The texture analysis of cancer cells leads to a procedure to distinguish spatial differences within an image and extract essential information. This study used two test tumours images to determine cancer type, location, and geometric characteristics (area, size, dimensions, radius, etc.). The suggested algorithm was designed to detect and distinguish breast cancer using the segmentation-based threshold technique. The method of texture analysis Grey Level Size Zone method was used to extract 11 features: Small Zone Emphasis, Large Zone Emphasis, Low Grey Level Zone Emphasis, High Grey Level Zone Emphasis, Small Zone Low Grey Level Emphasis, Small Zone High Grey Level Emphasis, Large Zone Low Grey Level Emphasis, Large Zone High Gre

     A number of nitrones have been synthesized in three different procedures, starting with N-phenyl hydroxylamine, followed by the condensation reaction with some selected aldehydes. Furthermore, these nitrones were employed in the preparation of a number of new isoxazolidines. Cycloaddition reaction of nitrones to styrene produced the desired products.

       Diverse organismsuch as mammals and fishes exposure to noxious waste in the surroundings is a continuous routine and the active absorption and propagation of contaminants in humans is through the food chain. In order to determine the level of toxicity across the food chain,this research was structured to identify some biochemical alterations in the hepatic tissue of rats fed cadmium, cyanide and a mixture of cyanide and cadmium contaminated catfish diet. Fish were assigned into four groups and were exposed to both toxicants (cadmium and cyanide) in the single and combined states. Each toxicant was administered as cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) and potassium cyanide (KCN) on a dose of 0.4 mg of the toxicant/100 ml water

      The toxicity effect of Chanca piedra (Phyllanthus niruri)leaves extract was studied on albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups, four per group. Group 1 received water and feeds only, whileonly. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered doses of the extract 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively. Parameters studied were indices of liver and kidney function. Results showed that final body weight, serum, AST, ALP, urea, Creatinine, and some electrolytes were not affected by the administration of the different doses of the extract. ALT significantly increased by administration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the extract when compared with the control. Besides, there was asignificant increase in the level of

  This paper deals with numerical approximations of a one-dimensional semilinear parabolic equation with a gradient term. Firstly, we derive the semidiscrete problem of the considered problem and discuss its convergence and blow-up properties. Secondly, we propose both Euler explicit and implicit finite differences methods with a non-fixed time-stepping procedure to estimate the numerical blow-up time of the considered problem. Finally, two numerical experiments are given to illustrate the efficiency, accuracy, and numerical order of convergence of the proposed schemes.

This paper proposes a method for improving network security by introducing an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) framework between end devices. It considers big data challenges and the difficulty of updating databases to uncover new threats to firewalls and detection systems. The proposed framework introduces a supervised network using CNN and the UNSW-NB15 dataset. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Extreme Gradient Boosting ( XGB)wereused to save time and resources. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model (BGMM) reduce bias toward the majority class of the dataset. The results show that this model performs better than other methods, with 98.80% accuracy for binary classification and

     The central nervous system (CNS) disease known as multiple sclerosis (MS) is essentially an inflammatory demyelinating condition with a variety of clinical manifestations and variable histological findings. A number of immunological and biochemical markers may alter MS, which is also characterized as an autoimmune illness. MS patients (n = 100) were divided into two groups: newly diagnosed (n = 42) and patients with ongoing treatments (n = 58). These groups were compared to healthy subjects (n = 55); the mean age ±SD was (30±8.46 years), (37±8.06 years), and (31±8.73 years) for MS newly diagnosed patients, patients with ongoing treatments, and healthy subjects, respectively. Studies for serum levels of eotaxin-1, myelin basi

     The spatial assessment criteria system for hybridizing renewable energy sources, such as hybrid solar-wind farms, is critical in selecting ideal installation sites that maximize benefits, reduce costs, protect the environment, and serve the community. However, a systematic approach to designing indicator systems is rarely used in relevant site selection studies. Therefore, the current paper attempts to present an inclusive framework based on content validity to create an effective criteria system for siting wind-solar plants. To this end, the criteria considered in the related literature are captured, and the top 10 frequent indicators are identified. The Delphi technique is used to subject commonly used factors to expert judgme

     In this study, the stellar mass M*(L_B) and the atomic gas mass M_HI (L_B) were utilized to evaluate the baryonic mass Tully–Fisher (M_b) of disc system spiral galaxies (for normal spiral and barred spirals) and to obtain an empirical relation between masses M_b, M_HI, M* and optical luminosity at blue range L_B. The data for the studied sample was collected from literature papers for unbarred (normal) and barred-type morphological spiral galaxies. Therefore, in this work, the sample of data was chosen to analyze the baryonic mass Tully–Fisher relationship for normal and barred spiral galaxies. Statistical analysis of the connections was used between the

      Autoimmune thyroid disease mainly includes Graves’ disease (GD) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIH), which is caused by individual genetics, autoimmune dysfunction, and a variety of external environmental factors. Interleukin IL-38 and IL- 40 are involved in a wide range of autoimmune diseases, but little is known about IL-38 and IL-40 expression in autoimmune thyroid disease. This research included 82 female patients with Graves' disease (GD), 78 females with autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIH), and 85 female healthy controls (HC). An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and sequencing of IL-38 and IL-40 were used to evaluate serum levels and gene polymorphism, respectively. Results showed

     Cloud computing describes computer services provided through the internet and includes a wide range of virtualization resources. Because cloud computing is made up of a sizable number of heterogeneous autonomous systems with an adaptable computational architecture, it has been widely adopted by many businesses. The scheduling and management of resource utilization, however, have become more difficult as a result of cloud computing. Task scheduling is crucial, and this procedure must schedule tasks on the  virtual machine while using the least amount of time possible. Utilizing an effective scheduling strategy enhances and expedites cloud computing services. Optimization techniques are used to resolve cloud scheduling problems.

Voting is an important procedure in democratic societies in different countries, including Iraq. Electronic voting (E-voting) is becoming more prevalent due to reducing administrative costs and burdens. E-voting systems have many restrictions that affect the electoral process. For example, fraud, tampering with ballot boxes, taking many hours to announce results, and the difficulty of reaching polling stations. Over the last decade, blockchain and smart contract technologies have gained widespread adoption in various sectors, such as cryptocurrencies, finance, banking, and most notably in e-voting systems. If utilized properly, the developer demonstrates properties that are promising for their properties, such as security, privacy, trans

    The problem statement discussed in this paper is a new technique for the presentation of painterly rendering that uses a K-mean segmentation to divide the input image into a set of regions (depending on the grayscale of the regions). Segmenting the input image helps users use different brush strokes and easily change the strokes' shape, size, or orientation for different regions. Every region is painted using different brush kinds. The properties of the brush strokes are chosen depending on the region's details. The brush stroke properties, such as size, color, shape, location, and orientation, are extracted from the source image using statistical tools. The number of regions is set up manually and depends on the input image. This

In this article, the backstepping control scheme is proposed to stabilize the fractional order Riccati matrix differential equation with retarded arguments in which the fractional derivative is presented using Caputo's definition of fractional derivative. The results are established using Mittag-Leffler stability. The fractional Lyapunov function is defined at each stage and the negativity of an overall fractional Lyapunov function is ensured by the proper selection of the control law. Numerical simulation has been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for stabilizing such type of Riccati matrix differential equations.

     This study is achieved in the local area of the Eridu oil field, where the Mishrif Formation is considered the main productive reservoir. The Mishrif Formation was deposited during the Cretaceous period in the secondary sedimentary cycle (Cenomanian-Early Turonian as a part of the Wasia Group, a carbonate succession widespread throughout the Arabian Plate.

     The Mishrif Formation already have been evaluated in terms of depositional environments and their diagenetic processes. Here, it will test the previous conclusions with petrophysical properties delineated by using well logging. The results show there is a fully matching with two reservoir units (MA and MB). Dissolution and primary porosity are responsible for f

      Water balance approaches are strategies for resolving key theoretical and practical hydrological issues. The major goals of this study are to examine climatic elements and conditions to calculate groundwater recharge using the water balance approach. The study area is located in Mandaly city, Diyala Governorate, eastern Iraq. The metrological data was gathered between 1994 and 2020 to evaluate the study area's climate. The annual rainfall rate has been 248.61 mm, with a relative humidity of 43.89%, a temperature of 24.41 ^oC, a wind speed of 1.99 m/sec, sunshine of 8.32 hours per day, and evaporation of (268.09 mm). The total amount of corrected evapotranspiration was 1010.09 mm, with a peak value of 225.29 mm in Jul

     Unknown subsurface leaking water sources and possible subsurface seepage from a sewage tank in a garden at Al-Khawarizmi engineering college, University of Baghdad, were detected in this study. The 2D electrical resistivity imaging. The ERI survey is carried out along two lines, 60m and 50m long, with an electrode spacing of 1 m, forming a cross using the Wenner-Schlumberger array configuration. Line 1 is 60m, while line 2 is 50m. Soil samples were collected from line 1 at positions of electrode 34, which shows a high resistivity value, and electrode 55, which shows low resistivity, for laboratory analysis. Robust inversion and modelling processes showed relative change and high contrast in interpreted resistivities. Soil analy

The present study deals with the petrographic investigations revealed that the sandstone of Gercus Formation the studied samples of sandstone units composed primarily of rock fragments (sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic), quartz grains (monocrystalline and polycrystalline), and feldspars (orthoclase, microcline and plagioclase). These components are cemented by carbonate and iron oxides. The studied sandstones are classified as litharenites, Sandstone rocks of Gercus Formation  are chemically and mechanically unstable due to the high percentage of rock fragments ,such a grain assemblage infers that the source of the rock fragments is nearby. The petrographic analyses indicate that the studied sandstones are immature mineralogically b

      The current research studies the depositional setting of the Jeribe Formation in the south Mosul area of northern Iraq, which is tectonically located in the Low Folded Zone characterized by the deposition of limestone and marly limestone of the Jeribe Formation during the Middle Miocene. Petrography has provided a diversity of fauna such as benthonic foraminifera (Miliolid, Peneroplis sp., Dendritina sp. and Borelis melo curdica) in addition to Red Algae and Mollusca. The Jeribe carbonates were affected by various diagenetic processes such as dolomitization, neomorphism, cementation, anhydritization, compaction and dissolution. Many microfacies have been identified, including lime mudestone, wackestone, packstone and Milioldal

        In this paper, the effects of prey’s fear on the dynamics of the prey, predator, and scavenger system incorporating a prey refuge with the linear type of functional response were studied theoretically as well as numerically approach. The local and global stabilities of all possible equilibrium points are investigated. The persistence conditions of the model are established. the local bifurcation analysis around the equilibrium points, as well as the Hopf bifurcation near the positive equilibrium point, are discussed and analyzed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out, and the obtained trajectories are drowned using the application of Matlab version (6) to explain our found analytical

     Internet technology has revolutionized the landscape of communication technologies in the modern era. However, because the internet is open to the public, communication security cannot be guaranteed. As a result, data concealment approaches have been developed to ensure confidential information sharing. Various methods have emerged to achieve the goal of secure data communication via multimedia documents. This study proposes a method, which is both adaptable and imperceptible, for concealing a secret text in a color image. From an adaptivity perspective, image corners are detected using the Harris corner detection algorithm and utilized as anchor points for picking the optimal hiding regions of interest using Bezier curve interp

    Rainfall in the mid-latitudes is highly related to the synoptic pattern at the upper-levels, this study focuses on the relationship between 500 hPa geopotential height patterns and the cyclone at the surface. Synoptic studies that there is a correlation between cyclone at the surface and deepening of the trough at the upper in the mid-latitudes. The results show that when the upper trough is situated over the eastern Mediterranean, this will enhance the advection of warm and moist air from the tropical region, which will cause baroclinic instability over Iraq, leading to heavy precipitation and torrents in some situations.

In the last few years, fiber-coupled diode lasers have shown massive applications in many fields of communication and scientific research. Particularly, the pumping of solid-state lasers is a key application for more powerful diode lasers enabling good solutions in various laser micro methods like metal cutting, sintering, structuring as well as drilling. In this work, a simple beam shaping method is demonstrated for coupling a high-power semiconductor laser diode into multi-mode fiber optic using optical lenses. The optical lenses as beam transformation components are utilized to reshape the asymmetrical irradiation of the diode laser bar and to circularize the laser beam. Using this simple method, compact, high-output-power, and high-b

       This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke with a biofilter of bidara leaf powder on the histology of the liver, lungs and blood viscosity of mice. This test was carried out for 28 days by giving cigarette smoke with a biofilter of bidara leaf powder and observing the histology of the liver, lungs and blood viscosity. The results showed that exposure to cigarette smoke with a biofilter of bidara leaf powder was very effective in reducing damage to the liver and lungs of mice, and also very effective in reducing blood viscosity as in normal mice blood viscosity. The use of Bidara leaf powder biofilter can affect the histology of the liver, lungs and blood viscosity in mice. Bidara leaf powder biofi

      In education, exams are used to asses students’ acquired knowledge; however, the manual assessment of exams consumes a lot of teachers’ time and effort. In addition, educational institutions recently leaned toward distance education and e-learning due the Coronavirus pandemic. Thus, they needed to conduct exams electronically, which requires an automated assessment system. Although it is easy to develop an automated assessment system for objective questions. However, subjective questions require answers comprised of free text and are harder to automatically assess since grading them needs to semantically compare the students’ answers with the correct ones. In this paper, we present an automatic short answer grading metho

      One hundred and seventy-six cases of suspected meningitis (SMN) were included in a cross-sectional study. Their ages ranged from less than 1 year to 80 years, of whom 44.3% were male. The aim was to assess bacterial meningitis (BMN) in terms of incidence and types of causative bacteria. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted with universal primers designed to amplify a DNA fragment (996 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene of eubacteria. Resolving PCR products in agarose-gel electrophoresis revealed that 37.5% of CSF specimens were PCR positive, while 62.5% of CSF specimens showed no band and were considered PCR-negative. Eighty percent of the latter specimens were not

      This paper examines the finding of spacewise dependent heat source function in pseudoparabolic equation with initial and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, as well as the final time value / integral specification as additional conditions that ensure the uniqueness solvability of the inverse problem. However, the problem remains ill-posed because tiny perturbations in input data cause huge errors in outputs. Thus, we employ Tikhonov’s regularization method to restore this instability. In order to choose the best regularization parameter, we employ L-curve method. On the other hand, the direct (forward) problem is solved by a finite difference scheme while the inverse one is reformulated as an optimization problem. The

      Proteases have various applications in the food, pharmaceutical, medicine, pathogenicity of some pathogenic bacteria, and detergent sectors as well as meeting the needs of approximately 60% of the global enzyme industry, whereas they catalyze the breakdown of protein molecules into peptides and amino acids. Production and purification of protease enzyme by the isolate Escherichia coli AJ55 was scrutinized in the present study. Cultivation optimum conditions, were various complex medium, carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH of the medium, and time of incubation were optimized to enhance the total protease production in shake flask culture of E.coli AJ55. The nutrient broth supplemented with 2% gluco

    In this work, a class of stochastically perturbed differential systems with standard Brownian motion of ordinary unperturbed differential system is considered and studied. The necessary conditions for the existence of a unique solution of the stochastic perturbed semi-linear system of differential equations are suggested and supported by concluding remarks. Some theoretical results concerning the mean square exponential stability of the nominal unperturbed deterministic differential system and its equivalent stochastically perturbed system with the deterministic and stochastic process as a random noise have been stated and proved. The proofs of the obtained results are based on using the stochastic quadratic Lyapunov function meth