensive and forty-three pre-eclamptic pregnant women at (20-24) weeks of gestation were the study subject, serum concentrations of uric acid
were measured and examine the correlations between serum uric acid level with fetal and maternal complications.
Result: Serum concentration of uric acid in pre-eclamptic women were significantly higher than in gestational age match normotensive pregnant women, and women with pre-eclampsia
and elevated uric acid concentration at increased risk of

Background: Acute inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barr'e syndrome) is the commonest cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis in most countries. The onset of symptoms in patients with GBS can either be acute or sub acute .Ventilatory failure is primarily caused by inspiratory muscles weakness although weakness of abdominal and accessory muscles of respiration, retained airway secretion leading to aspiration and atelectasis are all contributing factors. Nutritional support of critically sick children is important for metabolic maintenance and
tissue repair.
Methods: To identify clinical and respiratory features associated with progression to respiratory failure in children with GBS. Twen

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. The genes of this region influence susceptibility to certain disease.
Objectives: This study was established to shed light on the possible association of HLA class I and II antigens with RV patients.
Patients and Methods: Lymphocytotoxicity assay for HLA for class I and II typing had been done for (100) Iraqi patients suffering from rheumatic valvulitis (RV), the control groups consisting of (75 healthy individuals and 35 non rheumatic heart disease (NRHD) patients ).
Results: The results showed a significant association of A33-Ags with these patients as compared with healthy and cardiac controls (P=0.005), (P=0.033)

Background: Reports denote that changes in day length enhance or suppress components of immune function in several mammalian species. The aim of present experimental study is
directed to test the hypothesis deals with the effect of photoperiods on some immune limbs responsiveness.
Materials and Methods: Twenty six male and female BALB/C mice, 5-7 weeks old, 14- 18gm weight divided into two groups, test groups (n.=8 mice for each sex) and control
groups (n.=5 for each sex). Test groups were kept in a dark room for a month, while control groups were kept in a room where the photoperiod was day light: darkness 12:12hr. All
studied groups immunized with o.2ml (10% sheep red blood cells) on day 4 and 8 of the l

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease and it accounts for over 10% of all hospital medical admission. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT) is a common complication of COPD and the increase in pulmonary artery pressure is often mild to moderate. The presence of pulmonary arterial pressure and its severity is readily and reliably determined by transthoracic echocardiography in majority of COPD patients.
Patients and Methods: This study included 55 patients with mean age 65.6 ±8.2 years .The mean duration of symptoms was 18 ±10 months. 32 patients (58%) were current smoker, 18 patients (33%) were exsmoker and 5 pat

Background: There were definite changes in pathologies involving thyroid gland allover the world with increasing incidence of thyrotoxicosis and differentiated malignancies.
Patients and methods: 224 patients were operated upon by the same surgeon during 15 years period. Those patients were divided into two groups (GI from June 1990 up to June 2000) and (GII from June 2000-June 2005).
Results: female to male ratio was 3.3:1. The most common presentation among both groups was Multinodular goiter (MNG) 76.8%. toxic goiter was recorded in 24% of patient with increase among GII patients. A significant effect of stress on the increasing incidence of thyrotoxicosis was elicited in more than 50% of patients w

Propolis is a complex resinous bee product that has a wide range of biological activities. In the present investigation, two oral doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) of propolis (ethanol extract) were evaluated immunologically in albino male mice (80 animals) through three types of experiments. In the first, the propolis was tested alone, while in the second and third experiments, propolis was given before and after the immune suppressive drug MMC (pre- and post treatments, respectively). The three experiments were paralleled with three negative controls, in which the propolis was replaced with distilled water. In the first experiment, the dose 10 mg/kg of propolis enhanced the parameters investigated, and a si

Bagkground:Chlorpromazine is widely used in human medicine in the therapy of schizophrenia, organic psychosis and the manic phase of manic depressive illness. It expressed a selective cytotoxicity and the results of genotoxicity were positive.
Objectives: This study is designed to explore the effect of chlorpromazine on irradiated and non irradiated calf thymus double strands DNA (ctdsDNA) molecule.
Methods: Aliquots of irradiated (subjected to UVB light) and non-radiated ctdsDNA samples were incubatyed with different concentrations of chlorpromazine. Further series of experiments studied the simultaneous effects of chlorpromazine and UVB light on aliquots of ctdsDNA, The changes in optic densities of

Background : It had been indentified by histological, histochemical and morphometrical studies that peganum harmala is a mammogenic herb and borage officinalis is a lactogenic one . To complete our investigation about these two herbs , we performed electron microscopical study.
Materials and methods : Rats were grouped according to their physiological status into three groups . Each group was subdivided in to three subgroups : one control and two experimental . The two experimental group were treated daily; the 1st one with an aqueous extract of peganum harmala seeds and the 2nd with an aqueous extract of borage officinalis flowers . After two weeks of treatment , mammary glands were employed for electron

نبذة مختصرة
خلفية: يؤدي التعرض المتزايد لعوامل الخطر لفقدان السمع إلى زيادة التعرض للصمم بين الولدان المولودين في البلدان النامية.

اهداف الداسة: تهدف هذه المقالة إلى دراسة مدى انتشار عوامل الخطر لعيب السمع عند الأطفال حديثي الولادة وتحديد تأثيرها على نتيجة اختبار السمع الصوتي الناتج عن الانبعاثات.
الطريقة: أجريت هذه الدراسة المقطعية لمدة سنة واحدة. تم

Background:

الخلفية: قصور الغدة الدرقية تحت الإكلينيكي وقصور الغدة الدرقية والذي يتميز بزيادة مستويات الهرمون المنبه للغدة الدرقية وهرمونات الغدة الدرقية الطبيعية أو غير الطبيعية. قد يكون لقصور الغدة الدرقية دور في خلل شحميات الدم وارتفاع ضغط الدم وتصلب الشرايين والضعف الإدراكي والخلل العصبي العضلي والعقم. ترتبط العوامل المتعددة التي تزيد من خطر الإصابة بأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية بالسمنة، بما في ذلك متل

الخلفية العلمية: ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد (AML) هو أحد أكثر الأورام الدموية الخبيثة فتكًا و تتميز بوظائف خلوية غير طبيعية وتغيرات جينية. و تبين ان الطفرات في جينات نازعة هيدروجين إيزوسيترات (IDH) وخاصة IDH1 و IDH2 ، على أنها تشوهات وراثية متكررة في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد .و تؤدي هذه الطفرات إلى نشاط إنزيمي غير طبيعي، مما يؤدي إلى تراكم 2-هيدروكسي جلوتارات  (2-HG)،,والذي بدوره يعطل ا

Background: The immune system and thyroid hormones have an inverse relationship, but both thyroid hormones and selenium play a crucial role in the immune system. However, when the levels of thyroid hormones decrease (known as hypothyroidism), their effect on immune system cells and their relationship with selenium supplements in the body are not well understood.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Se-nanoparticles on thyroid hormones and the blastogenic response of lymphocytes in various lymphoid tissues in rats with hypothyroidism.

Methods: A group of female Wister rats aged three to four months were randomly placed into five groups (each gro

الخلاصة

المقدمة:- الاشعاع الايوني يشمل العلاج الإشعاعي والتصوير الطبي ،يستخدم على نطاق واسع في الطب المعاصر. يقلل العلاج بمضادات الأكسدة من الآثار السلبية للإشعاع (اختلال التوازن التأكسدي). يمكن أن تؤدي الزيادات في أنواع الأوكسجين التفاعلية بين المصورين الشعاعيين إلى ز

الخلاصة:

خلفية البحث: اعتلال الأعصاب المحيطية السكري (DPN) هو أكثر المضاعفات انتشارًا لـ T2DM. الاعتلال العصبي هو واصف لمجموعة من الأعراض السريرية ودون السريرية مع توزيعات تشريحية مختلفة ، وتاريخ سريري ، وربما آليات مسببة للأمراض الكامنة. اعتلال الأعصاب الحسي المتماثل البعيدة هو حسي مزمن متماثل يعتمد على الطول. أثبتت دراسات انعكاس الطرفة أنها مفيدة لتقييم وظيفة جذع الدماغ.الاهداف :

الخلفية العلمية: تمثل المضاعفات القلبية الوعائية إحدى نتائج أمراض المناعة الذاتية المزمنة مثل الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية  (الذئبة الحمراء)، والتي لها معدلات كبيرة من الوفيات والمراضة. يمكن حدوث عسر شحميات الدم عن طريق الأدوية الستيرويدية، والتي تُعطى بشكل متكرر لمرضى الذئبة الحمراء وتعتبر أحد عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية.

الأهداف: حاولت هذه الدراسة التحقق من وجو

الملخص

معلومات أساسية:

داء السكري من النوع 2 هو نوع من مرض السكري حيث يكون الجسم غير قادر على استخدام الأنسولين بشكل صحيح. كان يشار إليه سابقا باسم السكري غير المعتمد على الأنسولين أو السكري الذي يصيب البالغين. يشكل هذا النوع الخاص من مرض السكري غالبية حالات مرض السكري ، وهو ما يمثل 90-95 ٪ من جميع التشخيصات. عادة ما يكون وراثيا وغالبا ما يرتبط بزيادة الوزن ونمط الحياة المستقرة.
أوستوبونتين (opn) هو بروتي

Background: It is possible that treatment may not be successful, and the expenses of therapy may increase due to patients’ lack of knowledge and inappropriate conduct. Insufficient knowledge regarding the use of insulin can hinder its effectiveness and adherence. Therefore, it is crucial for diabetic patients to follow guidance on insulin management to ensure better outcomes.

Objectives: to investigate the correlation between parents' knowledge of children with type I diabetes and their ability to properly administer insulin to their children in the outpatient diabetes clinic in Nasiriya City.

Methodology: Aross-sectional study was conducted at the of Endocrinology and Di

Background: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH), a rare benign tumor, poses significant risks to 
vision due to its proximity to the macula, with epidemiology varying from one population to another.
Objectives: The present article emphasizes the need for prevalence studies on CCH in Iraq.
Methods: In June 2023, a literature review was conducted on PubMed, followed by a secondary analysis of 
patients' demographic data from diverse populations and ethnic groups worldwide.
Results: The secondary literature analysis revealed demographic variations in CCH, including age and 
gender (male-to-female) ratios, and across different populations. The exact prevalence remains unclear, 
particularly in Iraq

التمزق التلقائي لأغشية الجنين قبل بدء الولادة الذي يحدث قبل اكتمال 37 أسبوعًا من الحمل ، يشار إليه على أنه تمزق الأغشية المبكر قبل الولادة . يحدث في 2٪ من حالات الحمل. يعتمد التنبؤ بـه على تحديد عوامل الخطر المرتبطة واستخدام مؤشرات حيوية محددة لمنع النتائج الضارة على الام والجنين. ان الهدف من الدراسة لمعرفة العلاقة وفهم الدور بين حامض الفوليت ، فيتامين بي 12 والهميوسستين في تمزق الغشاء الامينوسي المبكر قبل حدو

Background: The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) must take mental health into account because it might be difficult to find the best therapies and mental health resources. Anxiety and depression are the two psychological illnesses that IBD patients experience most frequently. The growing incidence of these mental illnesses encourages mental screening of every IBD patient at the initial session. There are easy-to-use, scientifically effective screening techniques for mental health issues. As important as or even more so than a therapy modality may be psychological techniques.

Objective: To assess the level of depression among IBD patients in the Gastroenterology and Hepa