In recent years, the rapid rise of the population and urbanization have raised the issue of air pollution. Because of its impact on human health, air quality monitoring is a crucial problem. Air pollution impacts our daily lives and quality of life. It presents a threat to the planet's environment and quality of life. Because industrial operations have grown in recent years, there is a clear need to monitor air quality. People must realize how their actions affect the quality of the air. With advances in sensing and embedded technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to costly and stationary air quality monitoring stations for implementing air quality monitoring systems (AQMS). By developing an a

The present world depends on communications. Increasing dependency on communications means the importance of information security is increasing than ever. Every user wants to keep the data secure by applying a strong data encryption concept. The strong data encryption can be satisfied by using a strong encryption algorithm and strong key. In this research, a method is proposed –Key Generation Method (KGM) to generate the strong unique keys for the cryptographic algorithm. This method includes using 22 different types of hash functions to generate 22 strong unique keys with different two lengths (128-bit and 256-bit), then applying these keys with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. Analysis tools (entropy and autocorrelat

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes hospital-acquired infections, particularly in burn wounds and urinary tract infections, and is consistently ranked among the top three most common Gram-negative pathogens associated with these types of infections. During a period of 4 months, from 8/2021 to 11/2021, 65 samples were collected from patients suffered from burns, wounds, and UTIs infections in three hospitals in Baghdad. The conventional cultural identity of the isolates was confirmed by the results of the VITEK 2 system. Molecular identification of P. aeruginosa isolates based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was done, followed by testing antibiotic susceptibil

This paper introduces approximate estimators for the scale parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the exponential Rayleigh distribution using Modified Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian method. The Modified Maximum Likelihood estimator requires iterative techniques such as the modified Newton–Raphson method due to the unavailability of closed-form expressions. Bayesian estimators are derived using both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, and Lindley's approximation method is employed for integrals that lack closed-form solutions. Finally, the estimators obtained are compared through Monte Carlo simulation study.

This study intends to investigate the effect of rotation on the peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian Sutterby fluid through wave channel. The equations are non-homogeneous and non-linear partial differential equations. The equations have been resolved using approximation long wavelength assumptions. The results have been examined through graphics using the “Mathematica 13” program. Therefore, it has been noticed that the effect of the flow rate, amplitude ratio, density of the fluid, viscosity of the fluid, rotation and tube's average radius on the distribution of velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction forces and stream function. It has been noticed by increasing the flow rate, amplitude ratio, density of the fluid an

In this research, a new weighting method was presented based on the truncated fractional Mittag-Leffler function. Alternatives to Jacobi polynomials represented by the Chelyshkov polynomial with the orthogonal property and the fractional degree were relied upon. This approach is based on weighted residual methods. The differential equations are converted into a system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations. Accurate results were obtained in various applications, and the convergence of the proposed method was studied and the Chelyshkov polynomial was compared with other functions. In addition, weighting methods were compared. In comparison with other methods, the results showed the efficiency of the proposed method in solving such typ

In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method will be used in connection with Laplace transformation method to give a hybrid approach as a modification of the homotopy perturbation method to find the approximate solutions of random ordinary differential equations. The approximate solution is proved also to converge to the exact solution, in which the analysis of the proof is based on mean square convergence of the sequence of a random process. The proposed hybrid approach is effectively used to find the exact solution for the considered examples, which are simulated and solved using two generations of Brownian motion with a total length of signal processing, namely 500 and 1000 generations.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide, yet there is a scarcity of research on the serum levels of interleukins (ILs) in patients with CRC, with only a limited number of studies having been published to date. The present work aimed to investigate the contributions of selected blood molecules, namely IL-18 and IL-22, Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 (Keap-1), aldolase (ALD), and forkhead O4 (FOXO4). The analysis involved 60 CRC patients and30 healthy subjects who served ascontrol. The serum levels of IL-22, IL-18, Keap-1, and ALD were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while FOXO4 expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of IL-18, IL-22, and Keap-1 were not statistically significant

Design and synthesis of novel poly heterocycles together using same heterocyclic compound is the main task of the present paper. The target compounds entitled 4,4’-[benzene-1,4-diylbis[ethylidenehydrazine-2-ylidene]bis[4-[3,5-di(5-substitutedpyridin-2-yl)-3,3a-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c][1,2]oxazol-6(5H)-yl]-4H-3-yl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol] have been synthesized starting from the reaction of 1,4-diacetylphenyl and carbohydrazide to give Schiff base derivatives then 1,2,4- triazole derivatives from the reaction with CS₂ and an excess of hydrazine hydrate. The same applies for the condensing of these newly heterocyclic amines with different pyridine-2-carbaldehydes, which resulted in the synthesis of some new Schiff bases, whic

In this paper, the terms of Lascoux and boundary maps for the skew-partition (11,7,5) / (1,1,1) are found by using the Jacobi-Trudi matrix of partition. Further, Lascoux resolution is studied by using a mapping Cone without depending on the characteristic-free resolution of the Weyl module for the same skew-partition.

A new series of chalcone derivatives featuring an oxadiazole-quinoline moiety were successfully synthesized through a multi-step reaction sequence, commencing with quinoline-2-carboxylic acid as the starting material. First, the carboxylic group was chlorinated to form an acid chloride, following reacted with hydrazine hydrate. The resulting product underwent cyclization with carbon disulfide in an alkaline solution to produce 5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol, followed by alkylation using chloroacetone. In the final step, an aldol condensation reaction was carried out by grinding the acetone derivative with various aromatic aldehydes, yielding the desired chalcones. The synthesized compounds were characterized by R_f

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a major global health concern, accounting for substantial liver-related illness and death worldwide. The complex protein profile present in both blood serum and saliva is composed of numerous individual proteins, which collectively contribute to the overall protein composition of these bodily fluids. Valuable diagnostic insights can be gleaned from assessing alterations in total serum protein concentrations or variations within distinct protein fractions. Current study aimed to investigate the influence of hepatitis B disease on the matter of total protein concentration, as well as the levels of albumin and globulins, exploring the feasibility of utilizing saliva as a diagnostic fluid to monitor flu

     Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that predominantly affects women of reproductive age, impacting their hormonal balance and fertility. The present study was conducted to evaluate the levels of neurokinin B and galanin in women with PCOS. The study recruited PCOS patients who visited infertility consultation at the Medical City of Baghdad Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): thirty healthy control women, whose average age was between 20 and 35 years, and sixty PCOS patients, who were overweight group (BMI less than 30 kg/m²) or obese group (BMI more than 30 kg/m²⁾. The diagnosis of PCOS in women was based on

A gas chromatographic technique was employed as an analytical method to detect and quantify Pyridaben residues in cucumber, leaves, and soil under controlled greenhouse conditions in Iraq, using the recommended dosage, and to estimate the residual levels of Pyridaben after household processing. The samples were extracted and purified using a modified QuEChERS method, followed by analysis using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry for determination. Method validation studies yielded recovery percentages ranging from 93.9% to 98.5%. The matrix effects (ME)−12.21%, −8.82%, −5.3% for cucumber, leaves and soil respectively. The samples exhibited no signal suppression effect in all matrices, and relativ

This study employed a green route to synthesize metal oxide nanocomposites, specifically NiO/Al₂O₃, which were subsequently used to dope poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a matrix, resulting in the formation of novel nanocomposites, namely PMMA/NiO/Al₂O₃. The nanocomposites were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, DSC, TGA, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity tests to confirm their design, verify the nanostructured composition, and distinguishable features in poly methyl methacrylate distribution. The results of AFM for the synthesized nanostructured showed that the NiO and Al₂O₃, describe how the nanoparticles' size was in the nano scale. The biological activi

     Recurrent tonsillitis is characterized by five or more episodes of severe tonsillitis per year, which significantly impact daily life and normal activities. Superantigens (SAgs) trigger a massive response in T cells, resulting in an overwhelming release of cytokines and rapid T cell growth. Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a substational pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for inflammation and the immune response. This study is designed to detect rs893629 in the TLR2 gene and genes encoding SAgs A, B and C in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Additionally, the study examines the association between rs893629 and serum level of (TLR2, IFN-γ, MIF and IL-4) as a risk factor for the progression of tonsillitis. 261 patie

The impetus behind the emergence of information security was the need to send sensitive data over the often insecure Internet networks. Information and communication technology fields have used authentication to verify alleged users identities and prevent intruders from achieving their goals. However, with the increasing use of digital images in multimedia applications, particularly those requiring high levels of security, there has been a growing interest in ways to ensure their safety. A secret key was generated randomly to add to the proposed encryption system, increasing its complexity to preserve privacy and reduce the influence of intruders. Our method uses a reversible logical approach for security and privacy based on discrete co

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder associated with a chronic inflammatory process that can impact the joints as well as non-articular organs such as the heart, kidney, lung, digestive tract, eye, skin, and neurological system. This study was conducted at Private Nursing Hospital and Al Kadhimiya Educational Hospital, where blood samples were collected from 122 Iraqi women; seventy-fiveof them were apparently healthy controls whileforty-sevenwere patients who had long-standing RA. B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) and interleukin-35(IL-35)wereevaluated utilizing an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Also, total cholesterol, triglyceride, andHigh-density lipoprotein(HDL)were determined using an enzymatic colorimetric method.

Twenty-four water samples were collected from the Tigris River inside Baghdad city and close to the sewage pipes for the winter seasons in October 2022 and the summer seasons in May 2023 to assess the pollution of the Tigris River water. The study included analyzing the physical and chemical properties and studying the concentrations of some heavy elements (iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, cadmium, and lead). Tigris River samples are characterized during the winter as light alkaline, fresh water, highly mineralized and sodium sulphate type. Water samples during the summer are characterized by light alkalinity, fresh water, high mineralization, and calcium chloride type. River water evaluated for irrigation purposes showed

Adenosine deaminase (ADA), also referred to as adenosine aminohydrolase, is a key enzyme that plays a crucial role in purine metabolism. AMP-aminohydrolase, also known as AMP deaminase (AMPDA), facilitates the conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into inosine monophosphate (IMP). Cigarettes primarily consist of various substances. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cigarettes smoking on serum and saliva ADA and AMPDA activities, exploring the diagnostic potential of these enzymes in smoking- related diseases. Two hundred twenty subjects were enrolled, including 100 healthy smokers and 120 healthy non-smokers with measurement being made of serum and saliva ADA and AMPDA activities as well as complete blood count (CBC)

This study utilized low-cost agricultural waste (molasses production waste powder) to extract copper ions from aqueous solutions. The present investigation explored a range of factors that influence the adsorption process, including temperature, pH, ionic strength, contact time, quantity of adsorbent, and particle size. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to determine the solution's absorbance both before and after the adsorption procedure. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to match the equilibrium data. The Freundlich model was determined to be the best isotherm model using the linear regression coefficient R²=0.9868. Thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, were cal

 In organic chemistry the prefix oxo indicates a double bond between an oxygen atom and carbon atom. The oxo group is present in ketons, estern, carboxilic acids, aldehydes and amids. Topological indices are numerical quantities associated with the molecular graphs. Some of the molecular descriptors have proven their ability in predicting physico-chemical properties certain chemical compounds. In this paper structure boiling point relationships are studied for series of oxo organic compounds by ten molecular descriptors. The QSPR modelling for the oxo organic compounds are presented by the means of linear, quadratic, logarithmic and multilinear analysis. The multilinear analysis model produces a correlation coefficient(r) =0.954 and sta

Novel oxopyrimidine (3,7) and pyrazole (4,8) compounds bearing an azo group were successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR, ¹HNMR, and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy. The diazonium salt was first synthesized by reacting p-amino acetophenone with nitrous acid. This salt was added to activated aromatic rings (o-nitro phenol, β-naphthol) to produce azo compounds (1,5). Following the reaction of these azo compounds with salicylaldehyde, chalcone derivatives (2,6) were produced. Subsequently, these synthetic compounds were cyclized to create pyrazole derivatives (4,8) and oxopyrimidine (3,7

      Currently, Machine learning is an advanced algorithm that yielding accurate classifications or predictions for huge samples sizes. The fat index data is asymmetric and has a right skew so this creates problem when using statistical techniques. For such data, there is still a lot of performance that needs to be improved when comparing statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms. This paper aimed to compare the traditional statistical methods represented by Linear, penalized linear such as Ridge and Lasso regression and machine learning models represented by convolutional neural network for their prediction performance through simulation experiments and real data of fat index. A total of 252 records were used. The pre

     In this study, nanoparticles of metal oxides (CoO, NiO, and TiO₂) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into paraffin wax, serving as a matrix, to create nanocomposites. The resulting materials, [TiO₂; CoO/paraffin] and [TiO₂; NiO/paraffin], were prepared using ultrasonic techniques. The morphology, size, and structures of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformer infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectro

     Rice, an important food crop, is often faced with widespread and highly contagious diseases that have posed significant threats to agricultural development. However, traditional rice disease identification methods, which rely on the subjective visual examination of experts, hinder timely disease prevention. The advancements in computer vision and deep learning techniques have been key in improving crop disease diagnosis and recognition. This paper suggests a new approach for classifying rice leaf diseases, first via enhancing the input rice plant image through the conversion and extraction techniques. Secondly, by employing the multiple Vision Transformers (ViTs) method, which adopts and dedicates one ViT per type of disease, th

        An R-module M is called polyform if every essential submodule of M is rational. The main goal of this paper is to give a new class of modules named P-polyform modules. This class of modules are contained properly in the class of polyform modules. Several properties of this concept are introduced and compared with those which is known in the concept of polyform modules. Another characterization of the definition of P-polyform modules is given as an analogue to that in the concept of polyform modules. So we proved that a module M is P-polyform if and only if M)= 0, for each essential submodule N of M, which is pure in M, and a submodule K of M, with NÍKÍM. The relationships between this class of modules and some other rela

     Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for fungal infections, including onychomycosis. The study aims to determine the prevalence of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients and its correlation with associated factors, identify the causative agents and compare the fungal culture findings with the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) findings of diagnosing 6 fungal isolates. A total of 126 diabetic patients were included between November 2020 to June 2021. Nail samples were subjected to potassium hydroxide 20%. Culture was done on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium (SDA), both with and without cycloheximide. Identification of non-dermatophytic molds was based on colony characteristics, colony reverse, cello-tape flag meth

     Fish feed is influenced by several factors, including the raw ingredients used in the feed, the content of proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins, the manufacturing process, and the way the feed is stored. Its impact on the fish's growth rate, which should continuously increase. Caulerpa sp. is rich in nutrients, providing vegetable protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. This research aims to examine the effect of incorporating feed with additional Caulerpa sp. on the growth of red tilapia. One alternative is the addition of C. racemosa (sea grape seaweed flour) as a feed supplement in tilapia feed. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments

     This work compares mud volcanoes from the NW Moroccan Atlantic Margin and the Ceuta Drift in the Mediterranean Moroccan Margins. Through the analysis and interpretation of high-resolution seismic data combined with existing research, the study explores the distinct formation mechanisms and the structural characteristics of mud volcano systems in these regions. The NW Moroccan Atlantic Margin, influenced by the accretionary wedge and the strike-slip faulting associated with the Rif-Betic Arc tectonic movement, exhibits mud volcanoes formed primarily through the upward movement of mud diapirs along faults. In contrast, the Ceuta Drift is characterized by mud volcanoes formed on top of the seafloor-piercing mud diapirs, resulting f