This study aims to determine the ability of glass sand to absorb chromium from aqueous solutions. Glass sand samples were collected from the Rutba Formation (Cenomanian age) in the Western Desert of Iraq. Numerous laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of time and concentration on adsorption. For a duration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 minutes, four initial chromium concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80) were tested. Glass sand to chromium solution ratio was 2 grams to 30 ml. Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH values were measured at 30ºC. The equilibrium time is determined as 20 min in most concentrations. The equation of Freundlich showed that the adsorption intensity (n)

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality among females worldwide. The recruitment of less invasive serum protein electrophoresis and serum breast cancer tumor markers as monitoring factors for patient response to therapy is still controversial.

 Hence, the present study aimed to designate serum protein electrophoresis pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma antigens (CA125  and CA 15-3) as novel biomarkers in monitoring breast cancer patients under and post radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Samples included 23 breast cancer women patients after mastectomy and under or post chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3, and CA 125 were measured by usin

Over two decades, this study analyzes drought trends in Diyala Province, Iraq, and It utilizes remote sensing data and rainfall analysis to evaluate the severity and frequency of drought in 2002, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2022. The research maps drought distributions in Diyala Province using satellite images from Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Landsat 9 and analyzes the vegetation health index (VHI), soil moisture index (SMI), and average rainfall data. Results showed increased drought intensity: severe drought expanded from 48% in 2005 to 50% in 2022, and arid conditions increased from 1.1% in 2002 to 17.1% in 2022, as per SMI. Moreover, rainfall analysis reveals varying patterns, with 2022 experiencing lower average rainfall (4.215 mm) an

The convective heat transfer and nanofluid flow through porous media within the Photovoltaic/Thermal system (PV/T) under maximum air temperatures of 10, 25, and 52 ^οC in Baghdad city were investigated numerically. The PV/T system was filled with porous media and nanofluid, where the porous media consisted of open-cell aluminum foam (6101-T6 alloy) with a pore density of 20 PPI and a porosity of 0.9353-0.92%. The nanofluids were composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles suspended in water and ethylene glycol (EG) with a volume fraction of 1-3 % and a nanoparticle diameter of 25 nm. A high-efficiency solar panel with a thermal collector was used at tilt angles o

An older people's disease known as frailty occurs when an elderly individual exhibits heightened susceptibility to little stimuli. An individual who is feeble experiences limited ability to grasp, an unintended reduction in weight, a feeling of happiness, a sluggish gait, and trouble standing. The detection of frailty phenomenology is one of the greatest developments in geriatric medicine in the past 20 years. Frailty develops into an impairment if left unchecked. Clinical decision support systems are used to help professionals, or physicians, make more informed and complex decisions. Thus, in order to assist the board in providing healthcare effortlessly in controlling the frailty conditions and, usually, to identify the class of acquir

Image steganography involves concealing various forms of information, such as text, images, or videos, within an existing image. The hidden data is embedded in a manner that remains imperceptible to human observers. In this paper, a stego image that successfully hides the secret information and renders it undetectable to others is created by embedding a hidden message into an original image. The secret message may be text (the doctor’s report of the patient’s case) or maybe a secret image (chest x-ray) or encrypted secret image to increase security and guarantee the patient’s privacy. The cover images may be brain, breast, and lung images. An enhanced LSB technique is introduced, incorporating common LSB and conditional MSB, with a

The study seeks to assess the efficacy of utilizing a Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) as an alternative to conventional methodologies for 2D coordinate transformation. Converting the previously used reference system in Iraq to the global system is one of the main requirements that play a main role in various applications requiring the standardization of geographic referencing for different data, including geospatial applications, remote sensing, image processing, and more. This necessitates researching and finding the most suitable methods to ensure high accuracy in the results. The Karbala 1979 (Clark 1880) of the Iraqi national geodetic network and the Iraqi Geospatial Reference System (IGRS) were currently used as g

A migraine is a neurological disorder that causes severe headaches. Although it is not life-threatening, it greatly affects people's lives. Migraine classification is considered a complicated research area. Early detection and accurate classification help in determining the appropriate care, speeding recovery from the disease, and avoiding its effects. So, developing a migraine classification system is very necessary. The aim of this work is to suggest a migraine classification model based on a stochastic gradient-boosting ensemble algorithm. First, the dataset is pre-processed. Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) is used to balance a migraine dataset that contains seven groups of migraine patients. Twenty-three migraine attributes were extracte

The peduli-lindungi (Care-Protect) application is an official application used by the Indonesian government to monitor crowds of people who are active in closed and public spaces. The purpose of this application is to facilitate actions that can be taken by the government to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One of the actions is user tracing. In this study, an analysis was carried out on data originating from the Peduli-lindungi Application, which is confidential. Some of the data fields used are still protected by the government. To get accurate data analysis results, preprocessing techniques are carried out on Peduli-lindungi data to produce new datasets as observational data material. The results obtained show that 4073 data points wer

In recent years, there has been a growing popularity of autonomous vehicles due to their significant impact on society. One of the key tasks of autonomous vehicles is accurate pedestrian detection, which plays a vital role in preventing accidents. However, accurately detecting and tracking pedestrians under various environmental circumstances poses a significant challenge. In this paper, an efficient model for pedestrian detection is proposed by integrating three modules: You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) for object segmentation, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for feature extraction, and Custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification and detection. For tracking purposes, a simple online and real-time tracking (SO

Future hydraulic thermal substances made of hybrid nanofluids have a lot of potentials to fulfill the strict applied thermal energy management specifications of cutting-edge heat flux tricks. Due to synergistic thermal effects and general hydrothermal characteristics, it is necessary to examine the enhanced heat-transfer properties of nanofluids based on hybrid nanomaterials in various advances for the thermal management of machines with advanced heat flux. In a variety of corrugated casings filled with water and a  hybrid nanofluid, the effects of a horizontal magnetic field on natural convection heat transfer have been studied. Finite element techniques (FEM) have been employed to solve the generated dimensionless partial differential

Kirkuk province needs a comprehensive and specialized strategy to address these difficulties and identify the most suitable solar energy solutions to reduce its ecological impact and improve its energy security and economic sustainability in future years. This study aims to present a framework for solar energy farm site selection working with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques surrounding Kirkuk province, Iraq. Several spatial data sets were integrated in two steps to locate the best locations for solar energy farms. The first stage was to identify land availability with the elimination of constraints areas such as distance from major roads, distance from bodies of water, urban are

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network comprised of interconnected items, including computing devices and digital gadgets. Cloud-based IoT infrastructures are vulnerable to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. A DDoS attack has the potential to incapacitate a server for an extended duration, resulting in service disruptions as a consequence of overwhelming system resources. This research presents a novel framework for mitigating DDoS attacks in IoT networks. The proposed system leverages the fog-cloud architecture to provide efficient, lightweight, and precise attack mitigation. Notably, the mitigation process is executed at the fog layer. The suggested fog layer uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to make allocatin

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) comprises a multiplex hormone-based disorder that is typically accompanied by several complications, including irregularity of menses, excessiveness of hair growth in face and body, acne, obesity, diminished fertility, and higher probability of developing diabetes. Many hormones and enzymes may undergo changes in PCOS patients. This study involved 138 women who were separated into two groups: PCOS women (n=90) with an age range of (22-45) years, and apparently healthy women (n=48) representing the control group with age being matched to the patient group. All patients attended to Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital, Department of Obstetrical and Gynecology and diagnosed by a consultant physician. Following per

 In this paper, we explore and introduce a novel study employing a new operator denoted as W_(ν,γ,δ,τ,n,r,d)^(η,s)  within the field of geometric function theory, particularly in the context of sandwich theorems. We derive results pertaining to differential subordination and superordination for this new formula operator. Additionally, we establish specific sandwich theorems.

Mathematics and the applied sciences both heavily rely on fixed point ( theory. Additionally, this theory has several applications in integral equations and differential equations to guarantee the solutions' existence and uniqueness.  theory relies mainly on the Banach contraction principle. Since this idea first appeared, it has gained a lot of attention and there has been a lot of development in this field. In this paper, the concept of generalized Kannan-type() mapping is presented in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space(IFM space), and the  theory is proven. The results contain extensions of  theory in IFM-space which include the Caccioppoli  theorem. Additionally, an  instance is provided to illustrate the practi

Noise reduction is a significant field that appears in many aspects of life. There are many methods for speech noise reduction, especially for stationary noise. This paper talks about a new way to lower speech noise that combines the Log-MMSE (Logarithmic Minimum Mean Square Error) algorithm, which is used to improve speech signals that have been messed up by noise, with an adaptive Wiener filter with a decision-directed (DD) approach. This filter lowers musical noise and predicts the time-varying noise spectrum, which results in a better signal-to-noise ratio. The frame delay issue resulting from DD was resolved by utilizing the Two-Step Noise Reduction (TSNR) technique to reconstruct the harmonic structure of the voice signal that was

Brain tumors pose a significant global health concern, imposing substantial social and economic burdens. Accurate classification of tumor types (gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary tumors) from MRI data is essential for aiding radiologists and avoiding invasive biopsies. This paper presents a new method for brain tumor classification that has excellent accuracy when compared with existing methods. The proposed method provides improvements for feature extraction and classification. This new method comprises MRI image preprocessing, feature extraction, and image classification. Preprocessing includes resizing and data augmentation. Following this, features are extracted from MRI images using a mixed transform approach involving a mix of me

The deepfake videos were spread in the last few years and were created by different deepfake techniques (i.e., faceswap, face2face, etc.). These techniques have a terrible impact on society and would give anyone a chance to create videos with fake faces. The objective of this paper was to develop a model that detects deepfake videos to reduce their negative impact. Two hybrid models of machine learning and deep learning were proposed. The first model used a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction and different machine learning classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), logistic regression, and naive bayes (NB)). In contrast, the second model used a transf

 Let A be a 2- torsion free prime Γ- ring, and L be a square closed Lie ideal of A i.e. xβx∈L for all x∈L and β∈Γ, suppose that  μ is an endomorphism of A, and  f  is a right μ- centralizer which is not the identity map on L, satisfying f([x, b]_γ )=〖∓[x,b]〗_γ ( or f(xδr)=∓xδr)  for all x,b∈L , γ∈Γ, then L⊆Z(A).

Media platforms have become essential for staying informed about events and activities around the globe. While there has been research on identifying news in English, detecting it in Arabic has been relatively overlooked. The unique linguistic characteristics and diverse slang expressions in Arabic have contributed to a scarcity of studies in this area. This research examines the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms in identifying fake news, specifically in the Arabic language. In this study, Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe) were used to capture the semantic relationships between words in order to improve the performance of the models. Furthermore, the utilization of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM

The purpose  of this study is to present  a new concepts on a module M over a ring, these concepts is called R*-small sub module, R*-hollow module which present generalizations of the small submodule and hollow module, respectively. Key characteristics of these concepts such as the image and direct sum of R*-small sub module, R*-hollow module are R*-small submodule, R*-hollow submodule,  respectively.

Voice encryption is crucial to protecting data during transmission and storage due to the widespread problem of document fabrication and forgery. Various methods have been used to protect important data, including encryption. Voice data encryption is a way to encrypt important messages within transmissions. Therefore, it needs a strong and efficient encryption algorithm, using the standard encryption algorithm known as Rijndeal. This method is reliable, secure and efficient, because the Rijndael algorithm is characterized by its key lengths and blocks of different sizes. The Rijndael algorithm is a method of decrypting audio files, making it a powerful tool for protecting sensitive information. This paper presents a method for encoding W

The current work aims to study the effect of an inclined magnetohydro dynamics peristaltic transport of a non-Newtonian hyperbolic tangent fluid in a non-uniform channel via porous medium. The nonlinear governing equations regarding hyperbolic tangent fluid have been studied and solved analytically with the use of a regular perturbation approach under considerations of a long wavelength as well as low Reynolds number. All computational results are also discussed graphically using the MATHEMATICA program. The mathematical expressions for axial velocity and stream functions have been derived analytically. Different physical parameters have been shown graphically and discussed  it's effect. It is established that increasing the Hartmann nu

In this paper, we modify an SEIVR model concerning COVID-19 from the first-order system into a multi-fractional order system of differential equations. We also find an approximate solution by using the Sumudu Adomian decomposition method. Furthermore, we try to give qualitative results rather than qualitative results. Numerical simulation is given through a table and graphs which show the efficiency of the method.

Antibiotic resistance is a significant problem for which new treatments are required. There is growing concern about Fosfomycin resistance in Escherichia coli; understanding this resistance will help develop effective treatment strategies and preserve the efficacy of antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of Eugenol and Fosfomycin against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their possible potential as co-treatment. This study identified and isolated UPEC isolates from urine samples, with 63.6% being identified as UPEC. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 99.3% of the UPEC isolates were resistant to multiple types of antibiotics [multidrug-resistant (MDR)]. The study examined t

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that primarily breaks down hyaluronic acid, thereby disrupting the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) found in connective tissues, which is considered a virulence factor. Peganum is a genus of plants in the family Nitrariaceae that contains a number of alkaloids, including harmaline and harmine, which have been used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a plant-active compound (peganin) isolated from a plant sample as an inhibitor of hyaluronidase. In total, 120 samples were randomly isolated from infected burns. Isolates with highly hydrolyzed zones were identified. The Turbidity Reduction Assay was used to assess cell growth and hyaluronidase activity spect

     Short-range effects on C2, C3, as well as C4 form factors in the ²⁶Mg nucleus, were examined. The charge density distribution in this nucleus was also tested by means of one and two body fragments of cluster enlargement in cooperation with single-particle wave functions of harmonic potential. The correlation of Jastrow form was employed to inset the influence of short-range into the two body fragment of cluster enlargement. The nucleus of ²⁶Mg was assumed to own a ¹⁶O-core with (A-16) nucleons dispersed over the sd-model space. The form factors in ²⁶Mg nucleus ascend from the core-polarization and model space involvements. The form of Tassie model, subject to the charge densit

     We define and investigate Z- essential submodules as a generalization of essential submodules. Various characterizations and properties of Z-essential submodules are given. Moreover we introduce the concepts of Z-singular submodule and Z-closed submodules.

     This work aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic fungi and evaluate the antifungal activity of Trichoderma orientale FMR12486 crude extract against pathogenic fungi isolated from patients attending the National Center for Thoracic and Respiratory Diseases (having a history of tuberculosis) and consultant of Dermatology of Baghdad hospital, Iraq. A total of 80 clinical specimens were collected: 20 skin scrapings specimens and 60 sputum specimens. The results of direct examination by KOH 10% and culture showed that 11 (55%) cases from 20 skin specimens were positive for fungal infections, while in the sputum specimens, 28 (47%) cases from 60 were positive. Candida albicans represented the most common