In this study, we introduce a new application to a spectral approach for solving two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Zakhrov-Kuznetsov equations (TFZKEs) with initial conditions (ICs) and boundary conditions (BCs). When the regular magnetic domain is present, this equation represents a model that illustrates the conduct of weakly nonlinear ionic phonetic waves in a plasma that provides cool ions and an electronically isothermal environment. The fundamental qualifiers of fractional derivatives are characterized in the Caputo concept. We propose a new numerical approach that relies on shifted Chebyshev polynomials (SCPs) as test functions and uniformly grid points for time and space. In the field of fractional calculus, we have to introdu

Ethyl acetate was used to extract bioactive compounds from the fruits of the Iraqi sumac plant Rhus coriaria. This sumac fruit extract was then utilized as a natural reducing agent to convert graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets through a green synthesis method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the ethyl acetate sumac fruit extract identified phytochemicals that likely facilitated the biosynthesis of the rGO nanosheets. The biosynthesized EERCF-rGO was characterized by using UV-Vis 234 nm. FTIR spectrum was used to know functional groups of EERCF-rGO, XRD spectra of EERCF-rGO displayed sized at 26.91 nm, Raman spectra of EERCF-rGO showed D peak at (1335 cm^-1) and a G peak

COVID-19 is a universal infectious disease recognized first by people with influenza and bacterial pneumonia symptoms in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Currently, a new mutated disease has the same symptoms as COVID-19 and influenza and causes dangerous infections in the body. Due to the fact that these two diseases share some diagnostic features and symptoms in common with one another, healthcare workforces require aid and support in predicting patients' conditions. This was done by using machine learning methods in diagnosis. From this point, this paper proposes a diagnostic model to detect patients' symptoms and classify them into one of five disease groups, utilizing Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) as a feature selection method and the

This study evaluated the corrosion inhibiting properties of natural tannins extracted from gray Avicennia marina bark and Cordia myxa bark for carbon steel alloys. Such alloys are widely used in shipbuilding construction where corrosion poses challenges. Tannin extracts were tested as green inhibitors across varying concentrations in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution, a corrosive medium. Trials were conducted at different temperature parameters to determine the inhibition efficiencies. The amount of hydrogen gas released over time was quantified to compare corrosion rates in the absence and presence of tannin inhibitors. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for adsorption were also studied, as well as the kinetic

The current study aimed to reveal the biosynthesis technique of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles by using prodigiosin pigment production from Serratia marcescens. One hundred and twenty samples were obtained from burn and wound infections to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the optimum conditions for Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles biosynthesis were characterized via different methods, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In particular, spherical shape particles were observed utilizing FE-SEM technique. In addition,

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are frequent in both public and medical settings. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of the SEA and SEB genes in S. aureus clinical isolates. A hundred-sixty samples were obtained from several sources including wounds, urine samples, burns and respiratory tract, during period  between October 2022 - January  2023, from Kadhimiya Hospital, Karkh General Hospital and Yarmouk Hospital. The samples were then subjected to several examinations including microscopic examination (gram staining), cultural characteristics on mannitol salt agar, hemolysis characteristic on blood agar   and biochemical tests (oxidase, catalase, and coagula

         Acute renal injury is a serious condition of severe damage to the kidney tissue resulting from various causes. Some medicinal plants have been used to treat certain renal injury. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the protective effect of Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on kidney function   in rat models with induced kidney damage by Diclofenac sodium (Voltarene®, 50 mg coated tablets). Glycyrrhizic acid was given at doses of 200 and 400  mg/kg/day orally for 30  days. Its protective effect was evaluated by renal function tests . The result showed significant decreased the elevation of urea  , 

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Prolonged high blood glucose can increase production of reactive oxygen species, leading to elevated oxidative stress. The enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1), made in the liver and transported on high-density lipoprotein (HDL), acts as an antioxidant and can counter oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare PON1 activity between healthy controls, obese type 2 diabetics, and non-obese type 2 diabetics. There were 30 healthy controls, 30 obese type 2 diabetics (group I), and 30 non-obese type. Additionally, fasting lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, albumin, and total bilirubin l

This study was conducted to evaluate the bacterial contamination in drinking water tanks from 20 randomly distributed primary schools in Habbaniyah district. The most probable number and the total plate count methods were used to determine the numbers of coliform, fecal coliform, streptococci and fecal streptococci. Chemical and physical properties of the water were measured, including residual chlorine, total dissolved solids, temperature and pH. Biochemical methods were used to detect various bacterial species contaminating the water samples and the results were confirmed using the VITEK 2 compact system. High levels of bacterial contamination were indicated. The highest value of coliform numbers reached 12 cells/100 ml. The total plat

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most prevalent kind of thyroid gland cancer, making up around 80% of all occurrences of thyroid cancer. Evidence shows that Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) expression is lost in a number of benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms, although its expression profile in thyroid gland neoplasms is yet unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess SDC-1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients, as well as the relationship between age and gender and SDC-1 expression. To undertake a detailed investigation of SDC-1 in normal and malignant tissues, tissue sections were used to examine SDC-1 expression in 70 tissue samples, 50 distinct PTC (6 males and 44 females) and 20 normal tissue types (

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between HLA-G gene SNPs in exons 2 and 8 and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Blood samples from 100 patients, categorized into pre- and post-radioactive therapy groups, and 50 healthy subjects were analyzed via PCR and direct sequencing for allele and genotype frequencies. PTC was eight times more prevalent in women. Thyroid assessment hormones exhibited reduced T3 levels pre- and post-radioactive iodine therapy and increased T4 levels post-therapy (49.80 ng/ml vs. control 16.84 ng/ml). Notably, TSH levels significantly decreased before and after therapy in PTC patients versus controls (P = 0.005). HLA-G gene SNPs were linked to PTC risk: in exon 2, genotype AA posed risk (OR = 1

Clustering Organizing items into groups based on their properties such that the items in the same group are similar and those in other groups are distinct is known as clustering and is one method of unsupervised learning. The primary benefit of clustering is that, with little or no prior information, fascinating patterns and structures can be discovered directly from very large data sets. The most representative algorithms, the K-Means algorithm, the nearest neighbor algorithm, and Lloyd's algorithm, were explored and evaluated in this study based on their basic strategies. The proposed algorithms proved highly efficient in classifying data, as k-means results were high by creating data points and classifying that data into 10 groups, wh

This study focused on the eco-friendly and economical synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles at certain temperatures using myrtle leaf extract. Green synthesis methods are mostly considered to be safe and efficient in the nanoparticle synthesis field. The nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, AFM, UV-visible spectrophotometer, FESEM with EDX, and XRD. where the crystal size in XRD was 21.4 nm. The antibacterial properties of CuS nanoparticles were evaluated against two bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using various concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for both bacteria at a range of CuS NPs conc. from 0.5229 × 10

Geophysics is one of the branches of Earth sciences and deals with studying the Earth's interior by studying the variation of physical properties within rock layers. Applied geophysics depends on procedures that involve the measurements of potential fields, such as the gravitational method. One of the significant oil fields in southern Iraq is represented by the Nahr Omar structure. A power spectrum analysis (SPA) technique was used to collect gravity data within the chosen oil field area in order to confirm the salt dome in the subsurface layers. The analysis of SPA resulted from six surfaces representing the gravity variation values of the depths (m)14300, 3780, 3290, 2170, 810, and 93.5. Gravity surfaces have been converted to density

In machine learning, the classification task is about building a model to predict a class of elements based on their attributes and set of examples. This work aims to classify people based on their names. Two models were developed; the former is based on a single feature that is represented by a name. Whereas the latter is built upon nine features derived from the name itself, which are: is_longname, is_vowelend, is_vowelbegin, 2_gramend, 2_grambegin, 1_gramend, 1_grambegin, is_contain_abo, and is_contain_abed. Furthermore, two datasets were utilized: the first was collected from the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, while the second was gathered from the Iraqi university website. There are a lot of strange IRAQI names in two dataset

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) claims that plants provide more than 80% of the world's food supply. The report (2023), found that plant diseases are responsible for an estimated 40% of global crop losses each year. Therefore, it was necessary to find a solution that detects and classifies plant diseases early in the plant growth stage, using deep learning techniques. In this review, we will discuss the techniques for detecting plant diseases using leaves that have been studied in previous years. An overview of the articles cited in this review reveals that EfficientNet outperforms all other CNN models for plant leaf disease classification. It achieves an impressive accuracy rate that surpasses even the best-performing VGG, R

 In this work, the preparation of some new oxazolidine and thiazolidine derivatives has been conducted. This was done over two steps; the first step included the synthesis of Schiff bases A₁-A₅ in 72-88% yields by the condensation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and aldehydes. The second step includes the cyclization of derivatives A₁-A₅ with glycolic acid and thioglycolic acid to obtain the desired products, oxazolidine derivatives B₁-B₅ (44-60% yields) and thiazolidine derivatives C₁-C₅ (41-61% yields), respectively. The structure of the prepared co

A low-cost, effective green porous composite was prepared and used for the sorption of Zn⁺² ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time, sorbent dosage, initial ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature on the sorption of Zn⁺² ions was investigated. The results showed higher removal efficiency of Zn⁺² ions (83%), which was achieved at a contact time of 120 minutes, a normal pH of 6.4, and a temperature of 313 K. The Langmuir isotherm model successfully described the experimental results of the sorption process with a theoretical maximum sorption capacity of 4.819 mg/g. The kinetics of sorption showed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted the experimental results better than the pseud

New 7-ethyl-4-methyl coumarin derivatives bearing an azo methene group (C=N) were synthesized by a four-step process. The reaction between 7-ethylphenol and ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of sulfuric acid afforded 7-ethyl-4-methylcoumarin 1 in 90% yield. Nitration conditions (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) were then applied to product 1 to produce 6-nitro-7-ethyl-4-methycoumarin 2 and 8-nitro-4-methyl-7-ethylcoumarin 3. The temperature, the amount of starting materials, and the time of reaction were essential factors in obtaining a high yield of isomer 2 compared to the second isomer 3. The nitro groups at compounds 2

Koi herpesvirus 3 (KHV-3) is nominated as an emerging, highly devastating, and contagious viral disease with severe economic losses in the carp aquaculture industries worldwide. Carp rearing under intensive culture conditions is constantly vulnerable to infection by various pathogens in the water. Water temperature has a major influence on the onset and severity of the disease. Since common carp have gained importance in the Iraqi fish industry, the investigation and control of associated diseases, including KHV, are warranted. We confirmed the first detection of the KHV from the collected specimens from the suspected cages in the Sulaymaniyah region. Also, an analysis of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene sequence of the KHV showed that the

Due to the increased use of products carrying heavy metals caused by human factors in the streets of the city of Baghdad and their direct impact on the air, water quality and soil pollution, heavy metals pollution is one of the important environmental problems. As heavy metals cannot be degraded, they accumulate biologically, and, therefore, can directly threaten higher organisms including humans. The current study focused on detecting heavy metals (mercury and lead) to determine the adverse effects and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. One hundred total blood samples were collected from healthy people and the patients of both sexes who were suffering from T2DM, with mean age of 31 to 75 years, after 8 to 12 h

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified coronavirus as a global health emergency. Chest X-rays have been proven to be beneficial in both diagnosing and monitoring various lung diseases, including COVID-19. In this study, a COVID-19 disease detection framework is provided based on the methods used in machine learning and the Extra Tree algorithm to reduce the features extracted from the images. Using the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) algorithm and the Extra Tree algorithm to choose the features of the work, a set of features is extracted from the images. This set of features is then put into the XGBoost algorithm to be classified. The proposed system was evaluated using two different sets of databases: the large data

Oil and gas extraction greatly impacts the environment due to the existence of natural radionuclides in crude oil. Uncontrolled dealing with the extraction can lead to radiological contamination. This research aims to determine the radioactivity concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and risk assessment of contaminated soil in oil fields. Three oil fields in Al- Basra government southern of Iraq were investigated; 45 soil samples were collected from several locations, the first group of soil samples from Al Rumaila southern oil field, the second group was collected from Khudair Almay storage site, and the third group collected from a waste pit near an oil-well in Majnoon oil field. High purity germanium (HPGe)

Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone to maintain health, is most often caused by iodine deficiency in areas where iodine levels are low. However, in regions with adequate iodine, Hashimoto's disease is the leading cause of hypothyroidism and thyroid failure. Neudesin in neuropeptide hormone, which is released by the brain and fat tissue, has both metabolic effects and neural. The study included ninety participants divided in two groups: in this study, the initial group comprised 30 female and 30 male individuals diagnosed with hypothyroidism, while the second group consisted of 15 female and 15 male participants who were healthy controls. The age range for both groups spanned from 30

A cohort study was conducted among 210 health staff members in Sulaimani city to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. They were divided into two groups: vaccinated and unvaccinated. The vaccinated group received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine, while the unvaccinated group did not receive any vaccines during this study. Vaccine reactogenicity was assessed using a self-report form. Whereas vaccine immunogenicity was assessed by testing the anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD IgG) antibody. Several adverse effects were observed with each dose. The most frequent adverse effects were pain at the inoculation site, tiredness, myalgia and fever. The average adverse effects per person in the

Resistin (RE) is a cysteine rich polypeptide. It has been established that in humans adipocytes, pancreatic cells, muscle, and mononuclear cells all express this 108 amino acid polypeptide. It is important to note that resistin is primarily produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans. Its part in the inflammatory processes has been proven. Immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are crucial elements of humoralimmunity. They increase inflammatory responses and the removal of immunological complexes by activating the complement system, sensitizing natural killer cells, phagocytes, and mast cells, and regulating cytotoxic cellular activity. The aim of this study was to determine resistin and immunoglobulin IgA and IgM levels in the

The detection of extremism is a field of research aimed at discovering extremism and hate speech on social networking sites through the use of natural language processing tools. Although this field is wide, there is little research in Arabic that has dealt with this topic compared to research in English, although a very large percentage of social media users are Arabs and interact in Arabic. In this research, the most important research works related to the field of extremism detection in the Arabic language using machine learning algorithms will be reviewed, and related works will be compared in terms of methodology and results.

ABO blood types and the Rh factor have recently been linked to an increased risk of developing the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in individuals of different ethnic backgrounds. The conducted current study aimed to comprehend the relationship between this polymorphic apparatus and illness risk in Nineveh patients and healthy individuals. Recovery or death and two COVID-19 outcomes were also investigated. Many individuals including COVID-19 Nineveh patients had their ABO blood type and Rh factors determined. Thus, four groups (under therapy, rehabilitative, death, and healthy donors) were created from the research samples. The diagnosis kit RNA (PCR-Fluorescence Probing) was used to diagnose 2019 novel coronavirus (2019nCoV)

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has led to the nanomedicine development, which involves nanoparticles that exist in the natural world. Nanoparticle is an ultrafine unit with dimensions measured in nanometers. They are created as a result of human activities, and have recently been used in various biomedical applications, consumer products, and commercially, etc. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), among the known metal oxides, have attracted a vast scientific interest. Therefore, human health can be at risk of continuous exposure. However, the toxic effects of MgO NPs should be assessed with their increased applications. The present study aimed to investigate the physiological and histological, alterations induced by t

The natural radioactivity in the sediments of the Tigris River was measured using gamma spectrometry using an HPGe detector. Ten sediment samples were collected, and the target radionuclides are ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K. Radioactivity in sediment was investigated in clay and silt fractions beside the hazard indices. The ²²⁶Ra concentration ranged between 6.5 and 11.2 Bq/kg, ²³²Th from 4.1 to 9.6 Bq/kg, and ⁴⁰K from 133.8 to 260.2 Bq/kg. The average values of the natural radionuclides of these elements are within the worldwide average or less and comparable to those of the rivers in other countries; accordingly, the radiological hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, annual