The primary objective of this work pertains to the examination of a new class of grill topological spaces denominated as AE-space. This nomenclature is rooted in the delineation of said spaces upon a non-empty set, upon which a myriad of topological structures is imposed via an arbitrary grill. The construction of these grill topologies precedes the establishment of our nascent topological construct through the intersection of these individualized topologies. In this discourse, we introduce and rigorously define the notions of AE-open sets and AE-closed sets. Furthermore, we establish the result that the AE-space exhibits the fundamental attributes of a topological space, assuming the absence of pairwise disjoint non-empty sets within th

A series of novel spiro azetidine and thioazetidine scaffolds incorporating an isatin subunit were successfully synthesized. The protocol involved reacting Schiff base derivatives of 7-chloroisatin with phenyl isocyanate or phenyl thioisocyanate. The new derivatives were obtained in excellent yield and characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, HNMR and ¹³CNMR. Furthermore, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations were performed to assess the bioactivity of prepared compounds as antioxidants. The in-silico analysis encompassed the evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for all compounds, revealing favorable characteristics. Subsequently, molecular dockin

Laser scanning and photogrammetry are two revolutionary technologies garnering an increasing interest in various engineering and construction fields. These technologies offer outstanding benefits, including non-contact remote sensing activities and highly automated and effective large-scale sampling capability that attracts more attention. New developments in remote sensing standalone methods, including range-based and image-based modeling (e.g., Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Structure from Motion- Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry), produce 3D geometrically and physical data that is more exhaustive, precise, and accurate than ever. However, neither standalone technique can offer higher-quality results than the other due to sensor limita

The main goal of this work is to obtain new geometric properties for meromorphic multivalent functions in the punctured disk 〖 (UD)〗^*=UD\{0}={z:z∈C and 0< |z|<1}, so we presented a new class〖 J〗_(c,p)^(ζ,a) (β,δ,б)  by using Hadamard product. In this paper we obtained many important properties such as coefficient estimates, radius of convexity, distortion theorem, convex combination and closure theorem. In addition, we derived the integral transforms and Hadamard product for functions belonging to the class 〖 J〗_(c,p)^(ζ,a) (β,δ,б).

Specific somatic mutations in any of the three genes—JAK2, CALR, or MPL—are frequently found in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which include polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The rs2736100 in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) increases the risk of MPN disease in Iraqi subjects. This research attempted to investigate the prevalence of TERT rs2736100 and JAK2V617F in Iraqi patients with MPN and normal population. According to the collected data, significant correlation was indicated between the allele T of TERT rs2736100 and the prevalence of MPN (OR =3.3108, 95% CI =1.3828 to 7.9269, P =0.0072). Additionally, we have observed that the allele T of TERT rs27361

The segmentation of aerial images using different clustering techniques offers valuable insights into interpreting and analyzing such images. By partitioning the images into meaningful regions, clustering techniques help identify and differentiate various objects and areas of interest, facilitating various applications, including urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster management. This paper aims to segment color aerial images to provide a means of organizing and understanding the visual information contained within the image for various applications and research purposes. It is also important to look into and compare the basic workings of three popular clustering algorithms: K-Medoids, Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM), and Gaussian Mix

     Globally, breast cancer is the common malignancy affecting women and understanding its associated molecular events could help in disease prevention and management strategies. The present study was set to investigate an association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms with breast cancer. For this purpose, 100 subjects were participated in this work, including 50 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from Oncology hospital, Baghdad - Iraq and 50 healthy women as a control group. The concentration of antioxidants was measured in the serums collected from blood samples of breast cancer patients and healthy controls. While eNOS SNPs (rs1

        An R-module M is called a polyform module if every essential submodule of M is rational. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new concept of modules named fully polyform modules. This kind of module is contained in the class of polyform modules. We study in detail fully polyform modules, so several properties of this concept are investigated. Other characterizations and partial characterisations (i.e., satisfied by certain conditions) of the definition of fully polyform module analogous to those known in the concept of a polyform module are given and discussed. For instance, we proved that a module M is a fully polyform module if and only if  M)=0 for each P-essential submodule N of M and for each V≤M with

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease on the rise in different regions of Iraq, especially in areas with poor hygiene and among refugee populations. The effectiveness of existing chemotherapy for leishmaniasis is constrained by its high toxicity, cost, and the development of drug resistance. The current research examined various concentrations (ranging from 125 to 1000 μM) of lupeol to evaluate its ability to boost the generation of nitric oxide, which has anti-leishmanial properties, in an ex-vivo macrophage model. Griess assay was used to detect the nitric oxide (NO) production in Leishmania donovani infected U937 cell-line macrophages along 24 and 48 hours post treated. The nitric oxide conc

     The Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oilfield is a prolific carbonate reservoir with significant hydrocarbon production. However, the role of natural fractures in enhancing reservoir characteristics remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize and identify naturally occurring fractures within the Mishrif Formation using a multi-methodological approach integrating core and thin section analysis, borehole image logs, and conventional well logs. Results indicate different types of natural fractures, such as open, filled, vuggy, and propped fractures. The open type dominates the field; thus, the potential for oil production from this formation is high. Fracture orientation analysis revealed that the N-W and S-E directi

Dermatophytes are the primary etiological agents responsible for superficial fungal infections worldwide. The current study, undertaken in Baghdad, Iraq, aimed to diagnose dermatophyte species by targeting the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region and employing phylogenetic analysis techniques. A total of 104 specimens from hair, nails, and skin scrapings of patients were examined microscopically and cultured on a specific medium SDA with addition of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. PCR with ITS1 and ITS4 primers was employed for further characterization of dermatophytes. According to results, tinea corporis was the predominant infection (51.9%), and tinea cruris (18.2%). Molecular results revealed that T. indotineae (24%)

This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in children residing in Kirkuk, Iraq. DNA was extracted from 64 stool samples that had tested positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts via microscopic examination. The extracted DNA was then analyzed using 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of parasite in rural community (65.6%) compared to urban community (14.17%). Whereas, non-significant differences were observed in the rate of  infectivity in male (50%) as compared to (29.7%) in female. The results also revealed significant differences between infectivity rate and age groups (P=0.004). In contrast, the use of the PCR sy

     Along the Tigris River is the study area between Baghdad and Kut cities using ten water samples, the current study assesses the pollution caused by heavy metals in water (two samples from drainage water and Eight samples from surface water the water collected from the shore by skimming the surface) on the 4th of November 2023. The heavy element analysis of the study area's water samples revealed that the water had been polluted with high concentrations of these elements (Pb and Cd). The amounts of heavy metals increased as the river flowed southward. This is related to the reduction in the water level of the Tigris River and the frequent discharge of various pollutants, which have led to an increase in pollution. Organic, and th

Stumpff functions are an infinite series that depends on the value of z. This value results from multiplying the reciprocal semi-major axis with a universal anomaly. The purpose from those functions is to calculate the variation of the universal parameter (variable) using Kepler's equation for different orbits. In this paper, each range for the reciprocal of the semi-major axis, universal anomaly, and z is calculated in order to study the behavior of Stumpff functions C(z) and S(z). The results showed that when z grew, Stumpff functions for hyperbola, parabola, and elliptical orbits were also growing. They intersected and had a tendency towards zero for both hyperbola and parabola orbits, but for elliptical orbits, Stumpff functions exhi

This study was carried out to study the ability of producing bioethanol from latus leaves as an organic waste rich with cellulose. The study results show that the pre-treatments (alkali and acidic pre-treatments) increase the amount of the sugar released in the media that is accessible for the bacteria to use in the fermentation. The newly recorded bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca (SAR) was able to ferment the latus leaves and produce bioethanol. The amount of ethanol produced by the bacteria was increased as the experiment period increased, until the seventh day when it began to decrease. In order to increase the purity of the acquired bioethanol, the resulted ethanol was distilled to reduce the water content in the solution, while

This study introduces a series of novel cyclic imides, which incorporate two biologically significant components - the thiazole ring and sulfonamide. These target imides were developed using a method of multistep synthesis. The chosen starting material was the compound sulfamethoxazole, which is known to contain a biologically active sulfonamide. In the first step, sulfamethoxazole was reacted with chloroacetyl chloride, yielding compound [1] (4-N-(2-chloro acetamido) sulfamethoxazole) followed by reaction of compound [1] with thiourea provided a cure [2]. (4-(sulfamethoxazole-].4-y1)-2-aminothiazole) was obtained. Compound [2] played a major role and was successfully included in the third stage of the reaction with various cyclic anhydr

     The majority of the roads in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) are mountainous, with steep ascending and descending slopes and acute curves. Therefore, the road cuts on both sides of the roads usually suffer from slope stability problems exhibiting different types of slope failures. One of the easiest methods to assess the stability of road cuts is the Bejerman Method. It is a field method based on 10 different attributes, which can be measured and/ or estimated directly in the field. The studied area is located in the High Folded Zone, which is a part of the Unstable Shelf and occupies the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate, and is characterized by different types of mass movements; like landslides and toppling, as well as

The purpose of this research is to examine the variation in star formation rate for two types of active galaxy models. It also aims to study the relationship between supermassive black holes (SMBH) and the star formation rate (SFR) for 29 samples of active galaxies. These objects have been classified into two types: 19 samples of the Quasar and 10 samples of the Seyferts. These galaxies have been selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), at different time intervals, and they have been monitored twice or more times during a period of approximately 10 years. The results in this article show that the value of the standard deviation star formation rate variability with respect to SMBH in QSO is higher than the standard deviation sta

Fifty blood samples were collected from minibus drivers aged 18-50 years a minimum driving experience of 2 years. The control group involved fifty age matched men who lived in other areas in Baghdad. The results illustrated that the level of both superoxide dismutase and glutathione enzymes were significantly decreased in the drivers group (9.87 ±0.32 µg/ml and 17.73 ±0.41 mg/ml respectively) as compared to the control group (38.00 ±1.78 µg/ml and64.92 ±2.04 mg/ml respectively). The level of catalase enzyme showed a highly significant increase in the drivers group (327.76 ±11.77 µg/ml) as compared to the control group (93.98 ±2.67 µg/ml). The results also showed a highly significant increase in the level of serum tumor n

Tracing is an essential process in geomatics (i.e., surveying) for different applications. It involves determining the positions of points from different measurements utilizing suitable techniques. Since the smartphone is a modern technology that can determine positions, assessing their results in traversing is necessary. For this purpose, the positions of 16 points in a closed traverse were collected with six different sets of measurements (five sets with smartphone devices and a standard set with traditional techniques). The smartphone devices are dual-frequency Samsung S22, and the other four are single-frequency, consisting of the iPhone 11, Xiaomi Note 8, the iPhone XS max, and the iPhone XS with Android application. The derived dis

Early diagnosis of liver disease is extremely challenging because it lacks recognizable symptoms. When liver disorders are identified early, patients can start treatment before it’s too late, perhaps saving their lives. It is imperative to propose a preprogramming diagnosis model to avoid misdiagnoses or delayed diagnoses. This article aims to give a comparative analysis of probabilistic and ensemble learning, both of which have demonstrated efficacy in resolving real-world problems. There are four methods used in total: two probabilistic and two ensemble learning. A substantial liver dataset is employed, containing the records of 30691 individuals, 21917 of whom have liver disease and 8774 of whom do not. First, enough features are di

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes have gained particular interest as a material for gas sensors because of their vertical arrays, prepared by the anodization procedure. The presence of several oxygen vacancies in these nanotubes facilitates gas diffusion and provides additional active sites. This study examined the impact of voltages on the process of depositing iron nanoparticles onto arrays of TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) for use as a gas sensor. The TNTs are manufactured using a straightforward and economical electrochemical anodization technique, specifically for gas sensor applications. By varying the deposition voltage (2-6 volts), ordered Fe-TNTs were efficiently manufactured using a simple two-step electrochemical

     Dissolving cavities in a water-holding rock (karst aquifer) are tied to how water is stored and released. However, cavity development by allogenic water is rarely studied. This research was intended to analyze the dynamic development of dissolution cavities in tropical karst areas influenced by allogenic recharge, using Beton Spring as an example. These dynamics were determined from water corrosiveness or aggressiveness based on the calcium carbonate saturation index, dissolution rate, and cavity development rate according to wall retreats. We found that water becomes more corrosive at the start of the rainy season due to the piston effect. The dissolution rate in the Karst Drainage Basin of Beton (Beton KDB) was estimated at 33

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most highly prevalent type of skin cancer in the world, where BCC incidence has increased significantly in the last few years. There were many components of the immune system that were reported to play a remarkable role in BCC appearance and development. Among them, three specific clusters of differentiation (CD) biomarkers (CD25, CD68 and CD10, also termed as MME) were studied as prognostic markers with increased levels in the sera of immune-related cancers. The current investigation aimed to evaluate the levels of these biomarkers in the sera of 33 patients who have BCC  compared with 55 healthy individuals (control). The results demonstrated significantly increased levels of CD25, CD68 and CD10/MME i

In this work, new conductive polymer (4900 µs.cm-1) poly 6-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamoyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (PSCC) was prepared on a Low Carbon Steel (L.C.S) surface by an electrochemical polymerization process for its monomer 6-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamoyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (SCC) to study  the effect of this polymer against corrosion of the L.C.S  in salt environment (3.5% wt NaCl) at four temperatures; 25, 35, 45, and 55 ^oC. Two types of nanometal oxides, ZrO₂ and ZnO, were applied as additives to the polymer (PSCC) to enhance the ability of this polymer on corrosion protection L.C.S alloy. Potentiostatic polarization tests evaluated the corrosion performance of the coatings. Atomi

This study involves the synthesis of eight α,β-unsaturated ester compounds, obtained from 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles 3-10 by a two-step reaction. The first step included S-allylation of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (1) with allyl bromide to furnish 2-(allylthio)benzo[d]oxazole (2) in a good yield (71%). The second step involved a cross-metathesis reaction of compound 2 with acrylate esters, which afforded the title products 3-10 in yields between 70 and 86%. The structure of the prepared compounds (2-10) was confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.

Coronavirus is an RNA (Ribonucleic acid) virus in the coronaviridian family that causes zoonotic and infectious diseases transmitted between animals and evolved between humans. This class of pathogens is responsible for respiratory diseases. Coronavirus refers to the crown-like protrusions on the outside surface of the virus. Corona is an infection that causes breathing difficulties in humans. In epidemics, symptomatic techniques based on graphic design are essential for examining the causes of influence, which leads to better results than primary radioscopy mechanisms for identifying and diagnosing COVID-19 cases. The urgent need to employ artificial intelligence in disease detection arose from this standpoint. In this paper, a system i

Assume that R is any ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. This work introduces the Rad_J-Supplemented module with respect to the fully invariant submodule it is denoted by (FI-Rad_J-Supplemented) and ⨁-Rad_J-Supplemented modules with respect to the fully invariant submodule (denoted by FI-⨁-Rad_J-Supplemented modules). As well as the main features of these modules in this work, and various properties of these modules. Also, we defined weakly FI-Rad_J-Supplemented modules as an extension of  the FI-Rad_J-supplemented modules and we explain the relationship between them using notes and examples.

Recently, advancements in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for enhancing healthcare outcomes by leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterial. Scientists have previously developed complexes of bacteriocins with nanomaterials or bacteriocin-nanoconjugates for diverse biomedical applications that utilize bacteriocins. The usage of bacteriocin–nanoconjugates has several benefits, including enhanced stability over extended use, defense against proteolytic enzyme degradation, and synergistic efficacy. The requirement to provide new antibiotic alternatives is becoming more pressing in this regard. Because of their special qualities, metal oxide nanomaterials are currently attracting a lot of attention as possible antimicrobial an

High-resolution imaging of celestial bodies, especially the sun, is essential for understanding dynamic phenomena and surface details. However, the Earth's atmospheric turbulence distorts the incoming light wavefront, which poses a challenge for accurate solar imaging. Solar granulation, the formation of granules and intergranular lanes on the sun's surface, is important for studying solar activity. This paper investigates the impact of atmospheric turbulence-induced wavefront distortions on solar granule imaging and evaluates, both visually and statistically, the effectiveness of Zonal Adaptive Optics (AO) systems in correcting these distortions. Utilizing cellular automata for granulation modelling and Zonal AO correction methods, the