Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder associated with a chronic inflammatory process that can impact the joints as well as non-articular organs such as the heart, kidney, lung, digestive tract, eye, skin, and neurological system. This study was conducted at Private Nursing Hospital and Al Kadhimiya Educational Hospital, where blood samples were collected from 122 Iraqi women; seventy-fiveof them were apparently healthy controls whileforty-sevenwere patients who had long-standing RA. B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) and interleukin-35(IL-35)wereevaluated utilizing an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Also, total cholesterol, triglyceride, andHigh-density lipoprotein(HDL)were determined using an enzymatic colorimetric method.

Twenty-four water samples were collected from the Tigris River inside Baghdad city and close to the sewage pipes for the winter seasons in October 2022 and the summer seasons in May 2023 to assess the pollution of the Tigris River water. The study included analyzing the physical and chemical properties and studying the concentrations of some heavy elements (iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, cadmium, and lead). Tigris River samples are characterized during the winter as light alkaline, fresh water, highly mineralized and sodium sulphate type. Water samples during the summer are characterized by light alkalinity, fresh water, high mineralization, and calcium chloride type. River water evaluated for irrigation purposes showed

Adenosine deaminase (ADA), also referred to as adenosine aminohydrolase, is a key enzyme that plays a crucial role in purine metabolism. AMP-aminohydrolase, also known as AMP deaminase (AMPDA), facilitates the conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into inosine monophosphate (IMP). Cigarettes primarily consist of various substances. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cigarettes smoking on serum and saliva ADA and AMPDA activities, exploring the diagnostic potential of these enzymes in smoking- related diseases. Two hundred twenty subjects were enrolled, including 100 healthy smokers and 120 healthy non-smokers with measurement being made of serum and saliva ADA and AMPDA activities as well as complete blood count (CBC)

This study utilized low-cost agricultural waste (molasses production waste powder) to extract copper ions from aqueous solutions. The present investigation explored a range of factors that influence the adsorption process, including temperature, pH, ionic strength, contact time, quantity of adsorbent, and particle size. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to determine the solution's absorbance both before and after the adsorption procedure. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to match the equilibrium data. The Freundlich model was determined to be the best isotherm model using the linear regression coefficient R²=0.9868. Thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, were cal

 In organic chemistry the prefix oxo indicates a double bond between an oxygen atom and carbon atom. The oxo group is present in ketons, estern, carboxilic acids, aldehydes and amids. Topological indices are numerical quantities associated with the molecular graphs. Some of the molecular descriptors have proven their ability in predicting physico-chemical properties certain chemical compounds. In this paper structure boiling point relationships are studied for series of oxo organic compounds by ten molecular descriptors. The QSPR modelling for the oxo organic compounds are presented by the means of linear, quadratic, logarithmic and multilinear analysis. The multilinear analysis model produces a correlation coefficient(r) =0.954 and sta

Novel oxopyrimidine (3,7) and pyrazole (4,8) compounds bearing an azo group were successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR, ¹HNMR, and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy. The diazonium salt was first synthesized by reacting p-amino acetophenone with nitrous acid. This salt was added to activated aromatic rings (o-nitro phenol, β-naphthol) to produce azo compounds (1,5). Following the reaction of these azo compounds with salicylaldehyde, chalcone derivatives (2,6) were produced. Subsequently, these synthetic compounds were cyclized to create pyrazole derivatives (4,8) and oxopyrimidine (3,7

      Currently, Machine learning is an advanced algorithm that yielding accurate classifications or predictions for huge samples sizes. The fat index data is asymmetric and has a right skew so this creates problem when using statistical techniques. For such data, there is still a lot of performance that needs to be improved when comparing statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms. This paper aimed to compare the traditional statistical methods represented by Linear, penalized linear such as Ridge and Lasso regression and machine learning models represented by convolutional neural network for their prediction performance through simulation experiments and real data of fat index. A total of 252 records were used. The pre

     In this study, nanoparticles of metal oxides (CoO, NiO, and TiO₂) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into paraffin wax, serving as a matrix, to create nanocomposites. The resulting materials, [TiO₂; CoO/paraffin] and [TiO₂; NiO/paraffin], were prepared using ultrasonic techniques. The morphology, size, and structures of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformer infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectro

     Rice, an important food crop, is often faced with widespread and highly contagious diseases that have posed significant threats to agricultural development. However, traditional rice disease identification methods, which rely on the subjective visual examination of experts, hinder timely disease prevention. The advancements in computer vision and deep learning techniques have been key in improving crop disease diagnosis and recognition. This paper suggests a new approach for classifying rice leaf diseases, first via enhancing the input rice plant image through the conversion and extraction techniques. Secondly, by employing the multiple Vision Transformers (ViTs) method, which adopts and dedicates one ViT per type of disease, th

To study the role of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Diospyros kaki fruits extracts, active
compounds were detected. The first extract contained glycoside, tannines, alkaloids,
saponines, terpines, steroides, flavones and coumarins, while the second extract
contained phenolics and resins in addition to the compounds mentioned above with
an exception of alkaloids and coumarins.
The inhibition effect of the extracts on the chromosomal aberration resulted from
sodium sulfate as mutagenic agent in human lymphocyte cells (In vitro) was evaluated at concentrations of 10, 15, 25, 50, 100 mcg/ml. Results showed
increasing in inhibition of the extracts on chromosomal aberration with the increase
of the concentration

The study is carried out for selected areas in the Western Desert of Iraq that are
characterized by the occurrence of iron and kaolin mineral deposits .The study aims
to create active and suitable images to detect the mineral deposits depending on the
digital image processing for satellite images using ERDAS-9 and ARC GIS 9.1
software. The study deals with ETM+ images to create image-fusion that were
processed to identify the spectral response of each of Iron and kaolin in the selected
areas. As well as available data of geological field survey were used to prepare the information layers associated with the attribute tables of the wells and quarries. The
results show good agreement between remote sensin

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the termite Microcerotermes
diversus (Silvestri) on the productivity of some date palm cultivars in 5 governorates
of Iraq: Babylon, Waset, Kerbela, Qadesyia and Basrah. It was found that the
percentages of infestation in general for the following cultivars: 32.6% for Hellawy,
for Zehdy was 29.5% and then infestation decreased gradually within cultivars and
lowest percentage was 6.1% for Berhy, The percentages of infestation for
governorates level were the highest in Waset for Zehdy was 45.5% and lowest for
Berhy, was 6.1% in Basrah. This confirms that Zehdy was more susceptible than
other cultivars for infestation by termite M. diversus, many fact

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of slow-response observations
taken over the centre of Baghdad city (Bab Al-Mhadham area). Measurements were
taken at two levels: 15 and 20 m and then wind speed profiles were derived
according to atmospheric stability indicated by Richardson number in the lower part
of planetary boundary layer. These profiles were constructed by logarithmic and
power-exponent laws after checking estimated winds at the same heights by these
laws with those observed. The estimated values of wind at these levels were in good
agreement with observed values. Mean wind profiles calculated from both laws have
logarithmic behavior especially in neutral conditions. They have the

The aim of this study is to evaluate the seasonal variations of Mosul dam lake by measuring the temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) during the period from July 2018 to April 2019. Twenty two sites were selected within the studied lake. The obtained results were integrated with the geographical information system (GIS) using spatial images to create maps utilizing Arc map software. These maps were used to demonstrate the concentrations of the investigated parameters during the study period. The results show that all parameters were within the accepted levels, indicating the good status of the lake.

The research work was conducted to investigate the effect of oral administration
of water extract of black pepper at doses of (1, 5) mg/kg body weight for two weeks
daily by determining the genotoxic effect (mitotic index), evaluation of
immunological effect (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4) and measuring fertility hormones
(follicles stimulation hormone/FSH, lutenising hormone/LH) levels with
histopathological examinations of female albino swiss mice ovaries in comparison
with control (normal saline). A clear effect in increasing mitotic activity was reveled
for both doses in comparison with control. Results also showed a significant
increase in the value of the all immunological parameters at both doses in

The capacity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of Dianthus was studied on two
cell lines, which were: many adino carcinoma (AMN3) and normal cell line of Rat
embryo fibroblast (REF) in vitro and the effect was evaluated of these extracts
It was found that the crude extract of Dinthus contained resins, saponins,
flavonoides, comarins and phenols. Aqueous and alcoholic extract of Dianthus
showed a high inhibition activity on cancer cell lines in all concentrations used and
the effects of Dianthus appeared after 48 hours. From being exposed on the cell in
concentration of 1000 mg/ml.
The highest inhibition result in AMN3 cells were 58.3, 66.7% for both extracts
aqueous and alcoholic and the inhibi

Groundwater is considered as one of the most important sources of fresh-water, on which many regions around the world depend, especially in semi-arid and arid regions. Protecting and maintaining groundwater is a difficult process, but it is very important to maintain an important source of water. The current study aims to assess the susceptibility of groundwater to pollution using the DRASTIC model along with the GIS environments and its tool boxes. A vulnerability map was created by relying on data collected from 55 wells surveyed by the researchers as well as archived records from governmental institutions and some international organizations. The results indicate that the region falls into three vulnerability functional zones , namely

     The present study was carried out onAl-Saqlawiya poultry farm's soil (Anbar, Iraq) for the period of 8 months (November 2018- June 2019). A total of 75 samples of poultry droppings were collectedrandomly. 552 individuals of mite,belonging to 3 orders and 8 families representing 15 species, were found. These species were: Acarus gracilis,  Acarus siro, Caloglyphus berlesi, Androlaelaps casalis, Sejus temperaticus, Parasitus paraconsanguineus, Eugamasus butleri, Macrocheles medarius, Macrocheles glaber, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, Macrocheles matrius, Kleemannia plumosus, Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus malaccensis, and Pyemotes herfsi.

The highest population density belonged to order

     This study focused on the soil  of the Al-Khassa Sub Basin,  thirty-four soil samples were collected from different areas of land use and differences in human activity.

 Physicochemical properties of the soil were examined Hydrogen Potential (pH), Organic Matter (O.M), Loss Of  Ignition (L.O.I), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Total Hydrocarbon (THC).

  Hydrogen Potential (pH)  showed that the soil is alkaline above seven with  a mean 7.98.

Organic Matter (O.M) of the study area with a mean  1.28 % and high value found in Agricultural areas.Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)  with a mean  42.64  (cmol/kg) that is proportional to the granular size of the soil that silty c

E-learning has recently become of great importance, especially after the emergence of the Corona pandemic, but e-learning has many disadvantages. In order to preserve education, some universities have resorted to using blended learning. Currently, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq has adopted e-learning in universities and schools, especially in scientific disciplines that need laboratories and a spatial presence. In this work, we collected a dataset based on 27 features and presented a model utilizing a support vector machine with regression that was enhanced with the KNN method, which identifies factors that have a substantial influence on the model for the type of education, whether blended or traditiona

Stemming is a pre-processing step in Text mining applications as well as it is very important in most of the Information Retrieval systems. The goal of stemming is to reduce different grammatical forms of a word and sometimes derivationally related forms of a word to a common base (root or stem) form like reducing noun, adjective, verb, adverb etc. to its base form. The stem needs not to be identical to the morphological root of the word; it is usually sufficient that related words map to the same stem, even if this stem is not in itself a valid root. As in other languages; there is a need for an effective stemming algorithm for the indexing and retrieval of Arabic documents while the Arabic stemming algorithms are not widely available.

The researchers have tried to focus on how to determine the number of pipes that are present in one obtained hyperbola in radargram profile. Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) survey was performed to distinguish between two zero-spaced iron pipes in radargram. The field work was carried out by constructing artificial rectangular models with dimensions of length, width, and depth equal to 10.0, 1.0, 0.65 meter respectively that filled with dry clastic mixture deposit, three twin sets of air filled iron pipes of 15.24 cm (6 inch) diameter were buried horizontally and vertically inside the mixture at different distances together. Visual and Numerical interpretation were chosen to get the best results. In the visual interpretation, the amplitude

Establishing coverage of the target sensing field and extending the network’s lifetime, together known as Coverage-lifetime is the key issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Recent studies realize the important role of nature-inspired algorithms in handling coverage-lifetime problem with different optimization aspects. One of the main formulations is to define coverage-lifetime problem as a disjoint set covers problem. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary algorithm for solving coverage-lifetime problem as a disjoint set covers function. The main interest in this paper is to reflect both models of sensing: Boolean and probabilistic. Moreover, a heuristic operator is proposed as a local refinement operator to improve the quality

Groundwater recharge estimation is essential for management of groundwater systems.  As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in the study area (Karbala - Najaf plateau), ‎where the Dibdibba aquifer represents the primary and essential aquifer, evaluation of groundwater recharge is critical in the study area. A wide range of methodologies exists for estimating recharge.‎ ‎The water-table fluctuation method strategy might be the most generally utilized system for estimating recharge; it requires learning of changes in water levels over time and specific yield. Advantages of this approach include its simplicity and an insensitivity to the mechanism by which water moves through the unsatu

The aim of this research is to measure the changes of Iraqi Marshland's area as well as the changes in the spectral reflectivity water quality, analyzing seasonal difference in AL-Hawizah marshes, South of Iraq using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. For this paper, the samples were taken at 10 sites along the study area. Satellite images of the 8 Landsat on 20/5/2017, 8/8/2017, 11/10/2017 and 14/12/2017 have been selected in order to study the seasonal changes on the marshes took place during 2017. The reflectance values of red, green, blue and near infrared bands showed that are significantly associated with a seasonal factor. All bands show that reflectivity of the marsh has been affected by locationa

Determination of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Levels In Pneumonia Patients

The aim of this work is to determine the uranium concentration in soil samples
taken from the north, south, east, west and center of the city of Baghdad and
measure its impact on the rate of cell division for non-smokers peoples and living in
those areas and that between the ages 25-30 year.
The uranium concentration in the samples determined by using CR-39 track
detector . As calculated for the ten samples of each site when irradiated by thermal
neutrons from the (Am - Be) source with flux (5x 103 n S-1cm-2), the concentration
values were calculated by a comparison with standard geological samples. The
results indicate that the extent of the concentration of uranium in the soil north and
east of Baghdad was 12

Determination of Optimal Temperature and pH for Radial Growth of Some
Dermatophyte Species Isolated from Leukemia Patients

One of the major environmental problems is the pollution of water and soilsby toxic
heavy metals.The aim of current study was estimatation the ability of Eclipta alba
plant for the removal of (Pb) from the polluted water by phytoremedation technique
and study the effect of a number of parameters(Pb concentration, contact time and
pHvalues). The plant showed higher removal efficiency (99.2%) after 7 days of
treatment at 50ppm.The best removal efficiency of Pb 98.95% at 100ppm was
occurred at pH7. The root ability to accumulate Pb was more than the shoot ability,
after 7 days treatment of water and pH=7, they were 2852.5 mg/kg, 2497.5 mg/kg
and 502.5 mg/kg in roots, stems and leaves respectively. These results showe

In this paper Hermite interpolation method is used for solving linear and non-linear second order singular multi point boundary value problems with nonlocal condition. The approximate solution is found in the form of a rapidly convergent polynomial. We discuss behavior of the solution in the neighborhood of the singularity point which appears to perform satisfactorily for singular problems. The examples to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the method have been given.