Background:

Background: Previous studies suggest a significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a lack of zinc. A lack of zinc can negatively impact insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion, leading to insulin resistance and inadequate glycaemic control. Nevertheless, the correlation between serum zinc levels and glycaemic control in T2DM has not been well studied in various populations.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum zinc levels and glycaemic control, assessed by HbA1c, in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out between April 2018 and July 2019 at Omdurman Teaching Hospital in

Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common urinary tract malignancy, ranking tenth worldwide. In Iraq, UBC is ranked as the seventh most prevalent cancer among the top 10 cancers. Numerous established risk factors for bladder cancer including genetic and hereditary factors, smoking and nicotine behaviors, occupational exposure to certain chemicals and pigments, and environmental pollution from drinking water contaminated with arsenic may also be problems, as well as disorders including chronic cystitis, and infectious diseases like schistosomiasis. Urine cytology and cystoscopy are the gold standard for detecting UBC.

Objectives: To analyze and characterize urinary bladder cancer

Background: Gastric ulcer is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder caused by environmental factors and a higher intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Objective: To investigate the prophylactic effects of melatonin on the histology, severity of gastric ulcers, and levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers (Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and Malondialdehyde (MDA)) in a rat model of indomethacin-induced ulcers.
Methods: This study was performed at Al-Mustansiriyah University's Research Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics from November 2023 to May 2024. Fifty healthy male albino rats weighing between 150 - 250 grams were used. After 24 hours of fasting,

Background: Doctors and patients communicating effectively is a very important base in cancer clinics and out-patient, the “Bad” news is any information that drastically alters a patient’s prospect of their life and forthcoming possibilities. It includes facts about diagnosis, recurrence, and treatment failure in clinical oncology settings.

Objective: To assess the attitudes of cancer patients toward receiving bad news of their condition and the relationships of some sociodemographic variables to these attitudes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the 19^th of February to the 1^st of June 2017 at the Oncology Hospital in the Medica

Background: Patients with spinal cord injuries often face unique challenges related to their dietary regimen. Adequate knowledge about dietary regimens is crucial for their overall health, well-being, and management of specific nutritional needs.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional intervention in enhancing knowledge about dietary regimens among patients with spinal cord injuries and to compare the knowledge levels between the intervention group and the control group.

Patients and Methods: The study was conducted from 8^th of March 2023 to 15^th of February 2024. Sixty patients at Ibn Al-Kuff Hospital for Spinal Cord Injuries i

Background:

Background: Among the most prevalent hormonal, reproductive and metabolic issues impacting women is polycystic ovarian syndrome. Also, insulin resistance raises the chance of developing chronic illnesses in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and potentially endometrial and breast malignancies.
Objectives: Measurement of two intestinal hormones (cholecystokinin, peptide YY), luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and Prolactin. Waist and wrist circumference were measured in centimeters
Methods: A sample of polycystic ovarian syndrome women who were referred to the Medical City of Baghdad ho

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Background:

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Background: Clinical classification of patients with acute coronary syndrome is essential step in identifying severe cases before referring them, fairly quickly, for the ultimate investigation of coronary angiography .Hence it is important to find out the extent at which the severity of the disease, based on clinical classification, agrees with its severity at angiography and to see whether traditional Risk factors or pas ischaemia played a role.
Patients and Methods : The angiographer data of 178 consecutive pts with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) were retrospectively analyzed. The pts consisted of 114 with Unstable Angina (UA)  and 64 pts with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Pati

Baghdad:

Background : The contribution of diastolic dysfunction in patients with preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function to impaired functional status and cardiac mortality in myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown.
Materials and Methods : Assessment of LV diastolic function was performed by Doppler analysis of the mitral and pulmonary venous flow and the propagation velocity of early mitral flow by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography in 150 consecutive patients at day 5-7 following their first acute MI.
Results : Patients were classified into four groups: group A: preserved LV systolic and diastolic function (n=59); group B: LV systolic dysfunction with preserved diastolic function (n=8); group C: LV diastolic dysfunction with

Background: Alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver disease throughout the Western world, responsible for between 40 and 80% of cases of cirrhosis in different countries. Many of the factors underlying the development of alcoholic liver injury remain unknown, and significant questions remain about the value of even very basic therapeutic strategies.
Patients and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 113 alcoholic patients with evidence of liver disease in the absence of other significant etiology attending the Gastoenterorology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital between December 2001 and December 2003 were studied for the hematological and biochemical spectrum of alcoholic liver disease in

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most critical indicators of a population's health, reflecting the cumulative effects of healthcare access, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, and public health strategies (1). Between 2000 and 2022, life expectancy trends in Iraq were shaped by political instability, conflicts, economic sanctions, and evolving risk factors such as lifestyle-related diseases, environmental hazards, and fragmented health services. This article explores these trends, focuses on statistical data and regional comparisons, and recommends actions to address Iraq’s public health challenges.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder worldwide. Effective diabetes self-management and keeping the Glycosylated hemoglobin level within the normal range could decrease the burden on the health system by reducing hospital admissions and diabetic complications, lowering the financial strain on the health system.

Objective: To recognize the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control in patients having type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad, Iraq.

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from June to November 2020. The total number of the

قد يؤثر داء الذئاب الحمامي المجموعي (SLE) على واحد أو أكثر من أجهزة الجسم، ومع مرور الوقت، قد تبدأ المظاهر الأخرى بالظهور. الجهاز العضلي الهيكلي، والجلد، والكلى، وأنظمة الغدد الصماء كلها متورطة في مرض الذئبة الحمراء. إن اختلال توازن الجهاز العصبي، الدم، الأوعية الدموية، الرئوي، الجهاز الهضمي، والعين في الاستجابة المناعية وإنتاج الأجسام المضادة الذاتية كأجسام مضادة للأكسدة LDL (مضادات oxLDL) لها تأثير واضح على أ

خلفية: تزايد استخدام الأدوية العشبية بدلاً من الأدوية التقليدية نتيجة مقاومة المضادات الحيوية ، مما يشكل خطراً على الصحة العامة.

الأهداف: دراسة التركيب الكيميائي واخنبارالنشاط المضاد للبكتيريا في المختبر لمستخلص زيت القرنفل ضد جرثومة المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلن MRSA))  .

الطريقة: تم الحصول على مستخلص زيت القرنفل باستخدام التقطير المائي بواسطة جهاز Cl

 Background: Aspergillus spp. causes a wide range of diseases called Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) which is a fatal illness that affects a variety of immunocompromised people worldwide.

Objective: Using the lateral flow test for the detection of Galactomannan antigen in immunocompromised patients suspected to have IA.

Methods: This study was conducted on 72 patients, whose samples (serum, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Blood) were collected from the Hematology-Oncology Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Pediatric Welfare Hospital, and ICU in Ghazi AL-Hariri Surgical Specialties Hospital, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center in the period between

Background: The increasing global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) has become an important challenge, leading to a heightened demand for oral medicine in developed nations. This demand arises from the recognition of the association between psychiatric disorders and other conditions, including various orofacial pain disorders.

Objective: This study are to evaluate oral conditions such as recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste and to assess salivary alpha-amylase in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional study design that includes a sample of 49 patients who have been diagn

الخلفية: سرطان الرئة هو مرض تنمو فيه خلايا الرئة خارج نطاق السيطرة وقد ينتشر إلى الغدد الليمفاوية أو أعضاء أخرى في الجسم مثل الدماغ. قد ينتشر السرطان من أعضاء أخرى أيضًا إلى الرئتين. تبلغ فرصة إصابة الرجل بسرطان الرئة في حياته حوالي 1 من كل 15 ؛ بالنسبة للمرأة ، يكون الخطر حوالي 1 من 17. تشمل هذه الأرقام الأشخاص الذين يدخنون والذين لا يدخنون. بالنسبة للأشخاص الذين يدخنون فإن الخطر أعلى من ذلك بكثير. في جمي

الخلفية: يتم التقليل من شأن انتشار التشوهات الخلقية عند الولادة في البلدان النامية بسبب عدم توفر الاختبارات التشخيصية في الفترة المحيطة بالولادة أو السجلات الطبية الدقيقة. قد يساعد دراسة انتشار العيوب الخلقية على وضع خط أساس ، وتتبع التغيرات بمرور الوقت ، والكشف عن القرائن المسببة.

الهدف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم انتشار وأنواع التشوهات الخلقية الرئيسية في أحدى المستشفيات ا

الخلاصة :

الخلفية:  إن أحد المخاوف الصحية الرئيسية وعوامل الخطر المحتملة في جراحة القلب المفتوح هو الانتشار المتزايد للسمنة. كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم تأثير السمنة (مؤشر كتلة الجسم BMI ≥30 كجم/م² ) على النتائج المبكرة بعد جراحة ترقيع الشرايين التاجية.

الطرق:  على مدى 16 شهرا (فبراير 2017 الى يونيو 2018)، خضع 246 مريضا لعملية ترقيع الشرايين الت

خلفية البحث: استرواح الجلد هو من الأسباب الشائعة للقدوم الى ردهة الطوارئ. ولكن وجود استرواح الجلد في منطقة الرأس والرقبة نتيجة تداخل جراحي متعلق بالأسنان هو ليس عرض شائع. ووجود استرواح المنصف هو نادر جدا.

تقرير الحالة

دخلت الى ردهة الطوارئ سيده شابه تعاني من الم في الصدر وقد وجد انها تعاني من استرواح المنصف بعد قدومها من عيادة طب بالأسنان حيث قامت بعملية قلع لاحد أسنان العقل.

الخلاصة

ا

المقدمة: من المرجح أن يعود مقدمو الرعاية الراضون عن الخدمات الصحية  للحصول على مزيد من الرعاية وان يقوموا بالتوصية بخدمات مركز الرعاية الصحية الأولية للآخرين. مقدمو الرعاية هؤلاء عادةً ما يمتثلون لنصيحة مقدم الرعاية الطبية وخطة العلاج الموصى بها. سيؤدي الإمتثال في النهاية إلى نتائج صحية أفضل.

الأهداف: قياس رضا مقدمي الرعاية تجاه خدمات الرعاية الصحية للأطفال دون سن الخامسة في مراكز ال

Background: Dutasteride, is a drug whose mechanism of action is inhibition of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. It has been approved for use in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Dutasteride has low solubility and high permeability, which classifies it as Biopharmaceutics classification system class II, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. It has a water solubility of only 0.038 ng/mL and a slow dissolving rate, resulting in its exclusive availability in the market as a formulation contained within soft gelatin capsules.

Objective: The aim of this study involves two parts. First, is the enhancement of dutasteride dissolution rate, by the creation of dutasteride nanosusp

Background: Emotional abuse is a widespread form of child abuse. It is suggested that the adverse outcomes from all forms of abuse mostly result from the emotional impacts. Resistin, a polypeptide high in cysteine, can serve as a valuable biochemical indicator of periodontal tissue damage when detected in the saliva.

Objective: To assess the relationship of emotional abuse with periodontal status and salivary resistin levels.

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included 522 intermediate school students aged 13-15 years in Kirkuk/Iraq. Information on emotional abuse was obtained using Glaser criteria which is a self-administered, structured, question