Ten species of edible mushrooms (higher fungi) were tested for their ability to reduce cholesterol and glucose in mice blood. The powders of dried fruit bodies of these mushrooms were mixed with standard mice diet at 5 and 10% (on dry wt.). This diet was also supplemented with 2% of pure cholesterol and glucose. Though the significant reduction of blood cholesterol and glucose in mice fed on all tested mushrooms (at both concentrations) was recorded, maximum reduction of blood cholesterol in mice fed on 10% of Pleurotas ostreanus (Gray types, Lentous edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus (White type), Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus sajor caju was 52.55, 50, 485, 46.6 and 18.1% in males, and 50,42, 48.72, 46.4, 41.4 and 38.1% in females, respectiv

In this paper, we suggest a descent modification of the conjugate gradient method which converges globally provided that the exact minimization condition is satisfied. Preliminary numerical experiments on some benchmark problems show that the method is efficient and promising.  

The ionospheric characteristics exhibit significant variations with the solar cycle, geomagnetic conditions, seasons, latitudes and even local time. Representation of this research focused on global distribution of electron (Te) and ion temperatures (Ti) during great and severe geomagnetic storms (GMS), their daily and seasonally variation for years (2001-2013), variations of electron and ion temperature during GMS with plasma velocity and geographic latitudes. Finally comparison between observed and predicted Te and Ti get from IRI model during the two kinds of storm selected. Data from satellite Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) 850 km altitude are taken for Te, Ti and plasma velocity for different latitudes during great

In this paper, the rotation curve of the Milky Way galaxy has been determined using the observed HI emission line at a wavelength of 21 cm. Particularly, the Tangent Point Method was used in order to measure the rotational velocity and the distance to the center of the Milky Way. The measured rotation curve showed that the rotational velocity remains approximately constant at large distances from the center of the Galaxy. This is actually an evidence for the existence of dark matter in the halo of the Milky Way. If all the matter in the Milky Way is visible, then the behavior of the rotation curve of the galaxy should experience a Keplerian decline. The mass of the Milky Way within a radius of 15 kpc was also estimated to be ~ 1.65 × 10

Upper Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) are pelagic sediment
deposits that deposited in the Upper Cretaceous basin, with widespread in
part of the world as well as in Iraq. This research investigates the deposition
of cyclic marl and marly limestone CORBs of six selected sections at the
active southern margin of the Tethys during the Late Campanian -
Maastrichtian with petrography, microfacies, and depositional environment.
As this study was not a consideration in the past, so decided to visit and
identify all exposure areas of the Upper Cretaceous period rocks are visited.
This study involved two fields touring reconnaissance extended from
Darbandikhan city in the east south to Shiranish Village in the west

A non-destructive assay (NDA) for radioactive waste drum has been studied
using a local manufacturing gamma scanning system. The gamma system has been
designed and implemented using scanning system contains a high efficiency
portable HPGe detector for characterization and surveying the radioactive waste
drums at Al-Tuwaitha site- Baghdad. To achieve identification with nonhomogenous
radioactive waste drum, six parallel plastic pipes (2cm in diameter)
were inserted inside the cement type Portland contain radioactive sources and
located at different distances from the outer diameter of the drum. The efficiency
calibration is measured by conventional technique, using five miscellaneous radio
nuclides with drum. Th

The development in the field of medical physics has led to the use of devices that
are manufactured under normal conditions to make tremendous progress in the
world of development in medical treatment by using these devices with modern
techniques by reducing the use of antibiotics and relying on these tools and devices
that link between physics and modern therapeutic medicine. In this research, a nonthermal
plasma system for argon gas operated at normal atmospheric pressure was
designed, this system was applied on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacteria isolated
from burn patients from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital. These bacteria were exposed
to this system, the results showed that these bacteria were killed at time (5 min)

      The present study was designed to estimate the active ingredients in the aqueous extract of fennel Foeniculum vulgare L. fruits and test the effects of different concentrations of the extract on serum estrogen and prolactin levels in female rats.  The work was conducted to prepare the aqueous extract in the laboratory, while the secondary active substances in the extract were estimated using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology. The experiments were conducted in the animal house of the College of Science, Tikrit university,on a total of 12 adult albino virgin female rats divided into four groups, each having three rats.The aqueous extract of the fruit plant was administrate

      The present work investigates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a biological method using L.Rosa flower extract and silver nitrate as precursors. Optimum conditions of synthesis were studies, such as pH, temperature, concentration of extract, concentration of silver nitrate, and stability with time. Characterization of AgNPs was carried out using UV-visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited inhibitory effects on creatine kinase activity in the sera of patients with myocardial infarction, compared with control subjects. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of c

Twilight is a light which appears in the horizon before the sunrise and after the
sunset .This research is about the count of long period of twilight after the sunset for
a day born of crescent in Iraq for the city of Baghdad , Mousl , Basrah for many
years and for months of blessed Ramadan and Shawal . Studying the changes period
of astronomic twilight on the long of months of year for three cities . It is found that
the different between the bigger and smaller period for twilight on the long of
months of year arrives to (22 ) minute in Baghdad and in Mousl (25 ) minute , in
Basrah (19 ) minute . As well studying elements seeing crescent for this month .It is
found that there is a reflected relati

Space velocities (U,V,and W)for many stars in the halo of our galaxy were
calculated by choosing A,G and K spectral type stars at a distance nearly 10 pc. It
was found that some of these stars represent a Local Association group (kinematic
stream), the stars of this group are sharing in similar 3-D kinematic motion in the
galaxy, in the solar neighborhood. The results displayed that these velocities are in a
good correlation with each other .

In this paper, an accurate optical system for human eye is designed using new approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA). The eye is assumed consists of two optical elements: cornea and eyelens, the remaining contents are just a supplements for these optical elements. The optimal eye design is obtained by GA with some restrictions related to the determination of the generic structure of the eye. The resulted eye is then tested by comparing its optical functions; once with that of the perfect eye, and another with that in literatures. As a results, the genetic eye was identified the characteristics of the real-life eye, which ensure the efficiency of the evolutionary methods to achieve an intended optical design.

The dynamics and physics of the atmospheric layer nearest to the Earth's surface are included in the boundary layer meteorology. This research aims to evaluate the impacts of aerosols at different altitudes with various optical properties on CBL development. The greatest impact occurs when aerosol absorption is low but close to the peak of CBL. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of aerosols which reduce the net heating, which in turn causes a decrease in the height of the CBL and increases the partitioning of the boundary layer. The methods used in the study depend on the hourly average height boundary taken from the European Centre for Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the year 2021 over Baghdad City. It showed tha

       This study aims to assess the formation evaluation of the Jeribe Formation in Hamrin oilfield. The present study involved four selected wells of (Early- Mid Miocene) Jeribe Formation in Hamrin structure-Allas field; HR-2, HR-8, HR-9, and HR-16 located North of Iraq. The work deals with the available data that includes the most required information to improve such studies. Techlog Software V.2015 was used to carry out a reliable calculation of petrophysical properties utilizing conventional logs to determine the reservoir characteristics (lithology, porosity, and saturation). The computed CPI (software resulted) based on log information divided the Jeribe reservoir into two reservoir units (Jr-1 and Jr

Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset (WBCD) was employed to show the performance of the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART), specifically the supervised ART-I Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to build a breast cancer diagnosis smart system. It was fed with different learning parameters and sets. The best result was achieved when the model was trained with 50% of the data and tested with the remaining 50%. Classification accuracy was compared to other artificial intelligence algorithms, which included fuzzy classifier, MLP-ANN, and SVM. We achieved the highest accuracy with such low learning/testing ratio.

Steganography is one of the most popular techniques for data hiding in the different media such as images, audio or video files. This paper introduced the improved technique to hide the secret message using the LSB algorithm inside the RGB true color image by encrypting it using the secret key transformation function. The key is selecting randomly in the GF (2n) with condition it has an inverse value to retrieve the encrypted message. Only two bits are used for the low byte in each pixel (the blue byte) to hide the secret message, since the blue color has a weak effect on human eyes. The message hidden by the suggested algorithm is less vulnerable to be stolen than other similar applications.

In this paper, we will show that the Modified SP iteration can be used to approximate fixed point of contraction mappings under certain condition. Also, we show that this iteration method is faster than Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, SP, CR, Karahan iteration methods. Furthermore, by using the same condition, we shown that the Picard S- iteration method converges faster than Modified SP iteration and hence also faster than all Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, SP, CR, Karahan iteration methods. Finally, a data dependence result is proven for fixed point of contraction mappings with the help of the Modified SP iteration process.

To determine the role of Epstien barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , Reactive arthritis (ReA) and Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, sixty-two patients (52 patients with RA ,five patients with ReA and five patients with AS) have been investigated. The mean age (47.3, 47.7, 34.5) of RA, ReA , AS respectively and compared to 24 apparently healthy individuals with the mean age 28.3. All the study groups were carried out to measure antibodies of EBV (VCA) IgG and IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The result showed that there was a highly significant elevation ( p< 0.01) in the concentration of EBV (VCA) IgG Ab compared to control group, while there was no significant different (

In this paper we present a study on Peristaltic of fractional generalized Maxwell viscoelastic fluid through a porous medium. A modified Darcy-Brinkman model is utilized to simulate the flow of a generalized Maxwell fluid in a porous medium in an inclined channel with slip effect. The governing equation is simplified by assuming long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The numerical and approximate analytical solutions of the problem are obtained by a semi-numerical technique, namely the homotopy perturbation method. The influence of the dominating physical parameters such as fractional Maxwell parameter, relaxation time, amplitude ratio, permeability parameter, Froude number, Reynolds number and inclination of channel on

Fifty different samples (water and soil) were collected from different places in Iraq. Only (5) isolates showed the ability to grow and utilize methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy. Morphological, cultural characterization and biochemical tests confirmed that these isolates belonging to genus Pseudomonas (KK1-KK5) .Plasmid profiles results showed that these isolates were harbored only one large plasmid . KK5 isolate was selected because of its efficiency and ability to grow in high density on methanol selective medium (0.8%) for conjugation and curing experiments, these were checked by conjugation experiments after their expression in E. coli MM294. The genes responsible for methanol utilization were located on large conjugativ

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib research station, Baghdad , Iraq ,The objectives were to study the effect of the competition with in plants on period long of growth stages by the effects nitrogen fertilizer and planting space of rape seed . A split-plot in a randomized complete of block design with three replications were used . Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 120,160,200,240,280 Kg / ha ) were assigned to main plots, whereas planting space(30,40 and 50cm) in sub-plots .The result obtained confirmed that the plant did not varied significantly at the first three growing stages (A no real leaves only the 2 cotyledons can be seen),B1 (one real leaf is spread and unfurled),B4 (four real leaves is spread and unfurled ) and stag

 In this study distributed 1320 questionnaire for families in two countries from North Africa ( Libya , Mourtania ) contains some parameters consanguineous degrees, marriage period , fertility degree for families and some reproductive health parameters (parity ,spontaneous abortion , fetal death , still birth and neonatal death {0-2 years}).
The result refers to the non consanguineous percentage equal 47.1% which considered high when compared with other Arabia countries like Egypt which equal 28.9% for marriages .(18).
The non fertile families percentage equal 1.4% also refers to increase parity percentage when compared with other countries in the world and also the Arabia countries.
Spontaneous abortion percentage equal

The study was dealing with isolation , purification and evaluation activity of SuperOxide Dismutase ( SOD ) in patients with sickle cell anemia type HbS/F and HbS/S. The result was revealed a significant decreases in values of total SOD activity in plasma of patients with both type sickle cell anemia as compared with healthy individuals (control) , furthermore the total enzyme activity was more decreased in type HbS/S than type HbS/F, total SOD activity was determined by riboflavin / nitrobluetetrazolium assay.The result was also revealed a significant decrease in zinc level while the level of copper was increased in both patient plasma in comparison
The purification procedure represented by using some solvents and precipitation by

The s-level of a screened hydogenic atom in a uniform magnetic field of arbitrary strength B have been calculated accurately. First, the related spherical symmetric case )~(2122Brhas been treated by using the linear variational method. The trial wave function is taken as linear mixture of hydogenic and 3D harmonic ascillator wave functions of s-symmetry. Second, the actual nonspherical case)(21222yx is studied by adopting the correction proposed by Mustafa and Chhajlany (Phys. Rev.A,50,(I994),2926). The latter accounts for the difference between the two cases in an appaximate way by utilizing the properties of the 2D and 3D harmonic oscillators.
We start our study with the unsceened hydrogen case to recover their shifted

استخدمت بعض الخصائص الهيدروكيميائية كالمواد الصلبة الذائبة وت ا ركيز الايونات الرئيسة
المشتملةعلى الكالسيوم,المغنيسيوم, الصوديوم, الكلوريد, الكبريتات والعسرة الكاربونية لنهر الخابور في محطة
. 1983- ا زخو لتحليل الاتجاه العام لها وسلوكها الدوري اعتمادا على القياسات الشهرية للفترة 1979
اوضحت نتائج الد ا رسة الحالية ان هنالك اتجاها عاما للزيادة في قيم هذه المتغي ا رت باستثناء العسرة الكاربونية
التي ت

The Hagiastridae Reidel include Spongodiscacea with two, three or four rayed test comprised of layered spongy meshwork lacking concentric ring or spirl. This family appears to be restricted to the Mesozoic (1, 2, 3). It has ageologic history extending at least as far as the Jurassic. The majority of Hagiastridae species are distinctive and with short range.
Seven species of Hagiastridae: Paronaella ewingi, Halesium quadratum, Patulibracchium inaequalum, Patulibracchium marshensis, Hagiastrum plenum, Crucella messinae, Crucella irwini, have been described. They are frome the upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous Karimia Formation of northren Iraq.

      Eight-hydroxyguanosine  (8-OHdG) is considered as one of the principle forms of oxygen radicals that stimulated the oxidative stress and has been extensively utilized as a biomarker for oncogenesis. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the alteration in the levels of 8-OHdG, antioxidant profile and proinflammatory cytokines levels in patients with lung carcinoma. Blood samples were collected from 40 cases with lung cancer (stage III) admitted before the treatment, for health examination at the Nanakaly Hospital in Erbil city and 45 healthy samples of controls with ages ranging between 38-69 years for both groups. Circulating concentration of 8-OHdG, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 were evaluated by