In this study biofilm matrix proteins (BMP) were isolated from bacterial biofilm and incorporated in a delivery system (liposome) to stimulate an immune response against virulent pathogens. The specimens were cultured and identified depending on morphological and biochemical tests . Around 67.74% of isolates were found to be biofilm formers. The immunomodulatory activity revealed that BMP-liposome vaccine and BMP vaccine significantly increased chemokine CXCL5 levels in sera of rats in first and second doses. The concentration of total WBCs count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes also increased. In rats groups that had received BMP-liposome vaccine, the challenge test revealed high immunogenicity and effective protection. It can, therefore,

Radioactive waste management is a fundamental issue when using nuclear energy. Therefore, it is necessary to study the health and biological effects on human and environment that these radionuclides cause.  The aim of the present study is to estimate the radiotoxicity for radioactive waste in stocked soil in Al-Twaitha city.  The radiotoxicity was calculated for each radionuclide, present in the waste, using their dose factor due to ingestion, which is given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) compendium.

For the purpose of calculating radiation toxicity, a scenario was built that 20% of the radioactivity during radioactive waste handling processes is in the form of dust that can be inhaled or enter

Despite the development of vaccines and a decrease in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections cases, there is a constant concern about the occurrence of new waves during the coming winter, according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to investigate the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe acute respiratory infections and influenza-like illnesses during Omicron variant infections in Iraq between January 2022 and August 2022. The real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), as the standard diagnostic protocol, was performed to analyze the nasopharyngeal swabs of 1879 people with acute respiratory and influenza-like illnesses. Of a total of 1879 participan

Image fusion is the process of combining multiple images to obtain one image with complementary information. Hence the importance of multimodal medical image fusion, which aims to obtain all the important information in one image to improve diagnosis in the medical field. The wavelet transform is a mathematical tool for multi-resolution analyses where the images are decomposed into a series of subbands. Wavelet transforms have a good representation of the original images. The averaging fusion rule and shift variance in the discrete wavelet transform, on the other hand, make the image that comes out of fusion under the wavelet transform blurry or of low quality. In this paper, two novel methods have been presented to improve the quality o

It has been revealed previously that chronic liver disease (CLD) may be associated to hormonal fluctuations. The current study, therefore, aimed to evaluate some hormones in CLD patients compared with non-CLD individuals. This case control study was conducted at Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Medical city, Baghdad, Iraq during December 2021 to May 2022. One hundred and twenty male patients with CLD (age:14-75 years) and 120 control males (age: 24-70 years) were involved in this study. Serum samples were taken from all individuals and were then analysed for many tests which included hormones (Cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, insulin  and thyroid stimulating hormone TSH); biochemical analysis (Prothrombin time PT, i

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting millions of people globally, is defined by symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention that can significantly affect an individual's daily life. The diagnostic process for ADHD is complex, requiring a combination of clinical assessments and subjective evaluations. However, recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have shown promise in predicting ADHD and providing an early diagnosis. In this study, we will explore the application of two AI techniques, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), in predicting ADHD using the Python programming language. The classification accuracies obtained were 96.5% and

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious threat to global medicine as more than two million get CKD yearly. However, the understanding of DNA damage, DNA methylation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains elusive. The study goal was to establish whether homocysteine (Hcy), oxidative DNA damage (ODD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX3) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) could be used as a potential marker of CKD. Measurements of Hcy, ODD, and GPX3 levels were done by commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits of 60 patients with chronic kidney disease (age range 20-87 years) and 30 age-matched healthy controls. DNA extracted from blood of patients was used to evaluate the global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels by the MethylFlash

 In this paper, we have presented a new formula by applying the conjugacy condition for the second-order Taylor expansion. In comparison with classic conjugate gradient methods, the new formula uses both available gradient and function value information. The formula's global convergence findings are described. Numerical results demonstrate that this strategy is effective and its application.

This work includes the synthesis of new pyrazoline derivatives 5-13 over three steps starting from 1,3-indandione. The first step included the acylation of 1,3- indandione with acetyl chloride to produce compound 1 with excellent yield (90%). In the second step, the enolate form of 1 was condensed with various aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, and p chlorobenzaldehyde) to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives 2-4 in high yields (93-95%). The third step involved a reaction of 2-4 with hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine, and p-nitrophenyl hydrazine to give the desired pyrazoline derivatives 5-13 in yields ranging from 70 to 83%. The structure of the synthesized compounds was verified through

Many previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic importance of chondroitinase ABC encoded by the chABCI gene. This study, however, accomplished to determine some amino acids effects on the chABCI gene in Proteus mirabilis to regulate chondroitinase production. A total of 57 (96.61%) isolates of Proteus mirabilis and two (3.39%) isolates of Proteus vulgaris were obtained from clinical specimens. The impact of amino acids on bacterial growth was assessed by gauging the turbidity of the nutrient broth using a spectrophotometer. Two isolates of P. mirabilis were treated with amino acids and their effect on the gene expression of the chABCI gene was studied using a real-tim

Recently, attention has turned to drugs like salicylamide for treating COVID-19. Several studies have reported simple, fast, and sensitive methods for measuring salicylamide levels. However, potential limitations remain regarding interference from other drugs and accuracy of results. To tackle this issue, researchers combined the standard addition technique with flow injection analysis. As part of this investigation, the reaction involving Fe (III), salicylamide, and 1,10-phenanthroline at a temperature of 55°C was examined using a spectrophotometer set at a wavelength of 528 nm. Thus, the new design was able to show an excellent linearity over the concentration range of (2-30 μg/mL) and (25-300 μg/mL), with correlation coefficients (

The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the atmospheric mixed layer, characterized by small-scale, irregular air motions defined by winds that change in speed and direction. Aerosol radiative effects impact the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), which holds most aerosols in the lower atmosphere. Aerosol absorption and scattering both lower the quantity of solar energy that reaches the ground, which has an impact on the spectral signature of the land coverings. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas) for Sentinel 2 satellite imagery, and the time the pictures were taken was 8:00 am ( 22 March, 22 June, 20 September, and

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several conditions, including type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an effect of type 2 diabetes on the association between vitamin D level, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles. The study was conducted at Al-Noamman Hospital, included 257 patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy participants of both sexes with matching ages ranging from 26 to 80 years. The lipid profile, postprandial glucose (PPG), HbA1C, and serum vitamin D were measured. The results showed that 89 (34.6%) of diabetics have vitamin D insufficiency (less than 30 ng/mL). 155 diabetic patients (uncontrolled glycemic) with elevated HbA1C (9.07% ± 2.5), and from those, about 33.5% have vi

This paper focuses on the study of pure Rickart modules (or PR-modules for short), which are a class of modules over a commutative ring with identity. The main objective is to investigate the properties and characterizations of these modules, as well as their relationship with other classes of modules such as free, projective, and flat modules. This paper also explores the connections between PR-modules and various algebraic structures such as rings. The results obtained in this study provide a deeper understanding of the structure and behavior of PR-modules, which can have important applications in algebraic geometry, representation theory, and other areas of mathematics. Some results about PR-module have been investigated in this paper

Due to its association with hepatocellular carcinoma and being one of the ten most common malignancies worldwide, hepatitis C viral infection has become a severe public health concern. Therefore, establishing an accurate, reliable and sensitive diagnostic test for this infection is strongly advised. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been created to achieve this purpose. The current study was established to investigate the hepatitis C virus among Iraqi patients with chronic renal failure and to detect the virus immunologically by the fourth generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and molecularly by real-time PCR. As a result, out of 50 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis, 39

In this paper, the integrability and a zero-Hopf bifurcation of the four-dimensional Lotka-Volterra systems are studied. The requirements for this kind of system's integrability and a line of singularities with two zero eigenvalues are provided. We identify the parameters that lead to a zero-Hopf equilibrium point at each point along the line of singularities. We show that there is only one parameter that displays such equilibria. The first-order averaging method is also employed, although this method will not give any information about the bifurcate periodic solutions that bifurcate from the zero-Hopf equilibria.

Academic chemical laboratories (ACL) are considered public places  the employees come in contact with a variety of pollutants. The aim of the current study was to detect heavy metals levels in the indoor air of ACL in two universities in Baghdad city and assess their levels in the academic employees’ scalp hair as biomarkers. Air samples inside ACL were collected to detect Fe, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu. Scalp hair samples were collected from 40 adult chemical laboratory employees aged 30-60 years, who worked 5 days/week for 6 hours a day. Personal information relating to employees such as age, duration of exposure, smoking habit and sex, was collected as a questionnaire. The results of this study concluded that academic laboratory employees w

Let M be a semiprime 2-torsion free inverse semiring, and let α be an endomorphism of M. Under some conditions, we prove a Jordan α-centralizer of M is a α-centralizer of M, also we prove  if R: M→ M be an additive mapping such that R(r³) + α(r)R(r)α(r)' = 0 holds for all r ∈ M, where R is a centralizer, and α is a surjective endomorphism of M.

 Klebsiella pneumoniae has become one of the most common etiologic agents in the context of recurrent UTI. Capsule is the earliest recognized factor determining bacterial pathogenicity. This study aimed to test the effects of staphyloxanthin, meropenem and a combination of them on capsule genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eighty-eight gram negative bacterial isolates were collected from 150 urine specimens between September and November of 2022.after cultivation on MacConkey agar medium. Oxidase (negative) and catalase (positive) tests were performed. In addition, all isolates were found to be non-motile when their motility was further examined. The results presented that 77 (51.3%) could ferment lactose (lactose ferment

Breast cancer (BC) is a diverse disease with heterogeneous subgroups in pathophysiology and behavior. Recent advances in biomarker-based therapy may help improve treatment options for BC. Thus, this study aimed to assess the role of interleukin (IL)-31 and IL-33 as biomarkers associated with BC risk. Serum concentrations of IL-31 and IL-33 were quantified in women with BC (n = 77), women with benign breast lesion (BBL; n = 51), and healthy women (n = 75), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Compared with BBL or healthy women, IL-33 concentrations were significantly greater in BC patients and were associated with a 1.33-fold increased risk of disease and had excellent prognostic value in BC (area under the curve = 0.89). In addi

The study targets to assess the potential of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in detecting ground distortion caused by earthquakes. The inSAR technique integrates Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and interferometry to reveal the slightest changes on the earth's surface through a specified period, impregnable to climate or time of day. The research analyses some scholarly articles to demonstrate the interest of InSAR in examining earthquakes and their outcome. These articles demonstrate the practical application of InSAR in enhancing fault slip analysis, ground deformation assessment, and early post-seismic changes in earthquakes. InSAR is beneficial with measurements from other tools, such as GPS and time series analysis, b

This study focuses on the automatic detection of human actions in video streams. The requirement to detect what human activities happen in videos is recognition of human action due to significant differences in people's visual and motion appearance and actions, camera perspective shifts, moving background, occlusions, noise, and a massive amount of video data. The human activity recognition challenge involves identifying physical activities carried out by individuals or groups based on traces of movements, including gestures, actions, interactions, and group activities. The detection of concepts usually requires additional annotations for the training dataset.  In this paper, useful methods for categorizing human action recognition are

For intelligent systems, argumentation is a very important factor to point out in Artificial Intelligence (AI) as it represents an essential component. It is one of the critical approaches to making a decision, whereas Dung introduces a mathematical model that classifies attacks among arguments based on ordered pairs. Furthermore, weights’ addition to the arguments is one of the most important developments. It is done by several methods of weight calculation; hence, the Fuzzy weights method is a suitable method when working with game theory (GT). To this end, this paper introduced the GT in a Nash equilibrium method to redraw the acceptable arguments. It depends on the fuzzy weight for reducing the acceptable arguments and acceptable a

The applications of herbal medicine have recently acquired growing interest in range of the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases. Olibanum has been used since ancient eras and several reports studied the pharmacological characteristics of boswellic acid, particularly their effect on the inflammatory response, analgesic properties, and anti-arthritic activity mostly in cell lines, but new approaches include animal models to assess these natural derivatives effects taking into consideration of being safer than synthetic preparations.  The impact of olibanum oil on several parameters was studied in rats during this study. These included white blood cell (WBC) count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C reactive protein (CRP), as well as oth

It is thought that the monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) enzyme, which catalyzes key brain signaling chemicals like serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine, indirectly influences antisocial behavior by disrupting the neurotransmitter balance in brain regions and neural networks. This study aims to assess the MAOA enzyme level in serum and serotonin linked to antisocial behavior in cases in the prison of Baghdad City, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from (63) prisoners and (27) control groups, ages 18 years to 65 years, with a mean ± SD of 37.8 ± 8.8, all males, with different prison terms and different crimes for prisoners in the prison at Baghdad City, Iraq. MAOA and serotonin levels were measured in serum in prisoners and healthy men, and

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious disorders worldwide. The most frequent cause of UTIs is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The current study is designed to assess the resistance of antibiotics, the formation of biofilm, and the detection of adhesion genes in E. coli isolated from patients with UTIs. A hundred and fifty samples were collected from patients with confirmed UTIs in Baghdad province during the period of October 2022 to February 2023. Isolation and identification of E. coli were performed using cultural characteristics, gram staining, and biochemical examination, and the results indicated that 52 (35%) isolates were identified as E. coli. Eleven anti

Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the most frequent chronic endocrine disorders. This study included 60 women with thyroid disorders: 30 with hypothyroidism and 30 with hyperthyroidism, aged between 20 and 40 years. This study used 30 healthy women aged 20-40 years as a control group. Anthropometric measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI), hematological analysis of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), biochemical parameters (Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH, Free triiodothyronine FT3, Free thyroxine FT4, Fasting Blood Sugar FBS), and adipokine concentrations zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP-1) and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) were performed for all participants. The results revealed that the serum levels of zinc-α2-gly

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) creates detailed images by combining a powerful magnetic field with high-frequency radio waves. MRI images need to increase brightness and contrast to facilitate distinguishing diseases. This study aims to improve the MRI images depending on the suggested algorithm, including three main stages. The first is to divide the image into three main areas using Multilevel image thresholds and then improve using CLAHE for each area separately. Finally, these images combine to form one image and improve it again. By analyzing the results and calculating non-referenced quality measures, the proposed method obtained the best quality results compared to the rest of the methods with quality rates of EN(6.14), AG(6.79)

The microwave (MW) method was used to create a series of new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives containing benzothiazole and azo groups. Azoaldehyde derivative A was synthesized via the coupling reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole diazonium ions and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The resultant azoaldehyde A was then subjected to condensation reactions with the primary aromatic amines using the MW method to give azoimines derivatives S1-S5. Finally, compounds S1-S5 were reacted with α-mercaptoacetic acid by the MW method to generate the thiazolidin-4-one derivatives T1-T5. The novel-produced compounds T1-T5 were identified by FT-IR, ¹

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that has a genetic predisposition and a complex pathogenesis in which the involvement of various cytokines has been shown. In the current study, serum interleukin-39 (IL-39) levels from 99 patients with SLE and 33 healthy control subjects who attended the Baghdad Teaching Hospital Rheumatology Unit were examined. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to disease status: inactive (n = 33), active moderate (n = 33), and active severe (n = 33). This topic has not yet been explored, so the significance of IL-39 as a biomarker for SLE was evaluated. Cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Full medical histories, body mass index, ge