Recently, new generalizations have been presented for the hyponormal operators, which are (N, k)-hyponormal operators and (h, M)-hyponormal operators. Some properties of these concepts have also been proved, one of these properties is that the product of two (N, k)-hyponormal operator is also (N, k)- hyponormal operator and the product of two (h, M)-hyponormal operators is (h, M)-hyponormal operator. In our research, we will reprove these properties by using the (l,m)-commuting operator equations, in addition to that we will solve the (l, m)-commuting operator equations for (N, k)-hyponormal operators and (h, M)-hyponormal operators.

     Antimicrobial resistance is considered a problem for public health globally. New forms of resistance mechanisms are developing and spreading daily around the world. For that reason, a potential method for overcoming the antimicrobial resistance of several pathogens that cause deadly infections is the use of silver nanoparticles. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs conjugated with lincomycin were synthesized and characterized. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs alone and after conjugating with lincomycin was also evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to determine the morphological properties of AgNPs and AgNPs-lincomycin, which showed the a

The Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process has become one of the most important processes to enhance oil recovery in both secondary and tertiary recovery stages and through immiscible and miscible modes.  Its advantages came from the ability to provide gravity-stable oil displacement for improving oil recovery, when compared with conventional gas injection methods such as Continuous Gas Injection (CGI) and Water – Alternative Gas (WAG).

Vertical injectors for CO₂   gas were placed at the top of the reservoir to form a gas cap which drives the oil towards the horizontal oil producing wells which are located above the oil-water-contact. The GAGD process was developed and tested in vertical wel

     Smishing is a cybercriminal attack targeting mobile Short Message Service (SMS) devices that contains a malicious link, phone number, or email. The attacker intends to use this message to steal the victim's sensitive information, such as passwords, bank account details, and credit cards. One method of combating smishing is to raise awareness and educate users about the various tactics used by SMS phishers. But even so, this method has been criticized for becoming inefficient because smishing tactics are continually evolving. A more promising anti-smishing method is to use machine learning. This paper introduces a number of machine learning algorithms that can be used for detecting smishing. Furthermore, the differences and simil

    The main objective of this work is to generalize the concept of  fuzzy algebra by introducing the notion of  fuzzy algebra. Characterization and examples of the proposed generalization are presented, as well as several different properties of  fuzzy algebra are proven. Furthermore, the relationship between fuzzy algebra and fuzzy algebra is studied, where it is shown that the fuzzy algebra is a generalization of fuzzy algebra too. In addition, the notion of restriction, as an important property in the study of measure theory, is studied as well. Many properties of restriction of a nonempty family of fuzzy subsets of fuzzy power set are investigated and it is shown that the restriction of fuzzy algebra is fuzzy algebra too.

     Diabetes is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a main health problem globally. In recent years, the incidence of Type II diabetes mellitus was increased significantly due to metabolic disorders caused by malfunction in insulin secretion. It might result in various diseases, such as kidney failure, stroke, heart attacks, nerve damage, and damage in eye retina. Therefore, early diagnosis and classification of Type II diabetes is significant to help physician assessments.

The proposed model is based on Multilayer Neural Network using a dataset of Iraqi diabetes patients obtained from the Specialized Center for Endocrine Glands and Diabetes Diseases. The investigation includes 282 samples, o

     The science of information security has become a concern of many researchers, whose efforts are trying to come up with solutions and technologies that ensure the transfer of information in a more secure manner through the network, especially the Internet, without any penetration of that information, given the risk of digital data being sent between the two parties through an insecure channel. This paper includes two data protection techniques. The first technique is cryptography by using Menezes Vanstone elliptic curve ciphering system, which depends on public key technologies. Then, the encoded data is randomly included in the frame, depending on the seed used. The experimental results, using a PSNR within avera

The paper is concerned with the state and proof of the solvability theorem of unique state vector solution (SVS) of triple nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value problem (TNLHBVP), via utilizing the Galerkin method (GAM) with the Aubin theorem (AUTH), when the boundary control vector (BCV) is known. Solvability theorem of a boundary optimal control vector (BOCV) with equality and inequality state vector constraints (EINESVC) is proved. We studied the solvability theorem of a unique solution for the adjoint triple boundary value problem (ATHBVP) associated with TNLHBVP. The directional derivation (DRD) of the "Hamiltonian"(DRDH) is deduced. Finally, the necessary theorem (necessary conditions "NCOs") and the sufficient theorem (sufficient co

     The Wiener filter is widely used in image de-noising. It is used to reduce Gaussian noise. Although the Wiener filter removes noise from the image, it causes a loss of edge detail information, resulting in blurring of the image. The edge details are considered high-frequency components. The Wiener filter is unable to reconstruct these components. In this paper, the proposed filter based on the Wiener filter and the high-boost filter for medical images is presented. The proposed filter is applied to the degraded image. First, using Fourier Transformation, the degraded image and the high boost filter are converted in the frequency domain. Secondly, the wiener filter is applied to the image along with the high boost filter. Thirdly

       Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of imidazo (2, 1-b) Thiazole derivatives is reported. Under Mannich conditions, a series of new imidazo (2, 1-b) Thiazole derivatives were synthesized. Starting from the reaction of 2- amino thiazole with 4- bromo phenyl bromide to produce 5-(4-bromo phenyl) imidazo (2, 1-b) thiazoles, following by introduce the substituted aminomethyl at position 6-by reacting with different aromatic amines under Mannich conditions to afford 6-secondary amine-5-(4-bromo phenyl) imidazo (2,1-b) thiazole in high yields.

FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR techniques were used to characterize the synthesized derivatives. In addition, all compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity, and thr

     The oral cavity has the second major and most diverse microflora after the gut. Since it is the starting point of digestion; the oral microbiota is essential for maintaining oral and systemic health.  Thus, this study aimed to find the bacterial isolates which act as a causative agent of periodontal diseases in Iraqi patients and their relation with some immune oral parameters. Saliva specimens and oral swabs of 91 patients (51) and control individuals (40) were collected in this study. The specimens of patients were collected from Al-Amirya and Almaamon Specialized Dental Centers in Baghdad for a period from November/2021 to February/2022. The microbiological results revealed, that the most prevalent bacterial isolates were re

     Learning is the process of gaining knowledge and implementing this knowledge on behavior. The concept of learning is not strict to just human being, it expanded to include machine also. Now the machines can behave based on the gained knowledge learned from the environment. The learning process is evolving in both human and machine, to keep up with the technology in the world, the human learning evolved into micro-learning and the machine learning evolved to deep learning. In this paper, the evolution of learning is discussed as a formal survey accomplished with the foundation of machine learning and its evolved version of learning which is deep learning and micro-learning as a new learning technology can be imple

     Social media and news agencies are major sources for tracking news and events. With these sources' massive amounts of data, it is easy to spread false or misleading information. Given the great dangers of fake news to societies, previous studies have given great attention to detecting it and limiting its impact. As such, this work aims to use modern deep learning techniques to detect Arabic fake news. In the proposed system, the attention model is adapted with bidirectional long-short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) to identify the most informative words in the sentence. Then, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is applied to classify news articles as fake or real. The experiments are conducted on a newly launched Arabic dataset called the Ara

     Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, leading to impaired hematopoiesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in gene expression and cancer progression, including AML. This study investigates the expression of circRNA (hsa_circ_0001947) and its correlation with Transforming Growth Factor - β (TGF-β) serum levels in Iraqi AML patients. A cohort of 50 patients with AML and 40 healthy individuals was examined. The hsa_circ_0001947 expression was analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR, while serum TGF-β levels were measured using the ELISA technique. The results demonstrated a significant downregulat

     The annual pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) is a significant event for Iraqi society. Millions of Iraqis from all walks of life converge on the holy city of Karbala each year on the 20^th of the month of Safar. The sheer scale of such gatherings necessitates in-depth study. Various methodologies were employed in this field, including graph theory and network analysis, to determine the shortest routes pilgrims take from their governorates (places of residence) to the holy city of Karbala. All roads leading to the city are primary, secondary, international, and public transportation networks are considered. The objective is to identify the optimal route for the movement of large Crowds to ensu

     The global need for the treatment of cancer diseases has been directed towards the use of enzymes, as these diseases have worsened in recent years for several reasons, including chemical and physical pollutants. L-glutaminase is one of the enzymes used in the treatment of tumors, as it converts the amino acid glutamine into glutamic acid, which helps inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to produce and purify L-glutaminase from a local isolate of P. aeruginosa P48 and evaluate its anticancer activity. The result of PCR with the 16SrRNA gene for identification of P. aeruginosa P48 showed that the 16SrRNA gene (956bp) was presented as a single band on agarose gel as an

     The significant factor that participated in virulence and pathogenesis for Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is biofilm development. In hospital settings, biofilm construction on medical equipment is quite concerning since it is a permanent source of infection. The infection results from S. aureus biofilm, which was considered a serious problem due to the difficulty in treating it with traditional antibiotics. In recent years, the medical community has been using probiotic bacteria to suppress biofilm development. The current work aims to investigate the impact of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of lactobacillus acidophilus on biofilm generation and gene expres

The combined effects of glycemic dysregulation, dyslipidemia, and cellular stress responses lead to increased expression of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP-78), a key mediator in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. Due to its involvement in glucose and lipid metabolism, GRP-78 is considered a potential therapeutic biomarker. This study aimed to assess the impact of various antidiabetic medications on GRP-78 levels in individuals with T2DM. A cross-sectional study comprised 134 participants: 96 T2DM patients who were divided into patients under treatment with glucovance 500 (n=38), or insulin injection (n=42), and newly diagnosed diabetic patients (n=16). A control group of 38 healthy subjects were enrolled. Serum levels GRP-78

     Breast cancer is a major cause of malignancies–related mortalities among women worldwide. The development and progression of this disease are attributed to the contribution of key cellular modulators, including the NBN (Nibrin) gene and interleukin 20 (IL20), that are linked to genomic instability, stemness, cell cycle regulation and cancer predisposition. Due to the lack of local studies investigating NBN gene expression in the context of breast cancer, the present study aims to assess its gene expression along with the assessment of interleukin 20 (IL20) serum levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in comparison to cases with benign breast lumps and healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted from t

     Fungal infections of the respiratory system have increased in recent years with the increase in the number of fungal spores due to pollution, so there was a need for a study focusing on fungal species that infect the respiratory system, studying their pathogenicity and diagnosing them accurately to be able to give appropriate treatment and save patients. The study aimed to isolate and diagnose pathogenic fungi from patients with respiratory diseases and to indicate their pathogenicity by studying their virulence, toxicity, and impact on the immune system to know the extent of the danger of these fungi as well as their impact in causing serious opportunistic diseases for patients with respiratory injuries. The current study obtai

       This work employed the Zernike and Karhunen-Loeve polynomials in the adaptive optics (AO) systems to correct wave-front aberrations. The present work uses MATLAB-based program for simulating wave-front distortion correction with the use of the Modal AO method. Wave-front aberrations were represented by a modified von Karman turbulence model; numerical simulations and analyses were performed. The Zernike polynomials higher values of SNR and Strehl ratios, lower values of RMSE, variance, and covariance in comparison to Karhunen-Loeve polynomials modes, proved the superiority of the Zernike polynomials in correcting wave-front distortion. The present work provides valuable insights into the quality and performance metrics of th

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using the extracellular mixture solution of Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus acted as a reducing and capping agent to stabilize and prevent the aggregation of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. CuO NPs are characterized by UV-visible, FTIR, AFM, FE-SEM, and XRD, and tested for their antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biofilm capability was demonstrated with the microtiter plate method. The antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa exhibits resistance to Piperacillin, Nitrofloxacin, and Levofloxacin. While sensitive to Cefepime, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Imipenem.   The antib

Ecological diversity between the diurnal bird of F. francolinus and the diurnal squirrel of S. anomalus reflects the ability to adapt to their vision environments. The histological characteristics of the retina in F. francolinus and S. anomalus were studied using light microscopy. The retina of F. francolinus is avascular, while that of S. anomalus is vascular. The retina in both species consists of ten layers. In both species, the retina includes cones and rods, and the increased cone density is adapted for daytime and color vision. The retina of F. francolinus contains a shallow fovea for visual acuity. This shallow fovea was characterized by the presence of all retinal lay

     The Leishmania parasite is divided into two main divisions: the old-world Leishmania species and the new-world Leishmania species. The antileishmanial medications currently in use have a number of side effects, for instance, their toxicity to humans, liver issues, long-term treatment, and extreme cost. Cymbopogon citratus is a herbal medicine used as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and gastrointestinal disturbances remedy. Sphingolipids (SLs) in many eukaryotes, one of the important cell membrane components, and their metabolites interfere with the control of many vital functions in the cell, such as cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this study, th

     A convex open boundary domain was used to define the predator-prey equations. This was then mathematically analysed using Robin boundary conditions. Using the Faedo-Galerkin methodology and compactness arguments, we demonstrate the existence of strong and weak solutions and their uniqueness. The solution findings exhibit a higher level of regularity. We construct a more regular model based on the initial data. Furthermore, we can demonstrate continuous dependence on initial conditions. To complement the theoretical results, numerical simulations were also conducted, confirming the validity of the model and illustrating the dynamic behaviour of the predator-prey system under Robin boundary conditions.

     Several heavy metals emitted from car petrol may accumulate in occupational workers at elevated concentrations, resulting in various impacts on these workers. The current work was designed to assess the blood content of  Zn, Cu, and Pb in occupationally exposed workers. Four car filling stations situated within Baghdad city, Iraq, and 40 occupational workers were subjected to this study; in addition, a sample of 20 individuals away from these examined fuel stations was selected to act as a control sample during November 2023. From both occupational workers and control samples, 4 ml of blood from each individual was taken and placed in a gel tube for coagulation. Each blood sample was centrifuged for 40 min at 3000 rpm to separa

 This note introduces a new extended concept into a fuzzy soft area that plays a prominent role in functional analysis, called the fuzzy soft b-partial metric space, which is an extension of the fuzzy soft metric space and the fuzzy soft partial metric space. The research discusses numerous analytical features based on this proposed space, including the -closed, -open ball, -Hausdorff space, and -converge sequence. Moreover, several essential theorems of convergence of this space are investigated. Furthermore, close connections between this newly defined space and b-metric spaces are also examined. In this regard, several instances are illustrated.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by inflammatory joint damage, leading to stiffness, swelling, and pain. The biomarkers galectin-3 (Gal-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) have been implicated in RA pathogenesis. This study aimed to observe the effect of Methotrexate (MTX) and Etanercept (ETA) medications on serum Gal-3 and MMP-3 levels of Iraqi RA patients. Gal-3 and MMP-3 were measured in sera of 92 RA patients and 38 control using ELISA assay. Patients were categorized into groups according to received treatment: MTX, ETA, combined MTX plus ETA, and untreated patients (Un-T).  The clinical disease activity index (CDAI) was calculated for patients. The Gal-3 levels for MTX red

     Bitter almond is a peach fruit from the Rosaceae family.  Despite its diverse health benefits, some harmful and toxic properties can be produced in the body as it contains hydrocyanic acid, which gives a bitter taste. This study was conducted to investigate the harmful toxic properties of bitter almonds that can be produced in the body as they contain hydrocyanic acid; despite its many beneficial secondary metabolites. Methods: Whole bitter almond seeds collected in Iraq were extracted and dosed to rats. 20 Westar albino male rats weighing (200- 250) gm were obtained from the Biotechnology Center / AL-Nahrain University. The animals were divided into 4 groups (control group administered distill

     Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen associated with community and hospital-acquired infections; it can rapidly develop resistance to new antibiotics. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has severely limited treatment options, necessitating the judicious use of effective antibiotics such as clindamycin. However, routine susceptibility tests often fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR), ultimately leading to treatment failures. This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to June 2024, and it aimed to identify and report the prevalence of ICR phenotypes among MRSA with the d-test. A total of 101 isolates were investigated, of which 85 were